Consultation for parents Heavenly Gzhel. Consultation for parents "" The influence of folk crafts on the aesthetic education of preschool children. "People's painting - Gzhel
CONSULTATION FOR Parents prepared Fitisova I.V. educator Dow No. 319 "Snowflake - Nord" donetsk MON DNR
- In the XIX century, Master Gzheli discovered new material and new technology. Now they produced half-fueling, faience and china. Of particular interest was the products painted in blue.
- The plots of Gzhel were taken, of course, from life situations: homemade life, from experiences in trips to Russia for sales of clay products. The world of Gzhel ceramics is full of life: girls with verts, women on horseback, family scenes, wanderers. Did not pay attention to the fabulous characters: the wolf, carrying the lamb, the Korshun, which torments. The painting of Gzhel is extremely simple and sometimes naive, but necessarily with sparkling humor and complete recogniziness of heroes.
The artist for painting Gzhel has only one paint - cobalt, which then acquires the colorful color for Gzheli. It, like watercolor, is bred by water.
Pipes are written on the surface of the product, and then it is covered with icing. They write on china with strokes, lines, and the ornament includes leaves and flowers. Draw quickly. The smears fall exactly. It seems at first glance that they are all of the same color. But after the furnace, the pattern acquires many shades and tones, giving the items of the products.
Like all folk crafts in Russia at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, the art of Gzheli at that time also tolerate decline. But in the 1930s, almost half of all porcelain-affiy enterprises in Russia was concentrated in Gzheli. There was a lot of efforts so that the Gzhel miracle was not forgotten forever
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
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Gzhel is an ancient center of Russia for the production of porcelain, faience and clay dishes. The area of \u200b\u200bGzheli includes 30 villages and villages near Moscow, combined with one name "Gzhel Kush". Worked with clay here a long time ago, according to archaeologists, from the VII-VIII centuries. Goncharov products at that time were clay dishes. They called it more "black." But in the XVII century, the release of "Muraviloya" was established, watered with glaze of dishes, attached to the product with a transparent color, and the presence of special additives allowed to get green and brown tones. In the XIX century, Master Gzheli discovered new material and new technology. Now they produced semi fauins, faience and china. Of particular interest was the products painted in blue. To somehow tie the name of the area with its main craft, the version appeared: if the dishes are burned, "harness", then all its production is called "Gzhel", which over time was turned into "Gzhel". The plots of Gzhel were taken, of course, from life situations: homemade life, from experiences in trips to Russia for sales of clay products. The world of Gzhel ceramics is full of life: girls with verts, women on horseback, family scenes, wanderers. Did not pay attention to the fabulous characters: the wolf, carrying the lamb, the Korshun, which torments. The painting of Gzhel is extremely simple and sometimes naive, but necessarily with sparkling humor and complete recogniziness of heroes.
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Slide description:
The artist for painting Gzhel has only one paint - cobalt, which then acquires the colorful color for Gzheli. It, like watercolor, is bred by water. Pipes are written on the surface of the product, and then it is covered with icing. They write on china with strokes, lines, and the ornament includes leaves and flowers. Draw quickly. The smears fall exactly. It seems at first glance that they are all of the same color. But after the furnace, the pattern acquires many shades and tones, giving the items of the products. Like all folk crafts in Russia at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, the art of Gzheli at that time also tolerate decline. But in the 1930s, almost half of all porcelain-affiy enterprises in Russia was concentrated in Gzheli. It was made a lot of efforts so that the Gzhel miracle was not forgotten forever. In 1972, the Association of "Gzhel" was created on the basis of six small industries. New samples and new forms were developed. Painting became richer. "Gzhel" is the name of a modern company producing unique porcelain with cobalt's bricks. Highly qualified and gifted artists work in Gzheli. Wizards paint each product only manually. The learning process of artists takes up to two years. In Gzheli there is continuity in training: from kindergarten to the Gzhel Art College. Gzhel today is not only beautiful white-blue dishes, but also fireplaces, chandeliers, figurines, toys, vases and other interior items. Gzhel is a centuries-old tradition, beloved to this day.
Elena Smirnova
Consultation for parents "Folk Fries"
Acquaintance of children with the life and traditions of Russian people It is important in the moral and patriotic education of preschoolers as full citizens of Russia. And this issue is now relying a lot of time. And here, as in any other question, pedagogy, it is impossible to do without the help of the family and parents. And in order to parents could help children in acquaintance with traditions and folk fishingwe will try to refresh their knowledge about people's-Fore art.
Ornate the art of modern Russians folk fishers. And the traditions of artisans' masters go far deep into centuries.
A variety of artistic fisks and crafts rich background, which indicates talentedness and aesthetic sensitivity people. In the preschool world most often mention of the haze, Khokhloma, Gzheli, Zhostovskaya and Gorodetsky painting, Bogorodskaya and Filimonovsky toy.
Gzhel became a major center of porcelain-faience production in Russia by the XIX century. Porcelain Gzhel is one of the brightest phenomena of Russian national culture.
Zhostovo. One of the vintage centers folk handicrafts. There are tin trays with artistic painting - on a brilliant black lacquer surface bouquets brightly flash, the images of floral ornaments and fruits fall.
Bogorodskaya carved wooden toy - one of the rare species of Russian folk art. It is the center of Bogorodskoe, located near Sergiev-Posada. This field is known since XVII in. These are the figures of animals and birds, and all sorts of toy with the movement. For the manufacture of this toy, it is used mainly linden, soft and easy to handle.
A few words about Matreshka. The first Russian matryoshka was created at the end of the XIX century. Artist S. Malyutin. She portrayed a girl in a sunden sundhene with a white apron, with a colorful handkerchief on her head, in the hands of a black rooster. This tree isted out of wood, detachable, colorful and unlikely painted doll, inside which were embedded one more seven other similar, but differently deserted figures. She immediately fell in love with all his Russian appearance, improving, fun. Matryoshka love and know not only in our country, but also abroad.
Of course, everyone knows and love the Dymkov toy. Bright toys attract attention and raise the mood. Children are always happy to consider horses, goats, Petushkov, etc.
ABOUT folk fishery the child will definitely recognize in kindergarten, he will hear about it throughout the entire period of preschool age, but it is important to know that mom or dad is interested in what their child is engaged in the garden, that they can tell him what he told about Educator. Story parents Must be emotional and fascinating. In order to be bright and figuratively to tell the children about how the artists of Golden Hokhloma paint their solar products, how the decorative bouquets of flowers on the Zhostovsky trays bloom and how the tale of miniatures on Palekh lacquers is born, parents ourselves should know well, understand and love folk art. They can meet him in artistic and local history museums, which are usually extensive collections of painted spikes, ancient utensils from wood and ceramics, samples folk embroidery, patterned weaving, toys, etc. with articles of art fisks You can meet at the exhibitions of decorative and applied art.
A lot of interesting and useful parents learn from bookstelling O. folk decorative art, about creativity folk Master. Only in recent years literature folk The art was replenished with meaningful and interesting books, acquaintance with whom, undoubtedly, will make a new look at unpretentious and at the same time committed in their expressive images of the Dymkovsky and Kargopol toy from clay, on carved horses and funny cubs from the village of Bogorodskoye.
The child will surely remember the mother's story about Khokhloma, if the mother tells such fairy tale: "He lived, there was a miracle master. He settled in the deaf forest, the hut set, the table and the spoonfully smeared, the dishes cut out the dishes. I cooked a wheat porridge, but I didn't forget the pebbing chicks. Fit somehow to his home-bird She touched the wing to the cup, she became golden. And since then beauty - painted tableware! "
You can make a kid riddle:
"All leaflets as leaves,
here is every golden,
beauty Such people
called ... (Khokhloma).
And the story about Gzhel can start with such fairy tales: "One merchant went to travel to Russia with the scarlet Rose, who gave him a wife. In his country it was always warm, and in Russia, winter came with Lujyi frosts, a rose from frost frozen and cried. They saw the Gzhel masters such a beautiful flower and drew it on With his dishes. Only not scarlet, but blue. And the merchant took his wife as a gift to this dish. Since then, this wonderful "blue" fairy tale appeared - Gzhel.
The story of Mom Mom can start, for example, so:
"This toy lives in Russia for more than a hundred years. Guess, about whom I i say:
We have one toy,
Not a horse, not parsley,
And the beauty-maiden
Each sister -
For less - dungeon.
The artist Sergey Malyutin saw the prototype of a wooden empty doll in Japan, but this doll was angry, in appearance was an old man-Japanese. So sleeved the artist doll into the Russian costume. And the masters who are pulled out, paint the dolls - good people, merry, word! Here is a toy and it turns out they have a bright, joyful. No wonder speak: "What is the master, such and work".
It is always important to remember: Art folk fishers It occupies a special place in our artistic culture. It carries the understanding of the beautiful, formed by centuries today; It is part of the national heritage that we are called to save and multiply.
Narodi Decorative and applied art is one of the means of aesthetic education, it helps to form an artistic taste, teaches children to see and understand the beautiful life in the environment and art. Acquaintance of children with objects folk creativity and folk crafts Have a beneficial effect on the development of children's creativity. Character folk artHis emotionality, colorfulness, uniqueness - effective means to develop in children of mental activity and the comprehensive development of the child. Creation folk Masters not only brings up aesthetic taste in children, but also forms spiritual needs, feelings of patriotism, national pride, high citizenship and humanity. The child learns that wonderful colorful items create folk Masters, people gifted by fantasy, talent and kindness. And if all this is formed by the child not only in kindergarten, but also in the family, it creates another value - "I and Mom (dad) - One whole, we together, we are near! "
Municipal autonomous pre-school educational institution
kindergarten number 3
Consultation for parents
Subject: " Folk fishing"
Prepared
educator.
Vintage Russian fishing - Gzhel.
Little village Gzhel was first mentioned 650 years ago in the spiritual letter of the Great Moscow Prince Ivan Kalita. Later, Gzhell began to be called a large territory of two former counties of the Moscow province: Bronnitsky and Bogorodsky. In this area, the richest deposits of high-quality clays were discovered, which contributed to the development of potary crafts here. From here in the country there were tiled, brick, pottery dishes, toys. Thanks to the uniqueness, Glyn Gzhel was part of the Palace Land.
In 1724, the decision of the manufactory collegium was invited to unrequitable people to open production factories<табачных трубок> and dishes that will be given<Его императорского величества привилегии>. In the same year in Moscow, in the area of \u200b\u200bTaganka, the merchant of Athanasius Grebenshchikov opens the first Russian Maitolikov plant. With his occurrence, the appearance in Gzheli production of Maitolikov glorified her.
Talented folk masters improved Maitolikov's technique.
They managed to get a warm, yellowish shade of enamel (Moscow products had white with a cold gray ethyl chip. Grebenshchikov for the manufacture of dishes was greatly influenced by imported foreign samples. Dishes and szz were a large form with a shallow graphic painting performed by two paints.
Against the background of these things, the national character of Gzhel Myolics of the time is particularly clearly visible, when creating a creatively processed all previously seen in accordance with the folk traditions and his own taste of the potter. Particularly curious in this plan. Separate human figures and genre scenes on the junchers were located in different compositions that the silhouette of the subject was enriched every time.
The painting of Gzhelian Maitoliki was carried out, as a rule, four paints: yellow, green, blue and black and purple. In combination with a warm tint of white enamel, an amazing tone equilibrium was created. Known difficulty painting technology for raw enamel: Quickly without amendments are required, i.e. Brave and accurate smear, aggravated sense of composition, lines and color. All this possessed talented folk masters.
In the second half of the XVIII century, almost all thirty villages (Gzhelsky) mastered the production of majolica. It is very popular; Its assortment is diverse: junny, jugs, mugs, sills, saucers, dishes, plates, toys. During the development of the highest production of Maitoliki (1750-1770), Keymans often serve as expensive gifts. They are appreciated, carefully stored.
In the 1790s, Gzhel Majolika is close in the Russian market Bridal English Faience. It is more durable, easy, and plungy is decorated with a printed decor. In the preserved Gzhel stuff of this period, it is felt like some confusion. However, entrepreneurialness and seducker helps people's masters with honor to get out of a difficult situation. They begin active search for the desired material, by all the truths and inconsistencies recognize the technology, and at the beginning of the XIX century. Halfayans appears in Gzheli (Maitolika by that time finds sales only in the village). Semi-air-eyed dishes has a light shard, a lighter and transparent and monochrome cobalt chosen painting or a subordinate Anga painting. The latter further retains colors, but its technology eliminates the uniform to the multiweight and purity of the tones, as with painting on raw enamel. In Halfighting, Gzheli will have long been peeling the familiar features Maitolik XVIII century: a free brush story painting, a sculptural decoration of vessels.
At the beginning of the XIX century, porcelain production appear in Gzheli. One of the first breeders was, then the next blunt merchant merchant of the Gzhel parish named Yakov is the founder of the future Kuznets dynasty. 1830 - 1840. They consider the highest bloom of production Gzheli. By this time there were more than 50 porcelain-faience plants and about 40 paintings workshops. All kinds of service and piece dishes were made, numerous household items: inks, vials, oils, lists, Easter eggs and much more.
Porcelain Gzheli is extremely diverse, it affected all the styles and shifts of the flavors of the XIX century, all types and methods of decor were used in its production. But invariably in it is one - folk character, because It was created in the field of folk masters and traditions.
At the end of the XIX century, porcelain production is experiencing a deep crisis: the plants are closed, they differ in search of work on the country of the Master - Gonchars, traditions are lost. Production of the beginning of the 20th century does not represent any artistic value. This is a porcelain trifle in the form of cheap, designed for the unassuming taste of statuettes, toys, etc. in the pseudorous style. After imperialist and civil wars, because of the difficulties of the first post-revolutionary years, ceramic production of Gzhelo froze: there were no raw materials, paints, fuel for firing. Only in the late 20s began to appear in some villages the first cooperative artels. In 1936, the artel created<Художественная керамика> Combined highly qualified masters and several professional artists. At first, they specialized in the release of decorative porcelain: multicolored with drawing gold sculptures<персов> and<персиянок>, <русских богатырей>. On some things there is a stamp<сделано в России> - Gzhel was looking for access to the overseas market. The fishery gradually came to life, but it was not yet necessary to talk about his revival .. The process of this artel ceramics began to cooperate, when the Arteel Arteral Ceramics\u003e In Turigine, the Institute of Art Industry is cooperating and the task of development is set in the works of modern masters of the best artistic traditions of Gzhel ceramics XVIII - XIX centuries . Artist N. Bessarabova and as a consultant the largest specialist in Russian ceramics and chorcelain A. Saltykov, for several years they have done a huge experimental work. Its result was the creation of a modern decorative Gzhel porcelain with an ornamental under-cordical painting cobalt, as well as painting gold on the blue background.
In the first things of that time, an attempt to revive the equipment lost by the end of the XIX century, to comprehend and recycle traditional dishes, is clearly visible. A plane floral ornament is returned, characteristic of the stylisticly established samples of the Gzhel half-eyed XIX century.
N. Bessarabova worked in Arteel from 1945 - to 1955. Creating new samples, she at the same time she trained the technician of a brushed underpining painting masters of a picturesque workshop.
Since 1947, the updated Gzhel porcelain has become an indispensable participant in all exhibitions of modern decorative and applied art.
Consultation for parents
"The influence of folk crafts on the aesthetic education of preschool children."
Get in childhood
aesthetic education means
for life to get a feeling
beautiful, ability to understand and
appreciate artwork
compared to artistic
creativity.
ON THE. Vellugin.
Aesthetic education in kindergarten is daily work in all types of child's activities. No most progressive technique is unable to make a person who can see and feel beautiful.
The solution to the aesthetic education issues in visual activities will not lead to the desired results. Therefore, it is necessary to try to teach children to see the perfect in nature, hear music, feel in poetry and as a result to transmit seen through an image.
For a long time, preschool pedagogy recognizes the enormous educational value of folk art. Through the close and native creativity of their countrymen, children are easier to understand the work of other peoples, to obtain initial aesthetic education.
It is possible to start working on the adoption of preschool children to folk art, you can refer to folk fishery. Decorative and applied art in its origin - the art of people. And to whom, how not to children are close and understood by many works of folk masters of decorative painting, whether Dymkovsky clay toys, Khokhloma chairs and spoons, Zagorskie Matryushki, etc. Baby perceive them deeper and more than the big paintings and sculpture, and it Very helps in the formation of the artistic taste of children and the leadership of their artistic activities.
Before starting work, it is necessary to study materials relating to the history of a particular painting, clarify the methods and techniques used in familiarizing children of preschool age with this fishery.
Practical material can be made independently. These are plane and bulk products, and most importantly - draw the main elements of painting in the order of their complication.
Children need to tell that even the most complex pattern consists of the simplest elements: a circle, arc, point, peas, straight and wavy line, leaf, flower, curl, etc. At first, it is necessary to show how to draw a simple pattern, and then offer to children to do it yourself. Gradually, children must learn the elements of the painting.
Introducing children with products, you need to present every thing bright, emotionally using various comparisons, epithets. All this will cause preschoolers interest in folk art, a sense of joy from a meeting with beautiful.
Folk art, cheerful on color, living and dynamic in drawing, realistic in the images, captivates and fascinates children, meets their aesthetic feelings. After comprehending this art, children in an affordable form assimilate the morals and customs of their people.
Acquaintance with folk decorative-applied arts has a great influence on preschoolers: contributes to the formation of deep interest in various types of art, develops children's creativity and forms aesthetic taste, brings up love for his native land.
Very exactly said that V.A. Sukhomlinsky: "The origins of the abilities and taking children on the tips of the fingers. From fingers, figuratively speaking, there are thinning streams that feed the sources of creative thoughts. The more confidence and ingenuity in the movements of a children's hand, the thinner the interaction with the instrument of labor, the more difficult the movement is necessary for this interaction, the deeper the interaction of the hands with nature, with public labor in the spiritual life of the child. In other words, the more skill in a children's hand, the smartest child. "