Ready-made business plan for the production of paving stones. Small production of paving slabs at home, how and how much. Do I need permission to open a production facility?

When improving any territory, you cannot do without a convenient and beautiful road surface. Production paving slabs like a business: profitability, plan with calculations of income and costs in an overview for beginning entrepreneurs.

Pros and cons of paving slab business

Paving slabs - popular construction material for arranging paths and platforms in a wide variety of places:

city parks, squares, roads, squares;
area in front of shops and other business establishments;
courtyards in private and apartment buildings.

Competition in this sector of the economy is very high, but huge volumes of consumption allow all producers of high-quality paving stones to make a profit.

Entrepreneurs are attracted by the following points:

Lack of permits to open a business.
Simplicity of legal registration.
Need for a small number of employees.
Simple technological process.
Opportunity to earn additional income from providing tile laying services.
High level of profitability.

The negative aspects include:

Seasonality - most of the production occurs in the warm season, since a small amount of construction work is carried out in winter.
Same type and monotonous work - due to this, staff turnover is possible.
Expensive equipment - paving stones are produced on a large scale using machines costing up to half a million rubles.

You can download a business plan for the production of paving slabs with calculations at.

Tile production business plan

In order not to miss anything when starting a project for the production of paving slabs, you must adhere to next plan actions:

Marketing market research.
Study of tile production technology.
Registration of an enterprise.
Renting premises.
Purchase of equipment and materials.
Search for workers.
Organization of advertising and sales.
Profitability calculation.

To save time, you can do several things at the same time, for example, purchasing equipment and hiring workers.

The owner of paving slab production may need a business plan if he attracts borrowed money- bank loan or non-commercial loan.

Marketing

There are many varieties of tiles on the market, which differ in characteristics and production methods. Starting from scratch to produce several types at once is expensive and risky. It is better to determine the most in-demand product and only after the enterprise begins to generate stable profits, expand production.

You can identify a sales leader either on your own or by ordering a study marketing company. Also at this stage, it is necessary to determine the lower and upper limits of the price of tiles in order to be able to compete without damaging your own business.

Another option is possible: if, when analyzing the market, a niche turns out to be free, then if there is demand, you can take a strong position in the production of unique products.

Technology

There are three main types of coating:

Ordinary concrete slabs used to pave sidewalks and paths. Color and shape can be very diverse, even with 3D design.
Tiles from polymer plastic. With the help of additives, it is given the necessary properties - frost resistance, reinforcement, water resistance. Polymer tiles have a longer service life, are easier to process and more pleasant to use than concrete tiles.
Soft paving slabs. Basis for production - crushed car tires. This coating is used in the construction of sports fields, outdoor swimming pools and other places where there is a danger of injury. The tile can withstand a wide temperature range and is highly resistant to adverse environment, has a non-slip rubber surface.

In production, two approaches are used:

Vibration casting is a simple and cheap method of producing tiles that are not very durable and of high quality. First prepared in a concrete mixer concrete mixture from cement, crushed stone, sand and additives. Then the mixture is poured into molds on a vibrating table, which operates until the surface of the tile is moistened. The molds are dried on pallets indoors for two days, then heated for several minutes to 60ºC-70ºC to remove the tiles on a vibrating table. During the process of heating and beating out the matrix, cracks and chips may form on the paving stones, especially if unskilled labor and cheap equipment are used.
Vibropressing and hyperpressing - this method uses expensive equipment, but the tiles are obtained High Quality. As with vibratory casting, a molding mixture is prepared, which is compacted with a vibropress or hydraulic press. Such tiles dry for 8-9 hours naturally or 5-6 hours with hot steam. Since manual labor is kept to a minimum, there are practically no defective products.

To produce high-quality tiles, you need to consider the following nuances:

When first used, polymer forms are treated with a special agent that removes static charge. In the future, it is advisable to use emulsol lubricant and, after finishing making the tiles, rinse with a 7% hydrochloric acid solution.
To retain moisture in the tile when drying, it is covered with film. But then the drying time increases.

The finished paving stones are carefully placed on wooden pallets and secured with film and tape. The tiles should be stored in a dry, warm and well-ventilated warehouse.

Legal registration

The owner of an enterprise can register as an individual entrepreneur or open a company with limited liability. Next, you need to register for tax purposes with the Federal Tax Service and social funds. A simplified taxation system makes it possible to submit reports once a year with payment of tax as a percentage of revenue and fixed social contributions.

No special permits are required to conduct activities. If it is necessary to issue a quality certificate to the customer for tiles, you must provide a sample of the product to the certification service.

Room

The production of paving slabs as a business cannot be carried out at home - for the location of equipment and storage finished products on an industrial scale, a room of at least 70 square meters is required. m. In the industrial zone of any city there is a free workshop or a suitable warehouse at an affordable price.

Basic requirements for a mini-plant:

Availability of communications - water supply, sewerage, electricity.
An insulated room and the presence of heating if you plan not to stop production during the cold season.
A change house for workers or the possibility of independently arranging a living area.
Separate sites for production and warehouse.
High ceilings.
Access road adapted for freight transport.

It is advisable to find premises near wholesale centers that sell raw materials for production in order to save on delivery.

Equipment and raw materials

Add to list necessary equipment Any production technology includes:

concrete mixer (to make two-layer tiles you need 2 pieces);
matrices of various standard forms in the amount of 150-200 pieces (there are metal, plastic, wood, silicone);
container for washing molds;
heated container for removing tiles from the matrix;
racks for drying tiles;
pallets for storing finished products;
packaging tools and equipment;
scales;
hydraulic trolley for moving pallets with tiles.

Depending on the method of making paving stones, you will need:

Vibrating table
Hydropress.

New equipment is quite expensive (from 100,000 to 500,000 rubles), while used equipment is 30-40 percent cheaper. You can make a vibrating table and iron forms yourself if you have experience in mechanical engineering and the ability to work with metal. But at the same time, production technology and the quality of the finished product are called into question.

If you have free starting capital, you can purchase a ready-made tile production line for RUB 800,000. - 1,000,000 rub.

Raw materials for concrete paving stones are cheap and available. Recipe for making 1 sq. m. paving slabs 6 cm high:

This is the most common composition among manufacturers. In production you can also use crumb rubber, glue, wire mesh, polymers, clay.

An important point: in order to obtain consistently high-quality products, the components for preparing the mixture must be of the same brand and manufacturer.

Employees

The number of workers required at a paving stone plant depends on the planned output volumes. For example, for production by vibration compaction method 50 sq. m of paving surface will require 3 people per shift:

worker at the machine;
handyman;
loader.

Administrative work, product sales and accounting activities at the enterprise can initially be carried out by the owner. Once the plant becomes profitable, it makes sense to hire specialists.

Particular attention should be paid to safety precautions, and workers should be provided with special clothing and protective equipment.

Sales of products

For a novice entrepreneur, the main buyers of paving slabs are owners of private houses and retail outlets. To receive an order from a construction company, it will be necessary to certify the products.

The first clients may be friends or relatives who need to improve their territory. You need to look for orders through advertisements in local newspapers, construction press, information portals in the Internet. Participation in specialized fairs and exhibitions and contacts with supply agents give good results construction companies.

Sometimes customers receive orders for tiles with installation. To provide turnkey services, you can enter into an agreement with an installation organization or hire workers for each case.

To attract large customers, you need to make discounts, for example, when purchasing a certain number of products, offer free shipping and provide a guarantee for operation.

Video: how to open a paving slab production business?

Economic calculations

To determine the amount of investment in a tile project, you need to make a cost-income calculation and calculate whether it is profitable to engage in this business.

Starting production using the vibrocompression method includes the following costs:

Half of the investment is the cost of purchasing equipment. Vibratory casting technology does not use expensive equipment and you can start a business with 700,000 rubles available. — 750,000 rub.

Fixed manufacturing costs paving stones per month consist of:

Cost of 1 sq. m of paving slabs will cost the entrepreneur 280 rubles. In the process of work, additional costs may arise for equipment repairs, product certification, incentive payments to employees, etc.

The plant's income will depend on the volume of production and sales of tiles. Presumably, with a production rate per day of 50 sq. m of paving stones and sales of 80% at 600 rubles, monthly turnover will be:

With such calculations, the investment will pay off in 4 months - this is a very high figure for production. If you also provide tile laying services, the profitability will be even higher.

In this article:

Starting the production of paving slabs (paving stones) is much easier than, for example, setting up production food products or clothes. Why? Yes, because to open such a business you will not need any special licenses. You simply open a private enterprise - and go ahead.

In fact, you don’t even need to be too meticulous about paving slab production technology. You can open such a business without having any skills in construction or related fields.

Production of paving slabs: business plan

Step 1: Certification

Finished products of such production do not require mandatory certification. However, it is worth pursuing certification. Buyers will be more willing to purchase a product that meets high quality standards and has a certificate confirming this. Fortunately, the necessary expertise won't cost too much: 100-300 dollars.

Step 2: Room

Any room, for example, a warehouse or production area, is suitable for a workshop. It is best if your production is located in an industrial zone and has convenient access routes. The main condition is that the premises are located near cheap raw material bases (this way you will save on the delivery of raw materials, such as concrete).

Other characteristics of the room:

Room area for small production paving slabs (up to 100 m2 of tiles per shift) should be at least 70-80 m2. The larger the production volumes, the larger the area should be;
An electrical network with a voltage of 380 W must be supplied;
Cold water is supplied (it is also desirable to have hot water);
It is desirable that the workshop be heated.

You will also need a separate heated room with warm floors, in which the temperature will be maintained at 40-45° all year round. Its dimensions must be no less than the workshop space. This room should be allocated for a drying chamber, as well as a warehouse.

Total monthly rental cost for all premises: 500-1000 dollars per month.

Step 3: Equipment

The description of the technology is quite comprehensive, so it is included in a separate chapter.

Equipment

Cheap manual equipment will cost many times less. However, when purchasing such equipment, you will have to put up with a number of restrictions:

Mostly manual labor;
Low quality of products;
Small production volumes;
Low energy efficiency of equipment.

More expensive analogues (both domestic and foreign) are almost always automated and guarantee the production of high quality products. They also allow you to increase labor productivity, provide low energy consumption and a number of other advantages.

There are 2 most common technologies for the production of paving slabs and paving stones:

Vibration pressing;
Vibrocasting.

The use of each of these technologies will require the purchase of a different set of equipment. Moreover, each method is characterized by several levels of mechanization - from completely automated production before attracting workers to perform most of the manipulations. Let's look at each method in more detail.

Vibration pressing

This method uses a brick press to produce paving slabs. This happens as follows:

Using a mixer, the concrete mixture is prepared;
The finished mixture is fed from the mixer to the brick making press using a conveyor;
A brick press compresses the mixture, forming finished products - tile blocks;
Next, the finished products are moved to special pallets or storage racks, where they are aged for 12 hours;
Finished products are packaged and prepared for shipment to the buyer.

Often all these procedures are performed by one single unit. It is a fully automated conveyor type line. In this case, workers only need to add the correct proportions of the ingredients necessary to mix the mixture.

There are also less automated lines where some stages of production are performed by people. They usually cost less than their fully automated counterparts, but product quality may suffer from such savings. Advantages of vibrocompression:

This method implies high performance labor;
Products obtained by this method are more durable and frost-resistant;
They are designed in strict geometry;
Such products are more durable.

Vibrocasting

In fact, with this method the only type of equipment is a vibrating table for the production of paving slabs. It can be an automated line with a conveyor and automatic knockout of finished products, or it can be very simple and inexpensive. Using this method, tiles are made as follows:

The finished mixture is poured into molds for the production of paving slabs;
Next, the forms are placed on a vibrating table;
A vibrating table is a special machine for the production of paving slabs. It has a vibrating surface, and forms are kept on it for a certain time;
The forms are removed from the vibrating table and left in a warm room for 12 hours;
Finished products are knocked out of pouring molds. This is done in such a way that the products do not come out with chips.

This technology can also be highly automated, but options are also possible when all procedures except vibration processing are performed by workers. In this case, you are essentially producing paving slabs with your own hands.

Equipment for vibratory casting is cheaper than for vibrocompression. Products obtained by this method can be of various configurations and sizes - it all depends on the casting molds. It has a smoother surface and attractive appearance.

Otherwise, the products obtained by this method are inferior in quality to their pressed counterparts (see “Advantages of vibration compaction”). In terms of price, the production of paving slabs by vibration casting is slightly more expensive than by vibrocompression. This happens due to the fact that concrete is consumed less economically.

The approximate cost of the equipment will be 3,000-10,000 dollars. With both vibration casting and vibration extrusion, you only need 3-5 workers to start production. However, they do not need any special skills or education. Monthly salary fund: 1,000-2,000 dollars.

Total starting capital: $5,000-14,000.

Alternative option

What is the fastest way to start producing paving slabs? It is known that it takes several months to launch such a business from scratch. In addition, you can often make a mistake at first due to inexperience. That is why you can buy the production of paving slabs. It is worth noting that the purchase is justified only if the purchased enterprise has a large production facility.

Let's consider the advantages and disadvantages of such a purchase. Let's start with advantages:

You can start working right away. Production (and often sales) of products are already well established. You can immediately begin to implement all your fresh and bright ideas for improving your business;
You don’t need to look for premises and equipment, everything is already done for you;
Experienced staff. When you buy a business, you also buy the services of all its employees. You will almost certainly have to part with some of them, but there are also those who will help you quickly get used to it and understand the essence of this business.

Minuses:

High price. Buying a business costs much more than starting the production and sale of paving slabs from scratch. In fact, you are overpaying for so-called “goodwill”. This English word denote everything that cannot be measured in meters, kilograms or pieces. However, it includes everything that is critical for business - an established team, well-established relationships with suppliers and customers, a recognizable brand, etc. “Goodwill” cannot be measured, but it has its own price, which can often be higher than the price of all assets of the purchased production;
Underwater rocks. Have you ever thought why the current owner decided to sell his successful business? It happens that the reason lies in production problems that may not be obvious to an outsider. It turns out that you buy a company only to discover that even more serious investments are required to correct the situation;
You can buy a plant for the production of paving slabs and understand that everything there is not organized as it should be organized in a good way. Low labor productivity, poor product quality, too high costs - all this most often depends on incorrect management decisions. Correcting the situation can be very expensive. In the worst case, you will simply have to close the old plant and start all over again.

These are just a few obvious disadvantages that lie on the surface. If you know nothing about the production of paving slabs and have no experience in this field, you should be very careful about the possibility of purchasing a company.

That's probably all you need to know about the production of paving slabs. As you can see, there is nothing complicated about this, and your own small production will not require colossal investments. If things get going, it might be wise to expand production. At the initial stage, you just need to trust your instincts and try your hand at business.

Organization of a workshop for the production of paving slabs using vibration casting technology: production of floor street tiles, curbs, gutters, as well as provision of services (both intermediary and direct) for laying.

Russian roads, as before, remain one of the sore subjects, and this applies to both roadways and pedestrian areas. The first problem in the aspect under consideration is of little interest to us, but the second option may be quite interesting in terms of prospects for the development of your business. The fact is that the asphalt, most of which was laid back in Soviet times, has long been in need of replacement. In many major cities, starting from the capital, this process has been going on for a long time, others are in line settlements. In recent years, paving slabs have become an alternative to the old coating. Its production will be discussed.

Of course, it would be naive to assume that luxurious municipal contracts will go to a novice businessman, but Moscow was not built right away. On the contrary, participation large manufacturers gives small owners a chance to fulfill bulk orders. Since laying paving slabs is a seasonal event, in the spring-autumn period, under favorable circumstances, you can find a sufficient number of clients by completing small orders in the private sector. In addition, the owners small shops, open cafes and other small businesses are more willing to place orders from modest entrepreneurs like themselves. Therefore, the likelihood that you will be left without orders is very small.

Related business areas for the production of paving stones

— What types of activities will you most likely have to engage in besides the production of paving slabs?

Planning own business for the production of paving slabs, it is necessary to take into account the multi-vector nature of this type entrepreneurial activity. All other directions are also related to construction work, they can be considered interdependent. Among the most likely activities are:

Providing services for laying paving slabs.

You can hire a team or do it yourself with your employees, it all depends on the volume of incoming orders at the initial stage. It should be noted that There is no point in abandoning the development of this direction in no case.

Firstly, you will simply lose profits.
Secondly, there may be downtime that is associated with the technological features of paving stone production, and in order not to incur losses because of them, it is necessary to insure yourself.
Thirdly, customers of small volumes of products prefer to deal with those who provide a full range of services.

Production of related products

Technological base and existing equipment make it possible to establish not only the production of paving slabs, but also curbs, gutters, facing stones and fences. All these products are in demand in construction. Considering that the ennoblement adjacent areas in the private sector has been in full swing in recent years, you can make very good money on it. As in the case of laying paving stones, it is a good idea to engage not only in the manufacture of the above listed products, but also in the cladding of building facades, as well as the installation of European fences.

Ways to promote products

— What steps should you take to study the market?

All the rosy prospects described may remain in dreams if small steps are not carried out. marketing research. Yes, even for such a small business they are necessary, since their results determine, first of all, the size of your investment and the guarantee that it will not be in vain.

Nothing too complicated this event does not represent, but spend time on study of potential demand and calculation of market capacity will have to be done. There is no need to hire anyone for these purposes, nor do you need to pay for an abstruse analysis of the construction market. It is enough to independently study the information about the volume of sales and production of paving slabs in your region to understand whether it makes sense to do this, and what the start should be.

— How to properly search for clients at the initial stage?

Successful search for clients at the initial stage can be considered no less important than the availability of your own start-up capital. Perhaps the first point is even more important than the second. The specificity of this type of business is such that in order to attract customers it may be necessary to the most effective and efficient simple ways .

Posting notices in public places

Modest announcements with an offer for the production and laying of paving slabs can provide you with more customers than expensive advertising. Naturally, the place where you leave them plays a huge role. Much more valuable in this sense are places where people living in the private sector gather: shops, bus stops, railway stations of country and suburban villages. Most likely, this is where your first clients will be found, even if the initial volumes will be small, but, as they say: from the world one by one...

Free advertising on Internet bulletin boards

However, it should not be ignored modern methods informing the population of your region about the services you provide. Weekly newspapers with advertisements have been replaced by advertising and information sites. By resorting to their help, you can reach a large audience, and also, which is very important, provide maximum information about your enterprise.

Examples of advertisements on the Internet for sale and production of paving slabs:

What is important is that Internet technologies allow people who see your proposal to familiarize themselves not only with the textual content, but also look at photographs of previously completed work. Such visualization does its job, since the saying is better to see once than to hear a hundred times for a reason - this is consumer psychology. It will be great if the images are yours best works will reinforce a good “catchy” text.

Booklets with examples of work

It also doesn't hurt to order a batch. printing products. Booklets will not ruin you, a batch of 3000 pieces will cost about 4000-5000 rubles. Even if 3 people contact you, the costs of printing and distributing them will more than pay off.

Examples of booklets with paving slabs for clients

True, you need to be able to present yourself in a favorable light and convince the reader to call you. In this case, you can use the well-founded fears regarding the relatively short service life of the tiles. After all, each of us has repeatedly seen crumbling paving stones; all customers are afraid that the same thing will happen to their coating.

Such fears can be used to your advantage. In fact, a considerable percentage of paving slabs become unusable not because of poor quality, but due to improper care. Provide people with comprehensive information about this problem in your brochures and offer your company's help to solve it. This move will help you increase the number of orders.

Technology

— At the initial stage of business to Which tile production technology should you choose and why?

Clinker tiles

There are several basic technologies according to which tiles are produced. The highest quality and most expensive is clinker paving stones, which is made by firing high-quality clay. Despite all the excellent quality characteristics, demand for it is limited due to the high price, which is dictated by the high cost of production of this type of product.

Appearance of clinker paving stones

In addition, difficulties may arise with the uninterrupted supply of raw materials. In addition, there is a psychological factor: not every client is ready to overpay, even for a very high-quality and durable coating, preferring a more modest option. This mental peculiarity of fellow citizens is caused by uncertainty about the future; too few people are ready to invest in long-term projects, and this applies to both business and any other projects.

Based on the above, we can identify three main reasons why a novice entrepreneur with limited starting capital You shouldn’t immediately start mastering the production of clinker raw materials :

Expensive equipment and raw materials.
The need for additional permitting documentation for firing products in kilns.
Limited quantity customers - even if someone decides to purchase clinker paving stones, they are unlikely to trust a manufacturer without a name and reputation.

Paving slabs can also be produced by:

Vibrocasting with the addition of plasticizing and pigmenting additives (read more about the technology for producing paving slabs using the vibration casting method);
Vibrocompression hard cement-sand mixtures with low water content.

Appearance of paving slabs made using vibro-casting technology

These methods make it possible to organize the production of small and medium-sized batches of concrete tiles with low porosity. Although this product is inferior in its aesthetic and quality characteristics clinker paving stones, it is quite in demand in construction market.

It should not be considered an inferior product, which does not meet operational standards. Subject to technology at each stage production cycle you will be able to provide customers with paving slabs and related products at an affordable price, the service life of which is at least 25 years. This ratio of price, quality and durability suits most customers, which is why small businesses choose these technologies. Moreover, in the vast majority of cases, preference is given to the casting method, since it is believed that it makes it possible to achieve higher quality tiles with at the lowest cost.

Premises requirements

— What factors are involved in choosing a suitable production facility?

Temperature

This process is based on the gradual hardening of a porous cement-sand mixture with special additives. First, this happens in molding containers, and then the paving stones and other products reach their condition on pallets. It should be taken into account that temperature in the workshop for tile production should not fall below +15 °C, therefore the room must be heated. Despite the seasonal nature of the work at the initial stage, you must take into account the prospects for the development and expansion of the business, when in winter the necessary supplies are prepared for intensive work on laying tiles and facing the facades of buildings in the spring-autumn period.

Production area

Room area must be at least 60 square meters, and this is just minimum required- the more spacious the workshop, the better. But still, when choosing, first of all, profitability should be taken into account. If you are going to rent a room, then paying rent and heating for empty space in the hope of further development is not practical. You need to be completely confident in a rapid and significant increase in orders. In all other cases, it is recommended to make do with the necessary minimum space required for manufacturing, drying, and storing finished products and raw materials.

Communications

Since this production is based on vibration casting technology, it is required continuous supply of a considerable amount of water. Therefore, the presence of communications capable of providing your workshop with it in the required volumes is prerequisite. It is also necessary three-phase power supply. The factor of manual loading and unloading of raw materials and finished products must be taken into account. Many people start their business this way, so you need to try to choose a room so that this process is as easy as possible.

Equipment

In order to start making paving slabs, you don’t need any overly complex equipment. Equipment for the production of paving slabs. Moreover, you can either make almost everything you need yourself or order it from local Kulibins. This feature makes this business even more attractive and cost-effective. The scale of such savings in comparison with factory products can be understood by analyzing the list of all devices:

	Two concrete mixers - 17,000-20,000 rubles
	Forms for pouring tiles. There are three types of material from which they are made: polyurethane, PVC (plastic) and rubber. Rubber is the most durable. It can withstand about 500 cycles, while plastic - 250, and polyurethane - about 100. The cost of molds for one square meter starts from 250-300 rubles.
	Forms for borders and gutters - from 150 rubles per square meter
	Packaging equipment: a combined device for tensioning the tape and clamping staples, PP or metal tape, stretch film - from 3,000 rubles without the cost of strapping and packaging material.
	Hydraulic rokla - from 7,000 thousand rubles.
	Reinforced PVC film for covering molds - from 45 rubles per linear meter
	Vibrating table
	Stripping table
	Racks for storing tiles in molds
	Pallets

The items presented in paragraphs 6-11 can be made independently. For their production, used metal is used, which significantly reduces their cost, and all other components can be purchased at a much lower price. In addition, ordering equipment from private individuals eliminates a whole string of trade and transport surcharges, which allows you to minimize your costs. To get acquainted with the price of everything, visit the selection of equipment for the production of tiles using the vibration casting method.

Pallets (pallets) are also made independently: there should not be any special problems with wood anywhere in Russia. Naturally, it is quite difficult to name even approximate prices for this equipment, since there are too many individual characteristics and special cases.

Purchase of raw materials

— What are the features of purchasing material and choosing a supplier?

Strict and strict adherence to the proportions of the composition of the initial mixture and technological process- the key to producing high-quality durable products. The success of all your endeavors primarily depends on these factors. For making paving stones it is necessary to use such starting materials:

cement;
sand;
granite crushed stone fraction 5-10 mm;
plasticizer C-3;
air-entraining SNV additive;
pigment.

In principle, give some specific recommendations regarding mutually beneficial cooperation with suppliers it is simply unrealistic. All issues are resolved locally during the first months of work. It is advisable to achieve from trade organizations regardless flexible shape payment, but this becomes possible only after some time; no one will immediately provide discounts and the possibility of deferring some of the payments to a beginning entrepreneur, at least this happens in the vast majority of cases.

When purchasing materials, preference should be given to the same manufacturers, this is especially important when performing large order. Change trademark any of the components can lead to a change in the color of the tiles, which can lead to all sorts of problems and losses.

Manufacturing process

— What are the main stages of the paving slab manufacturing process?

Since this material is not intended to teach anyone a new craft, detailed description technology is of no use here. Moreover, there are different techniques and secrets that you will need to independently comprehend from the very minute you make the final decision regarding the type of your business activity. However, it is still worth highlighting the main stages of the production cycle so that an interested person can understand what we are talking about and whether he is capable of running such a business. Production of paving slabs using vibration casting method happens as follows:

A cement-sand mixture is prepared in concrete mixers;
The finished composition is laid out in forms on a vibrating table;
The mixture in the molds is given the required density on a vibrating table;
Forms with compacted composition are put on racks, covered with PVC film and kept for 24 hours;
The molds with the frozen mixture are heated in a bath of warm water;
The products are being stripped;
Paving slabs are laid on pallets, where they are kept for a certain period until they are completely ready.

Packaging, storage and transportation of finished products

As noted just now, the distribution of paving stones to clients and their installation may not be carried out immediately. In summer, products are purchased required characteristics in a week, and in winter period- after 28 days. After stripping, the tiles are stacked on pallets in the “front - back” sequence, wrapped with stretch film and reinforced with PP fastening tape.

It is clear that moving such a mass without the use of rigging equipment is simply unrealistic; for these purposes, they are used rokly. In addition, it is important to properly arrange the loading area. Removing finished products from the workshop area by manually transferring paving slabs into the back of a truck is very time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, this final stage of the production cycle should be carefully considered.

Development prospects

Having mastered all the intricacies of production and earned a reputation, you can think about expanding capacities, as well as the types of services provided. At the beginning of the article it was already mentioned what you can do at the same time, making tiles for sidewalks. In addition, you will be contacted with other questions and requests regarding the improvement of local areas and the construction different types buildings

To make your business more profitable and withstand competition, sooner or later you will need to purchase more advanced equipment that will increase your capabilities. Such possible acquisitions include:

A high-performance conveyor-type installation for the production of tiles and building blocks using the vibration pressing method.

Despite the serious costs when compared with initial costs, the mentioned acquisitions are much more profitable for business in all respects than attracting additional labor and expanding production according to the original model. At this stage you need to think strategically, and if you are not ready for this, then someone will definitely get ahead of you.

Sales technology

A sample business plan for the production of paving slabs on a mini-enterprise scale. Paving slabs are a popular material that is widely used in paving streets and territories. Paving slabs have a number of advantages over asphalt pavement

Paving slabs are a popular material that is widely used in paving streets and areas. Paving slabs have a number of advantages over asphalt pavement:

Longer service life (up to 30 years);
Environmentally friendly, since only safe components are used in the production of tiles;
Strength, the material is not damaged by changes in temperature and humidity, and can also withstand heavy loads;
Colorful appearance and unique design.

Today there is a large selection of equipment for the production of paving slabs, from manual to automatic lines. The production itself can be organized in almost any room with an area of 80 m2. Two workers can easily handle the production of 1000 m2 of paving slabs per month.

Do I need permission to open a production facility?

To organize the production of paving slabs, it is enough to register individual entrepreneurship . As tax systems the best option is the simplified taxation system (STS), 6% of revenue or 15% of profit.

Let's calculate the main indicators economic efficiency production of paving slabs using vibration casting method.

Introductory information:

Production area: 90m2;
Type of property: rent (25 thousand rubles/month);
Number of shifts: 1 shift;
Productivity per shift: 50 m2 of tiles or 1100 m2 per month;
Number of working days in a month: 22 days.

How much money do you need for a business producing paving slabs?

Capital costs for starting a paving slab production business will be 358,500 rubles.

Download business plan for the production of paving slabs

Material costs for the production of 1 m2 of paving slabs are 169.36 rubles.

Payment costs wages will amount to 32,000 rubles per month.

The cost of production of 1 m2 of paving slabs is 252.8 rubles. Total monthly expenses are 278,036 rubles.

How much can you earn in the production of paving slabs?

Conclusion: Net profit enterprises producing paving slabs will amount to 137.6 thousand rubles per month. The profitability of production at such indicators is 49.5%, and the payback period for capital investments is only 2.6 months. It is worth considering that such indicators are possible subject to 100% sales of all manufactured products, which is 1100 m2 of paving slabs per month.

We recommend download business plan for the production of paving slabs from our partners, with a quality guarantee. This is a full-fledged, ready-made project that you will not find in the public domain. Contents of the business plan: 1. Confidentiality 2. Summary 3. Stages of project implementation 4. Characteristics of the object 5. Marketing plan 6. Technical and economic data of the equipment 7. Financial plan 8. Risk assessment 9. Financial and economic justification of investments 10. Conclusions

Step-by-step opening plan, where to start

A significant advantage in organizing a business for the production of paving slabs is the absence of the need to obtain special licenses and mandatory certification.

In this regard, it is necessary to draw up a business plan taking into account the following factors:

Registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC, depending on the volume of sales and production.
Selection of premises for production.
Purchase and installation of necessary equipment.
Recruitment and training of personnel.
Setting up sales of products to the sales market, establishing supply agreements with sales representatives.

What equipment is needed to produce paving stones?

Set up mass production paving slabs is possible only with high-quality equipment. You will need to purchase:

Forming and unmolding vibrating tables.
Plastic molds for creating the required tile sizes.
Special mineral additives to the concrete composition, strengthening its structure and giving the desired parameters.
Various dyes.

Don’t forget to organize the purchase of raw materials for production - cement, sand and crushed stone.

Which OKVED code to indicate when registering a business?

When submitting documents for registration of individual entrepreneurs, it is necessary to indicate the OKVED code 2. 23.6: production of products from concrete, cement and gypsum.

What documents are needed to open

Registration of a business will require registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC. In the first case, the businessman must submit a notarized application for business registration indicating the OKVED code, a photocopy of the passport and ID code, as well as a receipt for payment of the state fee. If you want to additionally receive a quality certificate, then you need to contact the appropriate organization, which will conduct an analysis for compliance with GOST, identifying indicators of humidity, frost resistance, mechanical strength, etc.

Which tax system to choose

In most cases, entrepreneurs register a business by choosing single tax on imputed income. A simplified taxation system would also be suitable.

Sales technology

You can sell tiles immediately after setting up production, based on samples. The company should have samples of tiles prepared so that the buyer can navigate the assortment in advance. You should not focus on one type, but rather produce paving slabs different sizes and different types.

In addition to selling, it is advisable to provide Additional services: transportation, laying and project design development. This will increase business profitability by 20-30%. You can expand your customer base through advertising: placing city banners, as well as creating and posting information on a website on the Internet.

There are a huge number of important products on the construction market. One of them is paving slabs, which partially or completely covers pedestrian areas near roads and other areas, such as squares, etc. In this article we will try to consider in detail the business plan for the production of paving slabs and find out whether it makes sense to open such a business in Russia. Please note that competition in this area is quite high, but the demand from construction companies and individuals for this material is also significant.

Some general information

You must understand that this is a seasonal business, so you will receive your main income from spring to mid-autumn. To create your own small factory, you will need to invest quite a lot. This amount will not be less if you purchase a business that is ready to launch. In the latter case, on the one hand, you have an order of magnitude less hassle, and on the other, you do not control the quality of the assembly of the production line, which is not good. The main direction is the production of paving slabs, but along with this, no one is stopping you from making 3D, luminous or even polymer tiles. All this will allow you to attract maximum customers short term and acquire precious regular customers. But let's go further and talk about creating a business as such.

Registration and selection of production premises

Before you start, you must draw up a competent business plan for the production of paving slabs. The first step is to obtain the status of an individual entrepreneur. This registration form will be sufficient for you. Since the production of paving slabs is not subject to any additional certification, the procedure for obtaining a license is much simpler. However, there is one "but" here.

As practice shows, most buyers prefer to purchase tiles tested by experts. Therefore, you must submit your product for examination, where it will be tested for frost resistance, strength and abrasion. If the result is satisfactory, then you will receive a product quality certificate that you can show off to customers. As for the production premises, the main thing here is to find a plant with an area of more than 70 square meters. The location can be almost any, since there are no special requirements for this item. To connect modern equipment you will need 360 V. In addition, you need to select a location for installation drying chamber, where the temperature should be around 40 degrees Celsius.

We buy equipment for the production of paving slabs

You have several options. One of them is production by vibration pressing. In order to set up production in this way, you will need to buy a brick press. The higher its performance, the higher the price. An average-capacity unit will cost you about $20,000. Of course, we cannot do without a concrete mixer, as well as a punch. For all this you will spend no more than 8-10 thousand.

As noted a little above, there are several production methods. In order to organize the production of tiles using the second method, that is, vibration casting, you will need less money, since the technology here is a little different, and we will talk about this a little below. The main equipment is a vibrating table worth 6-7 thousand dollars and a concrete mixer. The price of the latter may vary, depending on the brand and capacity. On average it is 600-1000 dollars. You also need to buy molds for future tiles. Here you choose for yourself - which ones you like best, buy those. For one form you need to pay about 10-20 dollars.

Production technology using vibration pressing method

There are three main stages worth highlighting here. The first step is to prepare the concrete. A concrete mixer is used for this. As a rule, two types of mixture are in use. If it is made single-layer, then one concrete mixer is needed, if it is made of two layers, then, accordingly, two. After the molding mass is obtained, it must be transported to a brick making machine.

At the second stage, the press vibrator and punch work. The presence of pulses contributes to the compaction of the mixture. According to the technology, the process should last only 3-5 seconds, after which the matrix is raised and the remaining tray is sent to the drying chamber.

On final stage The tile “reaches” its full readiness. To do this, it is dried in steam. It is extremely important to choose the right duration. The fact is that with increasing time, the strength of the product increases. So, after 6-8 hours of drying, the product can withstand a load of 2 MPa, which is quite enough.

Vibration casting technology

In essence, these two methods are somewhat similar, but the sequence and some details are slightly different. Here, for example, it is possible to establish the production of paving slabs from waste (sand, polyethylene, etc.). In principle, this is a good solution that will help significantly reduce the cost of purchasing raw materials. At the first stage of this technology, the mixture is prepared: polyethylene is melted and sand is mixed with cement. After this, the mass is placed in pre-prepared tile molds. Next, the molds are laid out on pallets, and the product is left in this form for about two days. At the final stage, the finished tile must be removed from the mold. This is not so easy to do. The easiest way is to use short-term heating (1-2 minutes), and then remove the tile.

Profitability, product sales and personnel recruitment

Most experts cite very good numbers when they talk about the profitability of such a business. If we take the average value, then it is 100-130%. Here you need to understand that there is a place for defective products. There is no escape from this; your business plan for the production of paving slabs must take this into account. The only thing that can help is the continued use of an unusable product in construction.

The wider the range of forms and types of products you produce, the easier it will be to sell them. The number of loyal customers will constantly increase, but only if you can give them what they want. To begin with, it is recommended to purchase lines for the production of paving slabs of medium productivity. If everything is successful, you can expand further. Much depends on the capacity of the plant. If the daily output does not exceed 50 square meters of tiles, then 3-4 people who will be responsible for the process are quite enough.

A little about advertising your business

If you ask yourself what it takes to produce paving slabs, the answer to this question is relatively simple: good equipment and smart workers. However, for its implementation it is necessary good publicity. This approach will significantly speed up the process of increasing the popularity of your organization. Place an advertisement in the newspaper that a new factory has opened for the production of tiles for every taste. Post some bright updates on the Internet, describe your assortment, etc. Of course, you may not be active, buyers will still come, but not so soon and not in such numbers. Competent advertising can do a lot, believe me.

A few important points

This business can be called profitable and profitable, however, it is subject to seasonality, which should not be forgotten. If you wish, you can preserve your production for several months. You can set up the production of paving slabs as a business quite quickly, since there is no additional certification required and there are no special requirements for production premises. The main thing is that it is safe for the working staff and clean. Offer your clients transportation and tile laying services. This way you organize a full range of services, and this is very attractive to the buyer.

Conclusion

So we looked at the main details on this topic. Organize the production of paving slabs from plastic bottles, and you will not only save on the purchase of raw materials, but will also be able to make a high-quality product. However, you must understand that they will not buy even high-quality tiles from you at a high price, especially if you have just opened. Therefore, you must have good products at an affordable price. This is roughly what your paving slab production business plan should look like. There is no complex technological process and many units, so you can organize such a thing quite quickly. But we must not forget about quality control at all stages of production; your staff must monitor this.