Growing Shiitake at home technology. What mushrooms are more profitable for home business: shiitake or cherry. We make blocks for Shiitake

To date, on the global volume of production of mushrooms, Shiitake is in the second honorable place, yielding only to familiar champignons. Unfortunately, in Russia this species has not yet received such widespread as in other civilized countries. Nevertheless, armed with the desire and simple instructions from this article, each vegetable breeding can independently master the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms.

Preparing a substrate for sowing mycelium

For the cultivation of Shiitake, it is better not suitable for solid segments of wood like hemp or chumbachkov, but a finely chopped wood substrate. Thus, the mushroom mycelium will receive a sufficient amount of oxygen and develop faster.

The nutrient medium is prepared from sliced \u200b\u200bwith a garden chopper choser or freshly prepared twigs with a diameter of no more than four centimeters. For this, the following breeds are suitable: Willow, oak, alder, apple trees, birch, aspens, yellow acacia, pears and many other deciduous trees. However, the perfect option is still oak sawdust or chips. At the same time, the magnitude of individual grains should be from two millimeters to two centimeters.

The prepared substrate is better immediately to put into the case, but you can also be dried in a Russian furnace or in the oven and send it to storage.

For every 1.5 kilogram of dry wood and 2.2 kilograms of freshly cut branches, it is useful to make 100 grams of barley grain and 10 grams of chalk. Barley can also be replaced with wheat grain or barley.

Wood waste laid three liters into the bank volume, slightly sealing each of their layer. As soon as the carnie can remain from two to four centimeters, boiling water is poured into it (in order to disinfect). After a couple of hours, the water is drained, and the jars with wood are kept at room temperature for another 24 hours.

During this period, fresh disputes of bacteria and mold fungi appear in the woody mass, with the destruction of which the last thermal processing should perfectly cope. To do this, the remains of the liquid accumulated in it are drained from the bank, they cover it with a neck of several layers of gauze and put it in the oven, heated to 80-110 degrees, by 2.5-3 hours.

As soon as the bank cools, the upper sins are slightly moistened with boiled water of the usual temperature (from 1 to 1.5 teaspoon). Then, 20-25 grams of grain or 40-50 grams of substrate Michelia Shiitake are displayed on the surface of the wood with a disinfected boiling water spoon. Mycelium is slightly ground into the substrate with the same spoon.

The jar is planted with a hole with a hole with a diameter of 1 centimeter (the hole is closed by a piece of medical sterile patch). After 7 days, the plaster breaks down, and in the hole sticks the piece of sterile wool into the roll. If you do not fulfill the last action, the mosquito mosquitoes can be climbed into the bank and spoil its contents.

Incubation and pasture mushrooms

In this form, the substrate should stand in a warm place for two months. Through the glass cans conveniently monitor the development of mycelium. The completion of the incubation is evidenced by the growth of mycelium for the entire internal volume of banks, as well as the lightening of the substrate itself (it is also possible to appear small brownish specks on it).

Ripe mycelium moved to polyethylene bags of 20 to 35 centimeters, or 25 to 40 centimeters. Packages are tightly closed (by twisting them at the top) and again clean it in heat.

A week later, the top of the package is unpacking and placed in it the trimming of the old hose with a diameter of 2.5-3 centimeters and 4-5 centimeters long. Through this hole to the substrate will constantly flow fresh air. Just do not forget to cover the hole again with a sterile vat-cork so that pests do not get to the substrate. Keep in mind that the upstream is more actively if the packages with the fungne are in a vertical position, cotton plug up.

Over the next two weeks of staying in heat, woody chips are growl into a single monolith and are strongly compacted. By this time, a piece of substrate usually cover the alignments of mycelium, by type reminiscent grains of pop root. Immediately after this, the development of the fruit bodies in the form of solid black beans (so-called priority) begins. Then you need to move blocks into a suitable place for fruiting. D.

If, after three weeks in the blocks, dark tubercans did not appear, it is possible to stimulate their formation using cold shock. This is done as follows: The substrate in packages is transferred to the cold (from 0 to +10 degrees) space for a period of at least three days. Then the blocks are pulled out of polyethylene, put it in heat (at a temperature of +15 to +25 degrees) and throw a piece of film from above. In a day - another film is cleaned, and the substrate is transferred to the place prepared for fruiting.

Note that the blocks do not have such signs of the emerging mold, like blue or dirty green spots.

Where and how best to grow shiitake

For the best fruiting Shiitake, it is necessary to provide the following conditions: ambient temperature - +15 ... 18 degrees, relative humidity of air - from 80 to 90%, the duration of the light day is at least 10 hours. It is also desirable that the place to be left under the cultivation of mushrooms has been protected from the winds of all directions and the southern sun. Thus, the best mushrooms will feel in the shade of garden buildings or under the visor of a garden barn.

For Shiitaka, the place is also well suited under the shadow of shadowish plants.

A more abundant harvest of mushrooms will provide you to growing shiitake under a specially equipped canopy. Such a canopy is usually placed under the crown of garden trees. To give the design of stability, install the frame in the garden from the old greenhouse. One side is made from agrofiber or any other non-woven material, and the remaining three do from usually films. On the greenhouse cover, place the segments of the slate, dark film or any other material that does not pass the straight sun rays.

Before setting blocks to the prepared place, pull them out of the packages and thoroughly blow the cool water from the hose. When growing shiitake in a closed room, the substrate with mycelium irrigated from the sprayer once a day, and if the blocks stand on the street - two or three times in day. In the house from the greenhouse, the blocks themselves are sprayed, but the film walls.

To stimulate the growth of shiitake in an open position to each block with mycelium, you can sample a spacious package.

The first crop of mushrooms matures on the second-third week after the excavation of blocks from the packages. Only hats are cut off in mushrooms, gently turn on the legs with the root.

After that, blocks with untouched mycelium crust should be put in the pool or a shallow pond for moisturizing. Two - three days, the mushroom blocks are turned over to another side, and that they do not unfold in an arbitrary order, the weight of the carnation is fixed to their lower part. In general, it is necessary to saturate the block moisture in such a way that its final weight is 35-65% more initial (that is, if the substrate has weighed a 1.5 kilogram in a bag before the first wave, then after moistening, the weight should already be from 2 to 2, 5 kilograms).

Moisturized blocks are returned to the previous place and after two or four weeks they begin to be fron with a new force. For one mushroom season you can see from five to six such harvest waves. Mushroom harvest is completed when the blocks begin to disintegrate into parts. From such residues, you can make an excellent fertilizer suitable for all garden plants.

By the way, did you know that Shiitake can grow even in water? For this, the blocks simply leave in the pool, pool, barrel or in any other reservoir one of the sides down for about a week, before the formation of the first fasteners of the fruit bodies. Then they turn the wet side up and after a week - one and a half on its surface appear the first hats of young mushrooms, and in a couple of days it will be possible to start the harvest.

Of course, Shiitake can be grown on the stump (although this method is less damned). But if you choose this particular option, you will certainly look at the following video.

In this article, we will tell you in detail how to grow Mushrooms Shiitake, which is needed for this, and on which profit can be counting.

Create conditions for growing Shiitake or Japanese mushroom just enoughSince it is unpretentious in care and is not demanding to temperature and humidity.

This allows you to accommodate almost any room, whether it is a garage, a basement, an attic, a barn or even a living room.

In addition, Shiitake can be grown in a greenhouse - Here to create the necessary conditions is even easier. The room should have an area in at least 20 square meters, must be equipped with heating and ventilation.

Where to take mycelium shiitake

Mycelium - It is sowing material, that is, what the mushrooms will appeal later. On average, one kilogram of mycelium is enough for the cultivation of two-three kilograms of mushrooms, and sometimes more: as a rule, yield is about 30-40 percent of the substrate volume, that is, nutrient material.

You can buy mycelium in specialized stores, on the Internet, as well as on large mushroom farms, which, among other things, produce and sowing material for sale. Of course, you can grow mycelium yourself, but this is a rather laborious process, and the technology is very complex, so mycelium is easier to buy, especially since it is even more profitable with small volumes of production.

It is best to store bought mycelium in the refrigerator: At temperatures from 0 to 5 degrees, the seed material can be stored until six months, whereas at a temperature of about 20 degrees - no more than three weeks.

What you need to pay attention to the purchase of mycelium

Mycelium must have a pronounced mushroom smell. If it has an unpleasant sour smell, packaging can be thrown out. Externally, mycelium should look homogeneous and possess uniform white color.

Shiitake Mushrooms: Growing

The preparation of the substrate for the Japanese mushroom completely depends on how you will be it - on straw, in the stump (trunks) or in sawdust.

Technology of growing mushrooms Shiitake in barrels

The stumps of solid tree species are optimally suitable: oak, beech, horn, chestnut and others. You can use both hemp and trunks.

The trunks are cut into sections of 40 centimeters in length, after which they need to boil within one hour - this will allow not only to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, but also moisturize wood: at the time of sewage of the mushroom colony, its humidity should be about 35-60 percent.

In the cuts at a distance of at least 7-9 centimeters from each other, several small holes for 6-7 centimeters depth and about one centimeter in diameter should be drilled. Mycelium is laid in these holes, after which the holes are cleaned with a moistened wool. Sometimes mycelium for this method of cultivation is sold in the form of wooden chops. In this case, it is enough to safely score a chopper into the hole.

The temperature in the room where it will be, should vary from 15-16 degrees during the daytime to 10-11 to the night. On the trunks, the Japanese mushroom can live for several years, up to the full depletion of wood.

How to grow shiitak on straw

Oatmeal or barley straw must be boiled within two hours to reduce to the minimum risk of contamination of the colony with other mushrooms or bacteria. After that, the straw must be filled into the container, alternating layers with mycelium.

The resulting mixture is necessary to decompose on polyethylene packages - approximately 4-6 kilograms per packet.

In the packages you need to do ventilation holes, and then put in a container with water under the press so that the packages do not float, and the substrate with mycelium was in the water all the time.

When mushrooms start germinate (about a couple of weeks), packets are removed from the water and cut. In the future, the straw will need to be regularly moistened, not allowing dryness.

Growing technology Shiitake in sawdust

Mycelium is planted into blocks of approximately 2.5-3 liters. To prepare one such block, it is necessary about one kilogram of wood sawdust. Sawdust should be large enough, preferably solid wood.

Coniferous rocks better avoidSince the high resin content in sawdust will not allow the fungal to develop normally.

Sawdust need to boil within one hourAnd then mix with bran or feed for improving nutritional qualities. After that, the mixture is poured through containers (you can use wooden boxes), where the mushrooms are settled.

Then the blocks need to be covered with a polyethylene film and leave for about five days at a temperature of 20-22 degrees Celsius. When the mushrooms are sprouting, the temperature should be reduced to 17-18 degrees during the daytime and up to 13-15 to the night.

In such blocks, the mushroom colony can exist on average for about six months, after which it is necessary to prepare a new mixture and plant mushrooms again.

Costs and profits

The cost of breeding of the Japanese mushroom is minimal: You will need to purchase enough of the amount of mycelium, as well as everything that is required to create a substrate. The amount of investment will not exceed 200 dollars.

Shiitake - Delicious mushroom, its price is about $ 20-25 per kilogram. Net profit will be about 750-900 dollars per month with minimal labor costs.

As you can see, Shiitake at home is very profitable. This business is perfect for both beginners and experienced entrepreneurs.

Shiitake is one of the most popular among artificially cultivated mushrooms. It is especially loved in the countries of Southeast Asia and above all in Japan and China. This mushroom is very fond of not only gourmets for its excellent taste, but also mushrooms for high yield and relative ease of cultivation. In Russia, Shiitake is also known, but is inferior to the popularity of champignons and oyster. In other words, competition among its manufacturers in our country is not very high.

Mushroom Shiitake (more correct transcription - Siitaka) is also known as Japanese Forest Mushroom and Lentinlah Edible.

Shiitake has medium sizes: a hat from five to twenty centimeters in diameter, has a brown or coffee color. Convex cap shape, or slightly flattered. The outer skin is littered with small bright flakes. Old mushrooms of the edge of the hat are uneven and bent.

From the bottom side of the hat covered with white plates, which are darkened during damage, taking a brown tint. The leg is also brown, but always noticeably brighter caps. Its length ranges from three to nineteen centimeters with an average diameter around a centimeter.

The pulp has a light cream or yellow-whitish tint, as well as a pleasant taste (even in the raw form) and the smell. In the hat flew fleshy, in the leg significantly more rigid and fibrous.

In the natural environment, Japanese Shiitakes are found in deciduous and mixed forests in Japan, Korea, North China and Russian Primorye. These are typical Saprotrophs living on the dead tree trunks, especially preferring Kastanopsis Pozdockone, Mongolian Oak and Amur Lip. Small group of Shiitake appear after the rains throughout the warm season.

On the territory of the Russian Federation Shiitake is found only in Primorye, so it is useless to seek it outside the region in principle. In the very Primorye, only three types of mushrooms are growing, which theoretically can be confused with Shiitake. We are talking about mushrooms of the shampignon race - dark red, forest and august. They have a similar color gamut and scales on the hats.

An experienced mushroom will never confuse Shiitake with champignons, if only because Japanese forest mushroom grows only on dead wood, and said champignons - on the ground. They also differ from their fertility. Champignons appear in summer and autumn, and Shiitake is available to collect in the spring.

However, even if the novice mushroom nevertheless confuse Shiitake with champignons, there will be no big trouble from this, so all these mushrooms are edible.

The Japanese Forest Mushroom is deserved considered to be the leader in taste characteristics among all artificially cultivated fungi. According to taste, it is often compared even with Borovik. In Korean, Chinese and Japanese cuisine Shiitake is hardly the main mushroom.

Japanese mushroom shows itself in any fungal dishes and is amenable to all types of culinary processing. In Asian cuisines, the manufacture of dried shiitake powder is very common, followed by using it in soups. Skiitake dried surprisingly preserve a natural aroma, so as an aromatic seasoning is simply great. However, when drying, these mushrooms are noticeably losing their taste, so many Japanese gourmets prefer them only in fresh form.

It should be noted that Shiitaka tastes a little with the slicer, and this often scares unusual to such Europeans. But with heat treatment, a significant part of this sharpness goes, so it is impossible to count quite exotic taste.

No less widespread use, these mushrooms found in folk and modern medicine. Over the centuries, they were used as a rejuvenating agent, which, among other things, strengthens men's potency. Applied Shiitake and directly for therapeutic purposes: to reduce the temperature during hot and for cleansing blood from slags.

In the modern world, it also finds widespread use of medical purposes. With it, they are struggling against viral infections, heart disease and stomach. In addition, Shiitake helps to reduce blood sugar and cholesterol cleavage in vessels.

The big use of Shiitaka manifests itself in cosmetology medicine, where funds are made to combat some skin diseases.

Growing Shiitake at home

The Japanese and the Chinese are grown by Shiitaka on the lamps, which is a certain extent relative to this technique with growing oyster. But there are significant differences here. Firstly, Mycelium Shiitake is growing significantly slower than mushroom mushrooms, which complicates the fight against mold, competing with the mushroom.

Secondly, the bench's fruiting provoke a decrease in temperature, which must imitate the coming of autumn, and Shiitake begins to be fruit after irrigation of "Circling" than the rainy season is simulated. Thus, although the cultivation of shiitake and requires an accurate following the special technology, it is easier to grow it easier than an oyshmy for which the climatic control system will be required.

There are two approaches to growing shiitake - intense (industrial) and amateur. The industrial method can significantly reduce the crop maturation and provides thermal processing of the sawing substrate. Fruiting at the same time comes through the room with an adjustable temperature.

With an amateur method, mushrooms are trying to follow the common canvas of the industrial method, but using sweater materials and forcedly neglecting sterility at some stages.

The base for the nutrient substrate is formed from oak, maple or beech sawdust. Also allowed olhovy, birch, topoly, aspen solids, in exceptional cases and other types of trees. Communted coniferous trees are completely unsuitable for growing mushrooms.

You should also pay attention to the size of sawdust: optimally two to three millimeters. Smaller sawdust makes the air exchange in the substrate, which is why the development of the mushroom slows down. But too large sawdust should not be taken, since the increase in oxygen content turns the substrate into a favorable environment for the development of competitive organisms.

To speed up the growth of mycelium and increase yields, sawdust is diluted with nutritional additives. This role usually take grain or bran wheat and barley, bean flour, or other organic waste of this type. Also, the substrate is mixed with plaster or chalk to maintain optimal acidity in it. In general, all these additives can have from 10 to 40% of the substrate.

After entering into sawdust all additional components, the substrate is thoroughly stirred and then water is added to ensure the humidity of the nutrient medium at no less than 55%. However, the main difficulty is to create optimal conditions for growing Shiitake, without allowing development in the substrate of mold and other competitive organisms. To combat them before inoculation, mycelium substrate is sterilized or pasteurization. Only after that, mycelium is placed in the disinfected and cooled mixture.

Typically, the substrate is sterling with the help of autoclaves, pre-packaging it into bags. But there are alternative methods when the substrate first sterilize the whole mass, give it to cool, they are inoculated, and then put in bags. True in this case will have to do everything in sterile conditions, which will require additional costs.

By the way about bags. It is best to use dense polyethylene packages with a volume of one or six liters. By placing inoculated myceliums in them, they are closed and sealed with a plug out of wool and gauze, through which air will circulate.

Inoculation, that is, sowing mycelium, it is necessary to produce only in a sterile substrate and only in the conditions of a special sterile boxing to avoid competing competitive organisms that develop faster than Mushnitsa Shiitake. It is important that the substrate temperature at the moment of inoculation amounted to at least 20 and not more than 30 degrees Celsius.

The properties of the Shiitake fungus are such that the mycelium is better to germinate in a wheat or barley grain. By the time of inoculation, this planting material is tightly surchased blocks. For this reason, the grain blocks before inoculation are needed back to separate grains. The emergence rate of infected with mycelium grains ranges from two to five percent of the total mass of the substrate.

After sowing mycelium, it develops indoors with room temperature for 6-10 weeks, after which the substrate formed into dense lumps and the substrate has been taken out of polyethylene, transferred to a cooler and wet room, where they leave in such a nude. Vintage from these blocks is obtained for three to six months.

Amateur technology

Since grown Shiitak mushroom at home, it is impossible to achieve complete sterility, the performance of amateur technology is much lower than industrial.

The substrate is done using all the same sawdust or chips of hardwood wood. It is also recommended to use standard types of additives, the benefit of it is not difficult. The substrate mixture must be packaged into agricultural packages. Agril is a special "breathable" material designed to cover the beds in the garden.

Then these packages should be placed in hot water for 10-15 minutes, after which pasteurization is performed: at a temperature of 60 degrees, the mixture is withstanding about a day and three more days at 50 degrees. After the substrate is cooled, it is removed from the packages and placed in sterilized 3-liter banks, after inoculing by mycelium. Banks seal with cotton cork.

Banks with an inoculated substrate are left to overgrow mycelium at temperatures from seventeen to twenty-two degrees for two months. After that, the mixture must be renewed again and return to breathable packages, leaving so for two weeks. During this time, mycelium will form a dense block from the substrate to soak in water for several hours (up to day). After that, in two weeks, the first mushrooms should appear.

Lentinlah edible ( Lentinula Edodes)- This is a lamellar mushroom growing on a tree. Its light or dark brown hat in diameter reaches 30 centimeters. It is attached on a white fibrous leg, cylindrical shape. Shiitake can be translated as "mushroom with a widecatural tree." The zone of its grieving is Japan, China, Korea. "Black Forest Mushroom" can be called one of the main ingredients of most dishes of South-East Asia. Studies revealed a large number of useful and medicinal elements in it. Growing Mushrooms Shiitake Outdoors takes from 180 to 360 days, in the greenhouse, the ripening time is significantly lower.

Business organization at home

The name of the cultivated culture indicates the features of the selection of soil - it serves to shiitak wood. For growing mushrooms in its own section, you can choose intense or extensive methods. Growing one harvest in conditions approached natural, takes from six months to a year. At the same time, each, involved in the landing square meter rotten, wet wood will bring 250 kg of a delicacy mushroom every year.

Mushrooms Shiitake freely tolerate frosts up to -25 ° C. At the occasion of spring, the place of the mushroom landing should be covered with a film for early warming and maintain the necessary moisture of the dead wood.

The optimal moisture content of the substrate is 60%, with increasing or decreasing this indicator, the yield of the mushroom is dropping.

The cultivation of the Japanese mushroom on the trunks of the fiddled wood with a disposable messenge substrate in the trunk is more profitable. The fruction of the mushroom will last from 3 to 5 seasons. Regardless of where fungi landing will be, in a horizontal or vertical position, tiers or one-row, maintain temperature and humidity needed.

The intensive method for which special conditions for pasting mushrooms are required, reduces the aging period of up to 1-2 months. The method of accelerated germination requires strict maintenance of the temperature and humidity of the soil (substrate). After the first growth, the fruction of the mushrooms lasts a few more weeks. Only yield with intense distillation is no more than 20%, despite the fact that the soil serves sawing of hardwood trees and residues after grain throat.

Attention! Softwood wood are not used to grow mushrooms. The optimal choice of substrate or scrabble for landing mycelium Shiitake is oak, male, beech.

What mushrooms are more profitable for home business: shiitake or cherry

Growing cherries and shiitake on the landslides of the deciduous trees, which began decomposition from high humidity, is similar only at first glance. Daily air fluctuations in the middle lane of Russia are not scary for the Korean forest mushroom. Fruiting lasts from May to the time, while there were serious frosts on the soil. As a rule, this time coincides with the holiday of Pokrov (November 14). At this time, remove the last root roots from the fields.

Cherries are more whimsical, their yield is lower.
Mycelium Shiitake grows significantly slower than mushroom mushrooms.
Due to the duration of the period of formation of Japanese mushrooms, mold begins to compete with a mushroom.
The fruction of oysteries provoke a decrease in temperature.
For Shiitake, you just need to regularly water the ridge.

Having all the "for" and "against", it turns out that for homemade grown Shiitake is more convenient. For cherries, expensive climatic equipment is necessary.

The Chinese method of growing mushrooms on tree trunks is characterized in that the lamps are located, a diameter of 7-15 cm in a horizontal position. Before the middle, they plunge into the ground. For convenience, the trunks of the fallen trees are divided into 100-120 cm segments. If necessary, save space on the plot, the trunks are folded on the principle of well rings with the difference that there is a gap between neighboring lanes in each side.

Preparation of landing trunks is as follows:

the trunks during the preparation period should spend several years in the open air in the rain, snow;
the constant moisture of wood by the time of landing of mycelium should be 38-42%;
the lack of moisture in wood ground is compensated by heavy irrigation before making planting material;
on the trunk, the holes with a diameter of 1.2 cm on a depth of 4 cm;
the distance between the holes in each row is 10 cm;
rows are located on a distance of 7 cm from each other.

Mycelium is brought into ready-made, sufficiently moisturized holes. The height of the fields, which are essentially the mushroom garden, does not matter. For 30 days, this vertical fungal plantation is necessary to cover with a plastic film to create a greenhouse effect for the incubation period. Temperature for germination can vary from +20 to + 26 ° C.

Tip! Carbon dioxide, which is in the wood prevents the good shiitake fruiting. 12-hour winding in water T ° from + 13 ° to +18 ° C will help to get rid of it. The absence of air bubbles at the end of the water procedure indicates the absence of CO 2.

It is possible to determine the readiness of the trunks to fruiting by such signs:

lack of a ringing sound when hitting the trunk with a hammer or other solid object;
at the sutures of the trunk, the mycelium is visible;
when using halves of the trunk, the white islets of mycelium on the cross cut.

The cultivation of mushrooms on the trunks-supasted trunks simplifies the maintenance of the necessary humidity, which contributes to the natural break of wood. Accordingly, the temperature inside the trunk is higher than the surrounding soil. It means that the freezing of improvised mushroom ridge is not terrible.

To obtain mushrooms with a dense pulp of the cap and gentle (to taste), the leg is formed at low temperatures for this mushroom from +10 to +16 ° C and uncharacteristic for many areas with a temperate climate of air humidity from 60 to 75%. Daily fluctuations in air temperature also contribute to the improvement of taste and appearance of shiitake. Therefore, in the period of fruiting mushrooms, the film is not covered.

After collecting the first source mushrooms, it is necessary to change the climate for the trunks, lowered their humidity up to 30-40% and increase air temperature. During a period of 2-month recovery, daily temperature fluctuations should be between +16 to +22 ° C.

Interesting! It is possible to use one and the same bush to grow shiitake for 3-5 years. During this period, it will be collected by mushrooms weighing 5 times less than the mass of wood used. Conclusion: the beech and oak have a greater density and weight, it means that with the same area of \u200b\u200bbirch and oak ridge, from the first mushrooms will be collected more.

Growing at home

When used to grow lienno edible room with adjustable temperature, humidity modes, fruction lighting will be year-round. Acceleration of the surveillance of mushrooms is more achieved due to thermal processing of the substrate.

Not all stages of industrial flexibility can be reproduced at home, which affects the result. Stages of work:

the sawdust substrate is enriched with the necessary nutrients.
The soil is poured into the packages from Agril, the material to cover the beds.
Packages with a substrate are placed on a quarter of an hour in hot water.
24 hours The soil is sterilized at 60 ° C.
72. It should be carried out in an environment with a temperature of 50 ° C.
The cooled sawdust inoculated by mycelium is shifted into sterile 3-liter banks.
Glass incubators are sealed with cotton corks.
For 2 months, the banks move to the room with a temperature range from + 17 ° C to + 20 ° C.
The substrate with a sprouted mycelium returns to breathable packages.
Two weeks no procedures are held. During this time, mycelium substrate will collect in a single dense block.
After that, it must be sent, about a day, into water for moisture.

After soaking the substrate, the tight block assembled by the fungnye, in two weeks you can wait for the first harvest.

Production of substrate blocks for homemade mushroom farming

For growing mushrooms, it is necessary that the wood is necessary, so all the leaves are removed before grinding branches. Recycled raw materials do not require additional processing, it is used immediately for the preparation of the substrate. The amount of soil is determined by the volume of the used polypropylene package or agry.

The substrate is heated, pasteurization is passed. Only after that mycelium puts on it. The package is an ideal medium for the development of mycelium, it is similar to greenhouse conditions. The size and form of the package determine what the substrate block will be.

Approximate calculation:

when packing a package with a width of 25.5 cm block will be diameter 16 s;
the optimal height is 28 cm;
volume - 5 l;
wet weight has a weight - 2.2 kg.

For moisturizing 5 liters of the sawing substrate, 200 ml of water is enough.

Attention! Barley in the composition of the substrate increases yield. Each package is recommended to add 250 gr. barley green. For moisturizing sawdust enriched with grain crop, it will take 350 ml of water to each block.

You can use for growing shiitake blocks 2 times smaller in volume. Polyethylene low pressure packets are suitable for them. They withstand the heating temperature to +110 ° C.

Formation of blocks with mycelium:

a thoroughly mixed mixture of sawdust, grain, water is packaged in packages;
of the 30-40 cm of the cintecon strips of 5-7 cm wide (not used), tight rollers in 2-3 cm diameter are rolled;
they are wrapped in threads;
the self-made cotton cork is fixed at the top of the pack of twine or beep.
for 8-12 hours, the clouded packets are left for uniform distribution of moisture, grain swelling;
when sterilizing the substrate in the autoclave, it is necessary to set the temperature mode + + 110 ° C for 3 hours.
after cooling the substrate, it is necessary to introduce mycelium into it and again close with cotton cork.

Attention! Sterility must be at all stages of planting mushrooms. For the transfer of mycelium to the ground, it is better to use a spoon treated with chlorine-containing composition.

One package requires 1 tablespoon of grain mycelium. It can be poured into the package, after the strapping of which around the cotton plug, the seeds of mushrooms are distributed throughout the volume of the substrate by the method of intensive shaking. It remains only to give a package with a loose soil a certain stable form. The corners be replaced at the bottom of the package can be fixed with scotch.

Growing in Teplice

Growing Shiitake in the greenhouse is justified in areas with a cold short summer. After thermal preparation of the substrate, the supply of nutrients in it, high-quality moistening blocks with mycelium are left for the extension in a closed form. After 6-10 weeks of finding in greenhouse conditions at a temperature of from + 17 ° C to + 22 ° C in an environment with a humidity of ≈ 55%, packets are disclosed, further moistened.

With irrigation periodicity, the first fiction of mushrooms will not make himself wait. Shiitake will appear after 2 weeks. But before that time, it is necessary to free the substrate bound by the shiitake fungne, from polyethylene and lower the air temperature to + 10 ° C to + 16 ° C. From each block located at such a temperature for 3-6 months, you can regularly remove the crop.

The main threat of crop are mold inside blocks with mushrooms and other microorganisms that can destroy or weaken the fungne. It is to combat their pathogens that the long thermal processing of the substrate is used before the Mitcelium falling into it.

If it is necessary to sterilize a large mass of the substrate, an alternative to the heat treatment of the packaged soil is its roaring with a common mass. True, for all other stages, packing, the distribution of mycelium will require a sterile premises, otherwise all the efforts will disappear, because microorganisms are developing much faster than the Schiotak mushroom.

With greenhouse cultivation, as well as at home, dense polyethylene bags with a volume of from 1 to 6 liters and cotton jams that provide air circulation are used.

Attention! To disembark mycelium, the temperature of the substrate should be in the range from + 20 ° C to + 30 ° C.

Preparation of planting material

To raise shiitak mushrooms in greenhouse or home conditions, they need to infect any organic. The most suitable material for this is grain crops. Greeting mycelium more convenient in wheat or barley grain. The mushroom envelops the grain, sprinkling in them, resulting in dense grain, infect with the fungny, blocks.

Before inoculation - the introduction of grain mycelium into the substrate, these blocks need to be used to the grain. The proportion of grains to the mass of soil is 2-5%.

Purchase of mycelium

The purchase of mycelium must be produced in specialized seed stores. Here you can also purchase nutritional compounds for enriching the substrate. In the Leningrad region, Mycelius Shiitake trades seed shops in Peterhof on the Boulevard of Red Cadets House 63 and in Otradnaya at the addresses: Central Street and New Street House10.

You can purchase mycelium for growing Shiitak in Chelyabinsk and Nizhny Novgorod, Cheboksary and Novosibirsk.

The rules for making a substrate for Shiitake - the base, nutrient additives, acidity optimizers. The basis is the sawdust of deciduous trees, their size should vary within 2-3 mm. Alder, Aspen, Birch, Poplar, Clane, Beech, Oak and other local wood varieties are suitable for grinding. On coniferous trees, mushrooms do not grow, so pine sawdust and fir are not allowed in the substrate.

Such a strict criterion to the size of sawdust is justified by the fact that the minor will create a too dense layer that impede the air exchange, and there will be a lot of oxygen between large elements of the wood soil, which is a favorable environment for the development of competitive microorganisms and mold if we consider the necessary humidity and temperature of the cultivation environment Shiitake.

No fertilizers for growing mushrooms are required! Nutrients for Shiitake are cereal crops (their grain or flour), organic residues after thread. Depending on which crops grow in this area, you can use beans, corn, rice, barley. Rye, wheat, millet and so on.

The substrate is permissible to the content of plaster or chalk. They are required to normalize the acidity of the soil. They can range from 10 to 40% of the total volume.

Product sales channels

Edible Japanese mushroom, to taste and aroma resembling white, on the density of champignon. Its feature is that it is acute, so Shiitake dish does not need to add pepper. This makes it possible to sell it to plants manufacturing semi-finished mushroom soups, sauces, seasoning for second dishes. In a dried form, Lentinlah edible retains its useful properties and aroma, but somewhat loses taste. The sharpness is preserved if the raw material does not pass repeated soaking in hot water.

In the raw form of mushrooms are used in almost all dishes of national Japanese, Chinese, Korean cuisine. The second, the most priority channel of sales will be restaurants specializing in the preparation of national dishes of Southeast Asia. Shiitake can be used after pre-winding, in European dishes as an alternative to white mushrooms.

Japanese mushroom is widely used in pharmacology and traditional medicine - this is another opportunity to establish a permanent sales channel. The range of action of the beneficial substances contained in Shiitake is quite wide - this is:

reduce heat;
fighting viruses;
treatment of heart and stomach;
blood purification;
improving immunity and compressability;
blood circulation normalization;
reduction of sugar;
cholesterol cleavage;
excretion of slags from the body;
strengthening potency.

As an additional means to mainly drug treatment, Shiitake is recommended in the treatment of upper respiratory tract, polio, smallpox, influenza, HIV. In Japan, this rich mushroom is called the longevity elixir. Fungotherapists recommend this mushroom for:

purification of the gastrointestinal tract;
reduction of excess body weight;
to maintain the normal level of blood sugar in diabetics.

Catering points specializing in dietary dietary can also be considered as potential customers.

Costs and payback

Skiitake Growing Competition in Russia is extremely low than at the moment the high cost of the product is explained. The price of fresh mushrooms varies from 700 to 1000 rubles. per kilogram (for wholesale). For a kilogram of dried Japanese mushroom, you can rescue from 2.5 to 3.5 thousand rubles. At maximum return from one square meter of wood for the smallest rates, it turns out to be output 175,000 rubles.

For owners of houses in the private sector, wood harvesting required for growing Shiitake will cost the cost of firewood. A dog is a wood that will have to pay a purely symbolic price when making a contract for the sale of forest plantations provided for by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. For each family living in a house with furnace heating, the state implies the flow rate of 15 cubic meters of deciduous wood per year.

Rates in each region are installed by local authorities, on average, along with delivery, the purchase of wood will have to spend 5-6 thousand rubles.

To install 3-4 square mushroom "wells" is enough 1 cubic meter of wood, which in its pure form costs can be equated to 400 rubles.
Purchase mycelium from 180 to 400 rubles,
oVES - 250-350 rubles.
The spacious polycarbonate greenhouse (when buying in winter) is within15 thousand rubles.
Aggrepan (Agril) Roll - 360 rubles.
The cost of synthetone depends on its density. The price of the route is varied from 20 to 70 rubles.

All costs of arranging the mushroom plantation are stacked in the framework of the 20th-thousand budget, if there is an enclave and well-water well in the household. With the most adverse offering of circumstances, the payback of all costs is provided with one successful transaction. Professional sales channels guarantee home business success.

Technology landing Shiitake on hemp

Shiitak mushrooms have excellent taste properties, as well as favorably affect health with proper quality product.

To obtain the most useful and qualitative fungi of this species, it is necessary to carefully and deliberately approach their cultivation.

Shiitake is considered one of the most popular mushroom cultures of the world not only because of active use in medical practice, but also due to excellent food characteristics. This mushroom culture is great for the preparation of appetizing dishes and even beverages.

The mushroom has a brown hat with a diameter of 4 to 22 cm with a unique embossed pattern. Shiitake has a fibrous leg, and young representatives of this body are endowed with a special stretch that protects fruit parts during the ripening period. When disputes are ready, the membrane is torn and remains in the form of a "hanging fabric" on the header.

Chinese emperors drank a special decoction from these mushrooms to extend their youth, so in most Asian countries, Shiitake is referred to as the "Imperial Mushroom". The homeland of this body is the forests of China and Japan, where culture is multiplied on the trunks of solid hardwood trees.

The calorie content of this product is relatively low - 34 kcal per 100 grams of raw mass.The exception is considered to be dried shiitake, since their caloric content is about 300 kcal per 100 grams.

From the point of view of nutritional value, this representative of mushrooms is a real find, because it contains a large amount of zinc, complex carbohydrates, almost a complete list of amino acids, and leucine and lysine in sufficient quantities. Using Shiitake consumption, you can lower cholesterol in the body, as well as reduce blood sugar levels and overcome allergies.
Also, the consumption of this body in a dried form can help in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases or disorders of the liver.

Did you know? Spores of mushrooms can wait for a convenient case for germination for all decades. At the same time, the necessary climatic conditions may comprehend the dispute in the most unexpected places: on a chish, bag with grain, wall or other place.

The product has some dangerous properties. For example, people who have tendency to allergic diseases should be treated extremely gently to shiitake consumption. Also, you should not use this mushroom in food during lactation and pregnancy (the product includes a large number of biologically active substances).

Methods of growing Shiitaka

This type of organisms belongs to the class of mushroom-saprofrofs, which actively grow in parts of the dieting wood when the necessary natural conditions occur.
Mushrooms celebrate one bright feature of the cultivation of this organism - relatively slow maturation of mycelium, as well as bad competitive qualities in the struggle for survival in the wild environment (with a ratio with colonies of mold and bacteria).

But subject to all necessary cultivation procedures and maintaining complete sterility at all stages, it is possible to obtain a sufficiently large harvest with minimal costs of effort.

There are two main ways to cultivate mushrooms Shiitake: extensive and intense.

Extensive method

It is based on the maximum copying of the natural natural processes of germination of the mushroom on wood. For this, the trunks of suitable trees of trees are harvested and sterilized and specially infected by the Mycelium Mushroom Shiitake. This method will bring the most positive results in regions with a suitable climate (temperature and humidity level).

The highest level of fruiting is observed in the second year of introducing mycelium into wood raw materials. Now about 70% of the global production of Shiitake mushrooms is based on this technique.

Intensive method

It is based on the use of a specially prepared substrate from chips, sawdust of hardwood of trees, stolsters of cereals with the addition of grain, bran, hay or mineral additives. This mixture must be properly sterilized or pasteurized, after which it is made to the mushroom mycelium substrate. After a while, complete colonization of blocks and the mushroom produces the first fruits.

Intensive method

Mycelium for the cultivation of shiitake intensive way is manufactured and implemented in the specialized market in two main types:

swording- The dilution of mycelium occurs on the die-cutting mixture. Such a substance is perfect for breeding mushrooms in a homogeneous substrate. The normal ratio of mycelium and the sawing substrate for intensive maturation of the Shiitake is 5-7% of the mass of the substrate mass.
grain- It is an axampy grain, in which the arms disputes developed. Also, grain serves as an excellent nutrient medium to accelerate the formation of high-quality mycelium. For effective breeding of Shiitaka by this type of mycelium, it is necessary to add 2% of the infected grain from the substrate mass.

Experts of the cultivation of mushrooms recommend to use precisely grain mycelium, since such sowing will allow to preserve the maximum number of the genetic characteristics of the body, as well as on such a grain substrate any negative properties of the product are better visible.

The best solution is to buy a mycelium package, weighing 18 kg, grain type, and its further packaging into polyethylene packages with a special snatch (200 grams). Passing should occur in a clean room without ventilation. We will also need a table and pelvis, purified by a cloth moistened in a whiteness solution. The procedure for the distribution of mycelium should be carried out in several stages:

Stage 1- Removing a part of the substrate in the pelvis. Its separation by hand on separate grains;
2 stage- Floating mycelium 200 gram portions in packets with latches;
3 stages - making a peculiar air filter from toilet paper (addition of a multi-layer square with a dimension of 30 × 30 mm);
4 stages- packing equipment with mycelius filter (insert a bag of a bag, and the remaining space is closed with a snack);
5 stage- Bonding the top of the bags by the stapler with further gluing it to the sachet of scotch.

Such a blank can be stored in a vertical position (filter up) in the household refrigerator up to 6 months, and is also convenient enough to carry out inoculation (grain microfusion contamination).

Preparation of mushroom blocks

The most correct container for the cultivation of Shiitake is the plastic packages of the standard form, as well as a permissible volume of 1 to 6 liters. The main material of the manufacture of such a package must be polypropylene or polyethylene of increased density (so that the prepared block can withstand significant temperature loads during the sterilization of the substrate).

Important! Efferption can launch negative processes in the substrate, which will create a toxic environment in relation to the Michelium Shiitake. Therefore, it is important to closely monitor the parameters of the sterilizer and the operation time.

Packages that do not have equipped filters must be closed with a marlevary cork with a ring (must be made of heat-resistant material and have a diameter in the range of 40-60 mm). There are also special packages for growing mushrooms. A feature of these products is the presence of special microporous filters.
Therefore, after filling the cooked container with the substrate, the package is tightly rushed and the gas exchange occurs exclusively through these filters, and the need for ring and cork is completely eliminated.

Before sowing mycelium into such blocks, it is necessary to conduct a thorough sterilization of the substrate prepared in advance. Allocate two main ways to carry out this operation:

packing of an unsuitable substrate in packages (formation of blocks) with further sterilization. Such a process requires the use of the autoclave, where the blocks are placed with the substrate (parameters for the autoclave: steam pressure - 1-2 atm., Temperature - 120-126 ° C). The procedure will require a relatively little time - 2-3 hours.
sterilization of the substrate to packing in packages (blocks). To carry out the sterilization of the substrate, this method will require a net 200-liter barrel (installed above the stake on solid heat-resistant supports), in which it is necessary to fall asleep the substrate, pour it with boiling water and cook on the fire for several hours (4-5). Next, the substrate must be removed into the clean capacity and give to cool. After these procedures, you need to pack a sterilized mixture into packages. It is worth noting that when using such a sterilization method as a container to create blocks for a substrate, conventional polyethylene packets can be used with the installation of the filter components described above.

When using an intensive method of cultivation of mushrooms to create a substrate, you can apply buckwheat husks, grape or apple residues, straw, rice bran, sawdust and bark of hardwood trees, as well as the fiber of the flax or sunflower luzu.

Important! The components of coniferous species of trees to create a vegetable mixture cannot be used, because they consist of a large amount of resin and phenolic substances, which negatively affects the development of mycelium.

55-90% of the mass of the mixture for the cultivation of Mushrooms Shiitake should occupy the sawdust with a size of 3-4 mm. Smaller components can harm the gas exchange process, which will slow down the growth processes of mushrooms. It is recommended to add wood chips and chip to the substrate to form an aerated mixture structure.
Many mushrooms are actively used as one of the components of the substrate under the shiitake of the salt crops. This element will benefit in the process of growing mushrooms exclusively at the corresponding straw as follows:

the collection of straw should be carried out in warm weather with low humidity (preferably at the same time as harvesting);
the place of growth of straw should be environmentally friendly;
the amount of straw must correspond to a biennial suitability, since after one year of the storm of the straw increases the content of the content of the useful elements (nitrogen) is twice as well as lighter.

An important function in the substrate is performed by beneficial impurities that are responsible for regulating the nitrogen level in the mixture, ensuring the desired level of pH, accelerate the processes of the mycelium's development, as well as a decrease in the density of the mixture. Nutrient components should be from 2% to 10% of the total mass of the substrate.

These impurities include grain, wheat bran or other cereal, soy flour, various waste of food, as well as chalk and gypsum.
Substrate mixtures for cultivating mushrooms Shiitake are highlighted by a large variety. The most popular and efficient substrates are the following:

41 kg of sawdust of recommended breeds of trees with 8 kg of cereal bran. Also with the addition of 25 liters of water and 1 kg of sugar;
bark and sawdust (ratio of 1: 1 or 1: 2 by weight);
substrate from bark, sawdust and straw (1: 1: 1);
rice residues and sawdust (4: 1).

Did you know? In 2003, in Japan, a special research robot found a mushroom inside the operating atomic reactor.

It is useful to enrich the cortex substrate and sawdust flour from corn or soy.
The process of preparing the substrate for inoculation consists of three consecutive stages:

Grinding.Allows you to make a mixture more compact, which favorably affects the spread of mycelium (large areas of emptiness mycelium is very difficult to overcome). Also, the grinding process is of strategic importance when using fresh straw. At home, the straw is sufficient to grind to 5-10 cm.
Mixing.A rather important stage for the formation of a high-quality substrate. This event will show the greatest efficiency with a relatively uniform composition of each of the added components.
Treatment. This stage ensures the creation of a free life space for the fruitless components of Shiitake, since in an aggressive environment he is inferior in viability by the basic colonies of mold and bacteria. The substrate processing occurs by sterilization or pasteurization and is directly related to the formation of mushroom blocks. Therefore, the sterilization procedure is described in detail.

Inoculation

This procedure is considered to be the most responsible, so it will require the maximum concentration of attention and preparation. The main task of this stage is the correct introduction of mycelium mushroom Shiitake in the prepared vegetable mixture. All actions need to be produced in sterile containers using a pure disinfected toolkit.

Before direct inoculation, it is necessary to grind the acquired mycelium to individual grains, as well as to disinfect bottles and packages with special solutions (70% alcohol or 10% sodium hypochlorate).

The procedure must be carried out extremely quickly: open the package, make mycelium, close the package.The norm of mycelium is about 2-6% of the total weighing of the substrate. It is necessary to introduce mycelium evenly to intensify the ripening processes. The best solution is considered to prepare a peculiar central channel in the substrate in advance and in the process of inoculation to determine mycelium on it.
In addition to grain mycelium, a singing or liquid component can also be used. Such a mixture will show better performance with homogeneous structural elements. The rate of sawing product is 6-7%.

Liquid mycelium matures on a special substance (for example, beer wort). The use of such a substance is possible only in conditions of exceptional sterility of the substrate. For liquid inoculation, it is necessary to use a special dispenser. The norm is 20-45 ml per 2-4 kg of the substrate.

Incubation

This period is characterized by an intense mastering of the vegetable mixture and absorb the necessary components to form fruits. The optimal temperature of the air in the room for ripening mycelium is 25 ° C. The blocks are installed on the elevated surfaces (from 20 cm above the floor level) or hang in the air for the maximum gas feed.
If the temperature of the expenditure of the containers in the incubation process will exceed 28 ° C, then the probability of the death of mycelium increases at times due to the creation of the highest possible conditions for the active life of competitive organisms (for example, Trihoderma mold or neuroscope).

In the period under review, maturation should occur in closed containers, so the moisture indicator does not matter much. Incubation can be carried out over 40-110 days, depending on the volume of the introduced mycelium, the composition of the substrate and straight properties.

Did you know? There is a specific class of predator mushrooms. These organisms are able to install traps on the surface of the mushrooms (rings that are similar to the adhesive network). The stronger the victim is trying to break out, the faster the ring is tightened. The process of absorption of a careless organism occurs around 24 hours.

The process of colonization leads to a change in the color of the substrate (it becomes white). This is the step of a white substrate, which is accompanied by the absorption of nutrients. After that, white bloats are formed on the block.
Next, the block begins to get a brown tint, which indicates the activation of ripening processes. Most often for 40-60 days, the entire block has a brown color. This is the "brown" block phase - the body is ready for fruiting. Such a color is formed due to the work of a special enzyme - polyphenol oxidase, which is activated with stronger illumination and the presence of oxygen.

Also on the surface of the substrate, a kind of protective layer of mycelium is formed, which prevents microorganisms in the substrate and drying it. Therefore, during the incubation period, it is possible to cover education for 7-9 hours (light - 50-120 suites), to accelerate the appearance of progrrdiev.

Fruit and collection

Fruption is divided into several stages, each of which requires specific microclimate conditions:

Stage 1- induction of fruits. During this period, it is necessary to ensure air temperature at the level of 15-19 ° C, increase the ventilability of the room, as well as ensure the free entry of light for 8-11 hours per day.
2 stage - fruit formation. When the Prim is the active educational processes begin, they become easily subject to any negative effects of microclimate. It is necessary to maintain temperature regime at 21 ° C - for thermal-loving strains or 16 ° C - for cold-absorbing (it is necessary to specify the seller of mycelium). The optimal humidity during the fruit formation is about 85%.
3 stages - Fruit. During this period, there is an active creation of large single fruit formations Shiitake. The mushroom forms protective cuticles, so air humidity can be reduced to 70%. After discovering the visual compliance of the fruit, the parameters of ripened mushrooms, it is necessary to produce the first collection. For this, it is important to lower the humidity of the air, since the collected fruits in such conditions will be best transported and stored.
4 stages- transitional period. During this time, mycelium re-collecting nutrients from the substrate. In order to speed up this process, it is important to raise the temperature indicator to 19-27 ° C. It is also important to maintain a relatively low air humidity - 50%, and conduct a thorough procedure for removing the residues of the ripening of the previous selection. An important element of ensuring a good "harvest" of Mushrooms Shiitake is due processing of blocks against possible pests and diseases. There are about 2-4 waves of ripening fruit from one package every two or three weeks after the previous collection.

Extensive method

The cultivation of Shiitake is the extensive method holds confident leadership among existing mechanisms, providing humanity with high-quality fungal products by 65% \u200b\u200bof the total amount of production.

This method was greatest in the regions where there is a relatively warm and wet climate, and the mushroom "gardens" themselves are placed in places protected from direct sunlight and wind.

When creating a mushroom "vegetable" Shiitake in the conditions of household apply bran chips of hardwood trees. Wood should be healthy, clean, have a whole bark and a relatively large core. The humidity of the bran is also important. It should be at the level of 35-70%.

The best solution will be the selection of the barrels with a diameter of 10-20 cm and cut them into bran 100-150 cm. It is important to isolate these "natural substrates" from any contact with zeros or external contamination.
Instructions for growing Mushrooms Shiitak extensive by at home has the following form:

It is necessary to place the cut on the cooked surface (table or goats) for efficient cutting and driving holes. Holes should not have a large diameter (enough 2-3 cm). It is also important to control the depth of the holes at 8-12 cm.
After creating holes, it is necessary as soon as possible to fill these formations with sawdust or grain mycelium, score with wood components, as well as hermetically closed with wax or paraffin holes.
At the next stage, it is advisable to place a detachment in a room where an artificial way can provide a normal microclimate for the growth of ripening mushrooms - a temperature of 21-25 ° C and humidity - 75-80%. If there is no access to the room, then it is necessary to find a place in the forest or any other shelter from direct solar lighting.
The gecelium germination comes from half a year to one and a half years. It is possible to check the cut for the shiitake fruit by visual inspection of the cross section (white zones should be formed there), and with a light physical effect on the cut, it should not "ring";

You can speed up the process of ripening fruit with several artificial paths.For example, to intensify the first wave of fruiting, it is necessary to dip a car with the stains of mycelium in the affordable water sources or water with special devices. In the warm season, this procedure should be carried out for 9-20 hours, in cold - 1.5-3 days. The duration of the selection period is about 1-2 weeks, and the amount of waves is limited to 2-3 or more.

Experts recommend to cover bran between fruiting waves (during rest periods) with special protective materials that need light and air. The main task of this action is to provide stable temperature regime at elevated indicators (temperature - 16-22 ° C), as well as provide humidity 20-40%. After 1-3 months, the bran is necessary to soak in water and set to activate fruiting processes.
To predict a possible "yield" one can be guided by the rule of experimental mushrooms - the sum of all fructures should be about 17-22% of the mass of wood. And the fertility itself can last from 2 to 6 years.

Growing Mushrooms Shiitake is a very exciting and cognitive process that will most effectively use waste woodworking industry. This mushroom culture will not only serve to increase the diversity of the edible diet, but also will help get the necessary nutrients for a good level of general immunity of the body and maintaining the liver, hearts, kidneys with relatively low time and strength.

Video: Shiitake - How to grow mushrooms, substrate and sowing

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