Plastic bottles: PET production. Plastic containers in Russia Production of plastic bottles

Colorless bottles are manufactured by agreement and partial prepayment.

product, throat type	volume, L.	available colors	price from 10 000 pcs.	price up to 10,000 pcs.	cover / handle	picture
BPF bottle	0,25		Contractual	Contractual	50Kop.
BPF bottle	0,4	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual
BPF bottle	0,5	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual
BPF bottle	0,5	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	Contractual
BPF bottle	0,5	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	50Kop.
BPF bottle	0,6	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual
BPF bottle	0,6	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	50Kop.
Bottle Brc.	0.7 (1kg. Credit milk)	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	70kop.
BPF bottle	1	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	50Kop.
BPF bottle	1	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	50Kop.
BPF bottle	1	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.		Contractual	50Kop.
BPF bottle	1,5	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	50Kop.
BPF bottle	2	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	5.5 rubles.	Contractual	50Kop.
BPF bottle	3	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual
Bottle, 48mm throat	3	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	Contractual
Bottle, 48mm throat	3	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	Contractual
Bottle, high throat	4	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	included
Bottle, high throat	4,2	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	included
Bottle with throat 38 mm	4,3	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	Contractual
Bottle, high throat	4,5	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	included
	4,8	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	included
Bottle, High / Low Throat	5	colorless, brown, blue, white matt, green, green matte, black matte, yellow matte, red frosted, orange matte.	Contractual	Contractual	included

The main types and advantages of PET bottles

Types of products

Pet bottle classification is based on several parameters. finished products. The main ones are as follows:

• Svetopropusk ability. Tara can be transparent, darkened, matte. In the first case, it is used to bottling lemonade, juices, vegetable oils. In the second - for the sale of low alcohol drinks, balms, dishes of drugs. Purchase opaque plastic bottles Most often relevant for household chemical manufacturers and cars.
• Wall thickness. Selected depending on the purpose of the container. If the bottles made from PET will be used to storing non-aggressive substances, then standard products will suit (0.1-0.5 mm). Household chemicals need to be poured into multi-layer containers having a polymer as part. For strong beverages, containers produced in which there is a nylon (passive barrier). In the case when working with reactivities, PET products are needed, resistant to UV rays (active barrier).
• Volume. Plastic bottles are different. You can order roomy tanks or buy PET PET vials.

Advantages of bottles made from Pat

This container is very convenient for the storage and transportation of liquids of almost any kind. The basis for the manufacture is polyethylene terephthalate, the material that is now actively used for the manufacture of containers in which they store both beverages and products.

Plastic packaging for liquids is in high demand, which is explained by a number of its advantages:

• Ease of use. In the process of transporting the likelihood of damage to PET bottles is minimal.
• A variety of forms. Application in practice modern technologies Allows you to get different on the performance of the container. Preforms are used (revealing PET bottles) or extrusion method.
• The possibility of branding. Labels can be glued to the surface of plastic bottles, other advertising products.

We are engaged in the production of PET bottles over the years, we can fulfill the order of any level of complexity.

What is the price of PET bottles?

Property factors when selling PET bottles are:

• volume;
• features of the used PET (normal, multi-layered, etc.);
• equipment (presence / no cover and handle);
• specity of the order (small, medium, large opt).

Need to buy PET bottles in Moscow? Contact "Ultraplast"

Our company is a reliable supplier of containers produced using PET. In the "ultraplaste" you can buy plastic bottles for water and other liquids. The product range is periodically increasing.

Clients are provided with a number of important guarantees, including:

• high quality products confirmed by certificates of conformity;
• a large selection of plastic bottles, produced containers of different volume - from 0.25 l to 5 liters;
• optimal prices, in the cost of products there are no surveillance surcharges, we are a direct manufacturer, the sale of plastic containers for liquids is carried out on favorable terms;
• flexible system of discounts, we are aimed at long-term cooperation, so we create the most favorable conditions for customers;
• services inexpensive and rapid delivery of plastic bottles to your object.

Do not miss the opportunity to buy PET containers in Moscow at a competitive price. To clarify the conditions of cooperation, contact our managers.

Production of PET bottles: what is needed to organize an enterprise. Payment necessary costs, business profitability, sales risks.

Capital investments in business: 565,000 rubles.
The payback period of production PET bottles: 12 months.

Every day there are more and more new drinks, and each of them is in its exclusive bottle.

Almost the entire container for soft drinks consists of such a material like plastic.

This material is beneficial and convenient because it has a low cost, but it is quite easy and durable.

It follows that production of PET bottles - This is a rather popular and profitable business.

Of course, it is worth considering such a moment that large firms are much more profitable to produce them themselves.

But there is a small trade of corporate drinks in some institutions.

It is these customers most of all in the production of PET bottles produced.

Owning such enterprises, you can consistently get big profits.

Possible risks of the opening of the enterprise

Among risks can be allocated:

• lack of markets;
• price increase in raw materials;
• long payback period;
• low profits in the first stages of work.

All these factors can negatively affect the profitability of the enterprise, increase the payback period, and in the worst case - drive it into minus.

How to prevent possible risks?

In order not to go bankrupt in the first year, it is worth taking care of the sale of products at the stage of purchase of equipment.

The earlier the products begin to be sold, the earlier the profit will come.

You should never stop there: always look for new customers and cooperate with other enterprises.

In order not to lose a lot on a sudden increase in raw material prices, you need to establish relationships with different suppliers, and buy different types of raw materials from different firms.

Various materials can be beneficial in several sources.

In order not to fall in spirit if the profit profit will be lower than expected, you need to have an exposure and additional capital for the safety net.

It would be nice to raise investors to expand the business when your production of PET bottles will flourish.

Theoretical video lesson on how plastic bottles are manufactured:

Conclusions on the production of PET bottles

From all of the above, it follows that to organize production PET bottlesIt is not necessary for such a big starting capital.

The main costs will go to the equipment.

If you believe the experts, the profitability of such a business is high enough, but only provided that the enterprise is properly organized.

In addition to major risks, you need to follow product quality.

Since even with well-established sales markets, no one wants to buy a poor-quality product.

The most important thing is that the entire container is the right form, and did not have a sharp smell.

You can expand business, producing eco-bottles.

They are beneficial to the fact that they will have more demand.

They are less harmful ecology, and this approach to life is now "in the trend".

The essence of the ecology of such PET bottles is that the wall thickness is slightly smaller than usual, due to which they are easier to recycle.

And the less thickness, the smaller the material is needed for the manufacture.

This is already beneficial to the owner itself, as it will reduce the cost of raw materials.

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Production of plastic bottles - profitable business. Manufacturing is most often in large volumes, as it benefits in great demand in the market. Such packaging is characterized by the fact that it is very convenient, cheap and profitable. Also available is a large selection of colors. Another plus can be considered that the product is processing.

In the market of implementation, every day the number of enterprises producing food, beverages, etc. Such growth increases the need for packaging containers. Plants engaged in the manufacture of PET bottles are not located in every city. And manufacturers often have to buy a container in neighboring regions, which, naturally, is very unprofitable.

This industry is very profitable in the market. Every day the need for the use of plastic containers is growing. However, it is not necessary to immediately count on a slight start, since this industry strengthens its position every year. Compared to the past century, when few could imagine that milk, carbonated drinks and other products will be implemented in PET packaging.

Due to the low cost of manufacture, such a type of business boldly displaces its competitors - glass "brothers". Also another plus can be considered resistance to wear and impact resistance. It simplifies its transportation, even for long distances.

Many factories stopped purchasing plastic containers from third-party persons. They are engaged in the manufacture of packaging themselves. It is very economy cash And the prospect of expansion appears, and the surplus obtained can be implemented.

What equipment to choose to produce plastic bottles

PET is used for the manufacture of plastic bottles. You can also call it - thermoplastic. It is not deformed, and when he repeated is not destroyed because PET is a hygroscopic polymer. With increasing temperature, water, which remained inside, hydrolyzes the polymer molecule. If this process occurs, the strength of the finished material is reduced. So that this does not happen - unnecessary moisture needs to be removed.

For the production of plastic containers need special equipment. One of the most important is the preform (a special small billet with a neck derived from the granules). It happens three types:

• with thick wall;
• with shortened;
• universal.

When using each type, bottles of different color and shape are obtained.

For production you can purchase equipment different types. The market is rich in a great range. Its value fluctuates from 400 rubles to several million. The price depends on the color, volume and other functions. It all depends on the budget of the novice entrepreneur.

Equipment equipment can be completely different. An ordinary machine includes:

Technology production of plastic bottles

In order to make a bottle, PET is exposed to high temperature. When a certain viscosity indicator is achieved, the resulting mixture is cooled. Then it is placed in a special form in which the steel rod is inserted. After that, the air begins to flow under pressure. Thus, it is possible to give a bottle shape. For stability, the bottom is made convex.

Production of PET bottles.

An important role is played by pressure, which is created in the process of manufacturing plastic containers. It should be the same. It can be achieved if you spend the minimum time on the process. The melt must distribute uniformly through the walls. Due to this, the risk of obtaining the deformation of the final product is reduced.

The cooling process occurs by blowing through the same air as when creating a bottle. Options for using liquid carbon dioxide are also possible. At the last stage, all defects are removed. Of the total amount of products released, a quarter is marriage and subjected to re-processing.

So, the production of PET bottles is conducted in three stages. To begin with, heats up the preform. The heating occurs in a special oven, which usually enters the configuration itself. And after the bottle itself is blowing.

Production can be:

Which is typical for the last species, the preform is much smaller in shape. This greatly simplifies the production and storage of products.

Profitability

Entrepreneurs engaged in the production of glass containers know that it is unprofitable to include a conveyor at low power, if the party is less than a million pieces. But the production of plastic products allows you to turn on the machine and for several thousand pieces.

Preforms for PET bottles.

If calculating how much a glass bottle and plastic weighs, then you can find out the difference in profits. It takes into account such aspects as transportation costs and the cost of buying raw materials. PET bottles are not fighting and do not require costs for transportation boxes. Also plastic is rich in a wide selection of colors. And to change the form, no cost and time will be required.

Where to start a business for plastic bottles

To start production there is no need to buy or shoot a large room, as small-sized machines. It will be enough average in the area (for more capacious equipment). But necessarily in the building should be good ventilation, and it should be heated, have water supply and electricity.

Standard requirements for the room:

• area - not less than 30 square meters;
• the ceiling height should be at least 4 meters;
• concrete floor or trimmed with tiles;
• walls covered with non-combustible material.

How much money is needed for the start of business for the production of plastic bottles

To begin with, you must at least half a million rubles for the start. The number of personnel is selected individually, but there are enough two or three people. Usually one on the machine. The number of purchased equipment should justify all suggestions and demand in the market. But if you begin production, then all costs at the initial stage will pay off in the next six months - a year.

Few people know that the equipment used requires a lot of electricity costs. Therefore, it is worth being ready for big accounts. If plastic bottles are used for products with a small shelf life, it is worth paying particular attention to the hygienic requirements for equipment.

Depending on the mass of the preform, costs may occur in manufacturing technology. Product high Quality, It is believed if the mass of a liter bottle is less than 35 grams. It is from this that the volume of your orders and the income of the production in general will be dependent.

How much can earn money

When organizing work in 2-3 shifts per month, you can produce 500,000 plastic bottles. The average cost of one plastic bottle is 6 rubles. Thus, during the month, the income of production will be 3 million rubles. From this amount, we subtract the costs (rent, acquiring the necessary raw materials, wage personnel, taxes, etc.), net profit will be from 800 to 900 thousand rubles.

Which OKVED must specify for the production of plastic bottles

When choosing code for its production, we appeal to the section "C" - processing production. It suits us code 22.2, which directly applies to the manufacture of various plastic products.

What documents are needed to open

Despite the fact that the law does not prohibit the production of plastic bottles individual entrepreneursBut, nevertheless, the best option will be the registration as a legal entity - a limited liability company. Despite the fact that it will take more time to register, but in this case the benefits will be in painless expansion of production and the possibility of working with large legal entities. For registration will be required:

• application for registration of a limited liability company and the decision of the meeting of shareholders about the opening of LLC;
• The charter of the company in which the initial capital and information about the director of the company and the main accountant are indicated.

In addition, it is necessary to provide information on the position of the Company's position (legal address), pay the state fee for consideration of the provided document package, discover the current account in the bank and become accounting to the relevant state bodies.

What taxation system to choose to produce plastic bottles

It is best to stay on a simplified, where you will need to pay 15% of net profit tax (income minus expenses). However, it will be necessary to provide confirmation of documentation on expenses incurred by the Company. If you choose a 6% tax on a simplified tax system, then providing these documents is not required.

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Investments: from 350,000 rubles

Payback: From 4 months

Imagine a business idea for the production of plastic bottles really with a small starting capital and even in little city. The demand for this product is significant. And if large enterprises usually provide PET themselves themselves, then small business representatives are more profitable to purchase finished products. The greatest interest in it occurs in summer timeWhen the population actively buys cool drinks. Consider how to properly organize the case in this area and we calculate possible costs.

Business concept

Every year, the demand for PET bottles in the Russian Federation increases by 8 percent. Tara is required not only for drinks. It is used for detergents, engine oils, other industrial liquids. Plastic bottles - demanded products. But the competition here is rather big, therefore it is not worth counting on instant payback.

If you decide to establish such production, first think about whom you will sell products. You target audience I can be:

• draft beer merchants;
• companies selling drinking water;
• farmers engaged in milk supplies;
• sellers of bottles near healing sources;
• realizers of detergents on bottling.

The beginners in production should cooperate with small entrepreneurs - large produce containers themselves. Potential partners are already looking for a business plan at the stage of making a business plan, because your income depends on sales.

What will required for implementation?

The basis of plastic containers - thermoplastic (PET). This polymer material is almost eternal, therefore, it can be subjected to multiple recycling. Actually, from old plastic bottles, turned into granules, and make new ones.

If you are going to run the case from the moment of processing, it will take equipment for converting used containers in preforms - blanks for future bottles. It is quite expensive, and at the initial stage, entrepreneurs prefer to buy ready-made preforms - universal, thick-walled or shortened. They allow you to get ready-made bottles of different shapes and sizes.

Also, when calculating the initial capital, the equipment-producer of equipment should be taken into account. Domestic I. chinese devices Cheaper. In addition, Western industrial complexes are usually designed for a large amount of production, they are used in large factories.

The minimum production kit should include a furnace, a press form, a device for blowing bottles and a compressor. Check that the latter has a system of protection against overheating of the bottle throat. A thread is already applied on the workpiece, and it cannot be damaged.

Making technology complexity is no different:

The rejection usually takes 15-20 percent of the container, it is again sent for processing.

Production premises can be rented away from the center. It must be at least 30 square meters, with high ceilings. For servicing a small workshop, three people will need for one shift - the senior master and two workers. You will also have to hire a driver with its own transport.

Accounting can be conducted by the help of relevant Internet resources. Invest in traditional advertising campaign for small production It does not make sense, enough business cards. Sources of sales will have to search on their own.

Step-by-step instruction launch

The discovery of such a production is advisable in the city, where such enterprises are not yet. Business will be cost-effective only in the absence of competitors under the side. In this case, you can create a business plan, given all possible costs and risks. After that, act step by step:

1. Communicate with possible suppliers of raw materials and potential buyers of products, first agree on deliveries.
2. Register officially in the tax authority as ltd. or IP. Beginner entrepreneurs choose this particular option with the taxation regime of USN "Revenues minus costs".
3. Purchase a cash register and register it.
4. Find a suitable room and take it for rent.
5. Check and install the equipment.
6. Purchase preforms and lids.
7. Create a website and agree on the supply of products.

It remains only to hire staff and run new production.

Financial calculations

The most costly articles are the purchase of preforms and electricity costs - it requires a lot to be produced. Calculate the initial and monthly investments and find out how quickly they will pay off.

Starting capital and monthly expenses

In the initial investments, not only the cost of equipment and raw materials should be included, but also rental with communal for the first month, as well as salary for the same period. So, how much do you need to accumulate to start:

Initial costs	Amount in rubles
Registration expenses	1000
Equipment (Machine for blowing bottles from 50,000, oven - from 7000, mold - from 25000, compressor - from 12000)	94000
Rental of premises for the first month with municipal services	25000
Cosmetic workshop and equipment installation	20000
The cost of the site and accounting for the year	10000
Purchase and registration of the cash register	20000
Salary (two senior masters - 48000, four handymen - 48000, driver - 18000)	110000
Unforeseen spending	20000
Purchase of raw materials and spending on fuel	50000

Total 350,000 rubles. Monthly expenses, excluding taxes, will consist of the costs of raw materials, communal and rent, salary and unforeseen spending. They will amount to 205,000 rubles.

How much can you earn and payback timing

For business profitability, it is necessary to give at least 6,000 bottles per day. If an enterprise begins to work in two shifts, it can produce 200,000 per month. The difference in the cost between the finished capacity and the average preform of 3 rubles. The final income excluding salaries, taxes and communal will be released 600,000 rubles.

A similar company pays off ideally for 4 months, but in reality, the deadlines are lengthened and amount to about a year.

Advantages and Possible Risks

It is clear that in a remote village such a business is unprofitable - there are no wishing to acquire plastic bottles in a large volume. But if the village is located near the megapolis, consider such a business idea is quite possible.

Let us analyze other advantages and possible risks of the opening of such production:

Back at the business plan, take a seasonality of demand. In the summer, it is several times higher than in winter.

If you correctly approach the development of this idea, then the production of plastic bottles can be done well. At first, the income may be lower than expected. We need patience and additional means for the safety net.

Thanks to the strength and small weight, Pat confidently displaces other types of packaging materials from the market. Glass bottle Today it is already practically not used for bottling beer, mineral water, milk, vegetable oil or juice, and PVC, cardboard or polystyrene is significantly inferior to polyethylene terephthalate in practicality and safety for consumer health.

Production of plastic bottles - a business that a novice entrepreneur can create with relatively small attachments in any settlementin which there is a demand for similar products. Large companies, producing drinks in large volumes, most often produce packaging yourself, however, there are also small oils, milkwater, farm farmsSalesmen spill beer And kvass who need Pet Tara and are ready to buy it regularly.

Business features

Entrepreneurs who consider, among other advantages, can note the availability of technological lines for the manufacture of PET Tara: Unlike machine to produce glass products, such equipment is located on a free area of \u200b\u200b20-30 m², and two or three people successfully cope with its service. .

Of course, requirements for the quality of products (especially used in the food industry) are consistently high: to avoid the appearance of marriage, it is necessary to study the production technology of PET bottles, carefully configure the processing modes of the workpieces, set special filters to avoid incoming oil and contaminated air, as well as With adequate attention, please treat the choice of suppliers of raw materials.

Before purchasing a technological line at the stage of developing a business plan for the production of a plastic bottle, it is recommended to find out the needs of future customers and determine the range of products of the enterprise: existing machines have limitations on the capacity of products. For example, on a universal semiautomatic machine, a container can be made with a volume of 0.2 to 7 liters, whereas for the production of 19-liter cylinders requires several other equipment.

The main method of processing plastic is heating with subsequent deformation, so the manufacture of PET containers is accompanied by increased power consumption: depending on the performance of the line, the total power of the machines can reach 25-50 kW. Accordingly, the entrepreneur will have to at least make sure that the workshop wiring will endure such loads, and in some cases it is to pave an additional power cable.

Business plan

Despite the marked complexity, the production of plastic bottles is a perspective view: the technology of processing polymeric materials is constantly being improved, and the Pet Tara consumption market increases annually by 7-8%.

Since the organization of such production is accompanied by sufficiently impressive investments in the purchase of equipment and raw materials, a beginner entrepreneur must first of all need to develop a business plan - a project containing not only the description technological processes and product sales channels, but also a strategy for the development of the enterprise, the main goals and objectives. As part of this document, consider:

• The structure of demand and market situation. It is possible that several enterprises producing similar products already operate in this region, and the main consumers or have their own lines for the manufacture of PET bottles, or buy a container from large suppliers at a wholesale price. In any case, without analytical work it is impossible to determine the scale of production, the range of products manufactured and the necessary amounts of capital investment;
• Production issues. Based on information about the structure and nature of demand, the premises are most suitable for creating an enterprise, to choose the desired configuration and capacity of the equipment, to develop a plan for personnel, designate basic and secondary business processes;
• Profitability and payback period of investments. Currently, competition in the field of plastic bottles is high enough, and therefore many manufacturers of PET containers work with a minimal level of profitability.

In order to calculate the yield and payback periods of the enterprise, it is necessary to take into account all the initial data - the cost of purchasing raw materials, the market price for products, the average salary level in the region, the cost of renting the premises and even the percentage percentage of marriage.

Raw materials for production PET bottles

The main raw material for the production of PET bottles is polyethylene terephthalate (also known as PET or Loven), which is granulated in industrial conditions Thermopolymer. PET popularity is due to its resistance to weak acids and alkalis, fats, gasoline and alcohols. As a packaging material, PET has other advantages:

• Low weight enough volumetric packaging;
• The possibility of wide use due to chemical neutrality;
• Wear resistance, durability and lack of fragility;
• High transparency, ability to stain in any color.

The main disadvantage of the material is reduced barrier properties. Simply put, over time, carbon dioxide from a bottle can go out, and oxygen - penetrate inside.

However, the granules produce blacks, and the so-called preforms are intermediate blanks resembling thread test tubes. Since the line on casting preform is quite expensive, and the raw materials for the production of plastic bottles in Russia have to import, many businessmen prefer to buy such semi-finished products and with the help of simple equipment to produce containers as close as possible to the consumer.

The preforms are classified by the main scope - for bottling:

• Mineral water or carbonated drinks;
• Juices and juice drinks;
• Milk, kefir;
• Beer and alcohol containing drinks;
• Cold tea;
• Vegetable oil;
• Detergents, shampoos, household chemicals.

By weight

The mass of the workpiece determines the thickness of the walls of the bottle, as well as its end volume. For spill of drinks containing carbon dioxide, the strength of the packaging should be increased, so manufacturers of beer and carbonated water use more severe preforms. On average, for the manufacture of a bottle of 0.33 liters, a preform of 20-23 g is needed, for a liter - from 25 to 32 g, for a capacity of 1.5 liters - from 35 to 42 g, for a two-liter container - from 45 to 56.

By geometric characteristics:

• Universal;
• Shortened;
• Tolstown.

In the production of bottles most often use universal preform. When weighing in 42 g, such a billet has a length of 148 mm and the wall thickness up to 3 mm.

By type of neck and thread:

• BPF or PCO (water, carbonated drinks, beer);
• Oil (olive and vegetable oil, vinegar)
• Bericap (paints, detergents, household chemicals).
• 38 (milk, kefir).

Methods of production

The classic manufacturing technology of plastic bottles is based on the molding of the product internal spill. Such a two-step process includes:

• Casting preforms on the thermoplace. PET granules are heated to plasticization and the resulting viscous composition under high pressure Fill stainless steel matrices. At this stage, the neck is formed and the technological transport ring, located slightly below the thread;
• Blowing out bottles. The preform is heated in the furnace before softening, and then fed into the billet air - the bottle is inflated and becomes the final form. Nelyushko in the avoidance of deformations at the same time is intensively cooled.

Due to the presence of two stages of equipment suppliers for the production of PET bottles, it was possible to combine the configuration of technological lines. Accordingly, the company can use:

• Single phase process. In this configuration, the thermoplace and the blowing machine are included in one production chain - it is enough to load into the PET granules machine to obtain finished products as a result;
• Two-phase process. In this case, the finished form after casting is sent to the warehouse or manually moves to the fusion bucket of the blower. This solution is more flexible because it is 12-20 times to store the workpiece. less placeThan the final product is much easier and cheaper. In addition, several different products can be obtained from one preform, and in a single-phase process, such a change in the range implies the complete reconfiguration of the entire line.

It should be noted that the raw materials used for the production of plastic bottles can be both secondary - defective or used bottles are crushed on crushers and sent to the bunker of the thermoplace. Preforms from Resellers are much cheaper, but they cannot be used in the manufacture of food containers and to blow out thin-walled products with a complex pattern.

Production technology

Obviously, the stages of manufacturing PET containers are separate non-benefit processes. It is this circumstance that allows entrepreneurs who choose which production is profitable to open in 2020, at the initial stage, it is limited to the acquisition of machines only for blowing out, purchasing ready-made preforms different species as raw materials.

When buying the equipment involved in the production of PET, the price of the line and its components will depend on the manufacturer, brand, power, the availability of additional options and service. However, the basic principles of operation of machines will not change - the process of manufacturing the container will include:

• Download preforms to the furnace. At this stage, the quality of the blanks are controlled, check them for defects and placed on the receiver of the heating node;
• Heat. The preforms move through the furnace, rotate around their axis and are evenly heated, becoming soft enough to blow out the bottle. In order for the temperature to leveled through the wall thickness and reached a value of 110 ° C, after exiting the preforms in the air for some time is kept in air;
• Blowing out Preheated preform fix in an open mold. Then the second part of the matrix closes, and the special steel rod, descended into the preform, pre-stretches it down to the height of the finished product. At the same time, air under pressure is supplied inside the workpiece - the preform is inflated and covers the entire available internal volume of the mold. From contact with metal plastic is instantly cooled and hardens. After that, you can lift the rod and open the matrix to remove the finished product.

Equipment

Technological lines for the production of PET bottles from preforms are offered both in semi-automatic and automatic configuration. In the first embodiment, the feeding of the workpieces into the working area and the unloading of finished products is carried out manually, and in the second these functions are performed by conveyors and manipulators. Automation of processes is advisable when integrating equipment for the production of plastic bottles in the line of filling of finished products: Thus, the influence of the human factor is completely excluded. In combination with an increased productivity (3000-4000 products per hour), the blowing machines are characterized by a high price (1.5-1.8 million rubles), so for novice entrepreneurs, the purchase of a semi-automatic is more preferable. The list of plastic bottles of machines and fixtures in this case may look like this:

• Press forms. Composite matrices are made of stainless steel, the inner surface of which repeats the shape and dimensions of the finished product. For each type and volume of the bottle, a separate model is applied - respectively, an enterprise producing a wide range of products uses several dozen different molds in the process;
• Air compressor. It is used to supply air under pressure to the machine for the production of plastic bottles. A typical model with a capacity of 12.5 kW creates a pressure of 16-25 atmospheres and is capable of issuing up to 500 liters of air per minute.

Semiautomatic blowing. Produces ready-made products from preheated blanks by blowing in molds and subsequent cooling. Good equipment:

1. Prevents oil from the air in the product;
2. When revelation, it cools the neck with a thread, preventing the appearance of deformation;
3. Equipped with water cooling of the mold;
4. Allows you to shoot ready-made bottles without touching their internal surfaces;
5. Cleans the air with filters, preventing the appearance of smell from finished products.

Equipment performance for the manufacture of plastic bottles in semi-automatic mode - from 1000 products per hour with bottles capacity from 0.2 to 5 liters. Power consumption - 0.1 kW.

Preform heating furnace. Used to heat the blanks to a temperature at which plastic softened. The heating elements are nichrome spirals placed in quartz tubes. Commitable to the furnace options are the rotation of the preforms and the presence of zone heating, which allows to obtain different temperatures along the length of the workpiece (minimum - in the neck area). When performing from 1000 products per hour, power consumption is 9.6 kW.

Water cooler of closed water supply. Constructively represents an aggregate, cooling to 5-15 ° C water used to control the temperature of molds and finished products. Power consumption - from 2.3 kW.

The composition of the technological line

Requirement for the room

Even with a small scale of the production of plastic bottles, the plant is recommended to be placed in the industrial zone away from residential buildings, since the work of the workshop is accompanied by noise of mechanisms and the smell of hot plastic. Taking into account the small need for production areas, it is advisable not to buy, but to rent a room that meets the following requirements:

• The total area is at least 50 m²;
• The height of the ceilings before the overlap is at least 4 m;
• In the workshop, engineering communications should be present - water supply, sewage, as well as a voltage line 220/380 V and a capacity of 25-30 kW (cable with a cross section of at least 10 mm² per phase).

The space of the workshop must be divided by stationary partitions on:

• Production zone;
• Warehouses for preforms;
• Warehouse premises for finished products;
• Administrative premises;
• Bathroom.

Due to the fact that the manufacture of plastic bottles involves the work of high-temperature equipment, in the production zone should ensure compliance with the rules of fire safety - do not storage of combustible and flammable materials, to bore the floor and walls with heat-resistant materials or concrete.

Staff

For servicing a small semi-automatic line of production of plastic bottles, three people are needed: a wizard engaged in setting up equipment and controlling production processes, directly the operator of the machine, as well as a rigorous worker, in the conduct of the movement of raw materials and finished products, loading and unloading and auxiliary operations.

Staffing company schedule

Financial investments and profits

As a business, the production of plastic bottles requires investments not only in the preparation of the premises and the purchase of equipment: the entrepreneur will also have to acquire the first batch of raw materials (preforms) and invite specialists to configure the operating modes of the technological line. In addition, to stimulate sales, taking into account the possibilities of modern marketing tools It is advisable to order the development and promotion of the company's representation on the Internet.

Initial investment

Accounting in business production plan PET bottles value current expenses determined not only constant costs (remuneration, rental of premises), but also variables (payment of electricity, purchase of raw materials). To calculate the maximum values, it should be assumed that the workshop works in one shift (8 hours) with full load within a month (25 working days).

Current expenses

Name	Amount, rub.
Insurance premiums IP	2300
Rent shop	25000
Foundation for labor	90800
Payment of electricity 5000 kW per month	30000
Administrative expenses	5000
Fare	10000
Marketing	10000
Tax deductions	12000
Purchase of preforms	720000
TOTAL:	905100

When performing a line of 1000 products per hour, the total volume of products issued for the month will be 200,000 pieces (190000 pieces, taking into account the permissible marriage of 5%). Calculate economic indicators It is possible on the example of PET bottles with a capacity of 1.5 l:

• Standard Weight Preform - 35-38 g;
• Wholesale price of the preform - 3.55-3.70 rubles (on average 3.60 rubles);
• Wholesale price of a colorless bottle - 4.95 rubles, brown - 5.10-5.30 rubles (on average 5.15 rubles).

The monthly turnover of the enterprise in the implementation of 190,000 products at a price of 5.15 rubles per piece will be 978,500 rubles, and net profit - 73,400 rubles at a profitability of 8%. The payback period of capital investments is 22 months.

Obviously, in the manufacture of plastic bottles, the price of the preform and the cost of the finished product are determining, so many enterprises are trying to receive additional profits by increasing turnover. In this case, this task is solved using the purchase of the second semiautoma of blowing (the design of the furnace allows for operation simultaneously with two machines).

Video on the topic

Benefits and Disadvantages of Business

Entrepreneurs who choose what business to do in 2020 in Russia, when analyzing its preferences, not only the required value should be guided starting capital, potential market capacity and complexity of technological processes: any method of obtaining income is characterized by a set of specific advantages and disadvantages, often determining the prospects for one or another direction of activity. TO positive sides Business at the production of PET containers can be attributed as follows:

• In the absence of an alternative in the foreseeable future, plastic bottles will remain the most popular packaging;
• PET is easily disposed of, so that you can open production for the processing of plastic bottles and receive preforms from recycling;
• There are a large number of manufacturers of preforms, so you can always find good quality billets at an adequate price;
• Thanks to a huge number existing species Business packaging can be expanded due to the range, without an increase in production areas;
• For the organization of the enterprise, large rooms are not needed;
• Due to the low weight of Tara transportation costs will be minimal.

Of course, the production of PET bottles - business, also having certain disadvantages:

• It is necessary to carefully monitor the quality of products, control the absence of marriage, turbidity, outsiders;
• If the city already has an enterprise that implements PET bottles will have to look for a free niche or refuse to implement a business idea;
• Consequence of the previous drawback - the difficulty in search experienced specialist For adjustment of the equipment or the need for his learning.

conclusions

The method of manufacturing PET containers from preforms looks simple, understandable and worked out to the smallest detail: it is enough to heat the workpiece to a certain temperature and supply inside the air under pressure. Entrepreneurs who are interested in business at the production of plastic bottles, video material will help to make a more complete picture of the main technological processes.

It should be noted that in reality, many factors affect the quality of finished products - right choice Heating mode, initial and final blowing pressure, the rate of lowering the tensile stock: with a low level of profitability, the error or inaccuracy in setting up the equipment can increase the percentage of marriage and turn the enterprise to the unprofitable. Therefore, an entrepreneur needs to equally pay attention not only to minimizing related costs, but also the technical component of production.