Social work professiogram. Features of the professiogram of a specialist in social work. Professional portrait of a social worker


Profession presentation

Speciality social worker still very young, one might say, is in adolescence. It appeared in the 90s. Until the early 1990s, only three countries of the world - the USSR, Brazil and China - did not have professionally trained specialists in social work and, accordingly, educational institutions where they would be trained. In other countries, for over a century, social workers have been helping everyone who needs help and support. The profession "social worker" brings together specialists different directions and specializations: social services for the population, providing different types social services and assistance, provision of social support measures, social payments, legal and psychological counseling, protection of the rights of the working population, rehabilitation of disabled people and much more.
The specialty of a social worker combines a number of knowledge in other specialties. Primarily in psychology, medicine, sociology, jurisprudence, pedagogy, economics and a number of other specialties. Future social workers should be able to provide first aid, since their profession is associated with the category of citizens who need it; conduct all kinds of trainings, provide psychological assistance; carry out advisory activities on socio-legal, socio-economic and other issues. The role of a social worker is to improve the material and living conditions of the citizens entrusted to him, to ensure their social and legal protection.
Advantages of the profession: the profession of a social worker gives moral satisfaction and a sense of one's own need and social significance; is in high demand on the labor market
Limitations of the profession: a high level of responsibility and psycho-emotional stress.
Profession type and class
The profession of a social worker is of the "Human - Human" type, which is focused on communication and interaction with people, providing assistance, showing compassion and empathy.
The profession of a social worker belongs to the performing class.

Activity content
A social worker is involved in providing assistance and support to certain vulnerable and vulnerable segments of the population: pensioners, lonely old people, disabled people, refugees, children from disadvantaged families, orphans, refuseniks and those over whom custody or adoption is registered, persons who have difficulties with finding a job, injured at work, etc.
The social worker monitors and identifies the circle of people in need of help, supervision or counseling; holds receptions, conversations, consultations; carries out regular visits to the locations of the wards, monitors their life and living conditions; determines the degree and nature of his own intervention in the problem; is engaged in the coordination and supervision of the activities of a number of social structures (applies to medical institutions, law enforcement agencies, etc.); makes purchases of food products, medicines, everyday goods, provides help around the house; if necessary, provide all possible medical assistance; seeks the appointment of benefits. If the ward is in hospital, the social worker is obliged to visit him in the hospital.

Requirements for the knowledge and skills of a specialist
In the profession of a social worker, personal qualities play more important role than knowledge, skills and qualifications. In the foreground is the readiness for compassion, patience, the desire to help people, the ability to accept others as they are. But the profession still requires some special knowledge and skills.

A social worker should know:

  • legal framework, acts and regulations governing social relations;
  • techniques for providing emergency first aid;
  • specifics of working with elderly people, children;
  • complex of sciences (psychology, medicine, sociology, economics, law, etc.);
  • possess information about the current problems of the social and humanitarian sphere;
  • basics of first aid.
A social worker should be able to:
  • to provide assistance in matters of career guidance and employment;
  • provide first aid;
  • be able to resolve emerging conflict situations;
  • be able to use words to conduct psychotherapy, relieve stress, fear, adapt the client to appropriate conditions, correct his behavior and assessments;
  • be able to provide services related to the process of rehabilitation of patients after discharge from the hospital;
  • be able to listen.
Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist

For successful activities as a social worker, the following professionally important qualities are required:

  • interest and desire to work with people, desire to help people;
  • tact, benevolence, responsiveness;
  • well-developed attention (such parameters as volume, distribution and switching);
  • good memory;
  • constant self-control;
  • organization;
  • general culture and erudition, competent and intelligible speech;
Working conditions

Depending on the specification and qualifications, the social worker works most or less of the time indoors and outdoors under conditions of increased emotional and mental stress.

Medical contraindications
Medical restrictions for a social worker:

  • cardiovascular diseases;
  • diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
  • mental ailments and disorders of the nervous system, which reduce overall performance and balance in communication, actions, etc.;
  • chronic infectious and skin-venereal diseases;
  • people who are bacterio - and virus carriers, as well as those who have bad habits (smoking, drug addiction, etc.).
Basic education
The profession implies the presence of a secondary vocational (technical school, college) or higher education.

Ways to get a profession
You can get a profession in the city of Krasnoyarsk at the Siberian State University of Technology", KGBPOU" Achinsk College of Industry Technologies and Business "(Achinsk), KGAPOU" Krasnoyarsk College of Services and Entrepreneurship.

Areas of application of the profession
Depending on the specialization, representatives of this profession can work:

  • in organs social protection population;
  • centers of labor and employment;
  • rehabilitation centers of various profiles;
  • in centers of social assistance to families and children;
  • orphanages and boarding schools;
  • homes for the disabled and the elderly;
  • centers for the provision of psychosocial assistance to the population;
  • Pension Fund, Social Insurance Fund;
  • in the bodies of guardianship and trusteeship.
Career prospects
Career opportunities are small. There is a chance someday to take the place of the head of any social center, or a leading position in the bodies of social protection of the population.

Introduction

A social worker is a merciful, kind profession that officially appeared in Russia just 20 years ago. With the transition of the country to market economy The most difficult of all was to cope with unprotected segments of the population: lonely frail old people, lonely mothers and fathers, disabled people, seriously ill people and children deprived of parental care. Representatives of a new profession - social workers - came to their aid.

A social worker is a qualified professional who works in public sphere, has to do with people's lives and their relationships in society. This is a doctor, a priest, a psychologist all rolled into one. Many of the elderly today are lonely, helpless and poor. Providing them with emotional support is the most important thing. They need not only medical care, medicines, but sometimes basic care and solving everyday problems. It is difficult to find a more noble profession, they work by vocation, random people do not stay here. In Western countries, the profession of a social worker is one of the three most respected in society, along with the professions of a doctor and a lawyer. Main duty an employee of the social protection authorities - to help those who are not able to take care of themselves. For example, in one of the cities of Russia there is a bus service called "Mercy"; in winter, they evacuate the freezing homeless people from the streets. Every year, the employees of this service save hundreds of people from hypothermia and starvation.

In this profession, different specialties are distinguished: social work, organization of deaf communication, organization of work with youth.

Advantages of the profession: the availability of obtaining a profession; the opportunity to do good deeds every day; high social significance.

Limitations of the profession: low wages; not suitable for squeamish people who do not have patience and do not know how to compassion.

As a test, draw up a professiogram for a specialist in social work.

1. Professiogram

The main part of a person's life, as you know, is associated with a certain professional activity. Psychology plays a significant role in solving the problem of "man and profession". In the person of a person who is not engaged in professional activities, society incurs irreparable spiritual and material losses. The personality itself suffers tremendous damage as a result of dissatisfaction with this situation, for a person often becomes a failure only because he at one time could not or did not help him find the place where he would experience satisfaction from work by vocation. In our time, the choice of a profession, professional self-determination is considered as the basis of a person's life self-affirmation in society.

Professiography is a general method of analysis and description labor activity and working conditions, this is a technology for studying the requirements of the profession for personal qualities, psychological abilities, psychological and physical capabilities of a person.

The purpose of professiography is to identify the features of the interaction of a specialist in the process professional activity with objects, means and products of labor, with people around and other phenomena accompanying this activity.

As a result of professiography, professiograms are compiled.

Professiogram is a description of a profession according to certain criteria.

In the next chapter, a professiogram of a specialist in social work of the department of social and legal assistance of the KRKU SO SRTSI "Zelenogorsk" will be compiled. The structure of the professiogram is formed as a result of answering questions.

2. The structure of the profession profile: social work specialist

1. What is the name of the work and what does it consist of?The name of the job, specialty, profession, position, possible workplace - a description of the essential characteristics and specific features of labor.

Social workis a professional activity to provide assistance and support to people, the purpose of which is to assist people and groups in difficult life situations in overcoming personal and social difficulties through support, protection, correction and rehabilitation.

Modern social work is carried out mainly by an extensive network of state social services. It includes many areas and areas, such as: social security, social insurance, social prevention, social rehabilitation, adaptation, therapy, counseling.

Social Work Specialist- an employee who provides services to various social, gender and age, ethnic groups of the population and individuals in need of social assistance, protection and psychological support.

The profession “specialist in social work” has the following specializations: social worker; social worker of the employment service; professional consultant. The work of these workers can be specialized according to age, social, medical criteria (services for children and adolescents, the elderly, the unemployed, the homeless, the blind, the deaf, etc.).

The profession belongs to the type: "Human - Human", it is focused on communication and interaction with people. This requires the ability to establish and maintain business contacts, understand people and understand human relationships, be active, sociable and communicative, have developed speech abilities and verbal thinking, and have emotional stability.

An additional type of profession: "Man - Nature", since it is associated with the care and maintenance of living people, with the prevention and treatment of diseases. This requires a high level of development of observation, attentiveness, physical endurance, aptitude and interest in working with people who need help and care.

2. What is the efficiency and purpose of the work (what is being done and for what purpose)?Purpose of work: products, services; value of work: the value and importance of products or services provided for the enterprise and for the whole country.

The activities of a social work specialist include the provision of material and household assistance and moral and legal support to people with disabilities, lonely elderly people, mothers of many children, orphans, persons suffering from serious ailments, alcoholics and drug addicts, needy citizens who are in a state of depression due to environmental catastrophes, interethnic conflicts and wars, the loss of loved ones.

The spheres of professional activity of a specialist in social work are the social protection system, employment services at the federal, republican, regional levels, as well as local enterprises, institutions and organizations of social assistance to the population, state and non-state institutions, territorial centers and social assistance funds.

The social work specialist fulfills clear, well-defined goals and solves standard, typical tasks.

To the main goals social work as professional activities, the following can be attributed:

an increase in the degree of independence of individuals, their ability to control their lives and more effectively resolve emerging problems;

creation of conditions in which individuals can demonstrate their capabilities to the maximum and get everything that they are entitled to by law;

adaptation or re-adaptation of people in society;

creation of conditions under which a person, despite physical injury, mental breakdown or life crisis, can live, maintaining self-esteem and respect for himself from others;

and as the ultimate goal - the achievement of such a result when the need for the help of a social worker from the client disappears.

3. What is the subject of labor (what is it made of, what is it, with what and with whom it is being worked)?Material, raw materials, semi-finished products, non-material sources - information, written data and documents; finance, maintenance, service provision - ancillary activities.

A social work specialist provides assistance and support to vulnerable socially vulnerable groups in need of social support, assistance, service and protection. Social workers' clients are:

children and young people: children left without parental care; children with special needs; children living with HIV; children and young people of legal risk or in conflict with the law; pupils and graduates of children's institutional institutions; students and graduates of specialized educational and educational institutions; street children; children who have experienced abuse or neglect, witnesses to violence; children involved in trafficking, the worst forms of labor and exploitation of all kinds; children affected by natural disasters, armed conflicts and others;

families and women: low-income families, large families, single parent families, families with a family member with HIV, families with a family member with special needs, families in crisis (survivors of the death of a member, divorce, conflicts, domestic violence, migration, etc. etc.); families affected by natural disasters, armed conflicts; foster families and adoptive families and others;

people with disabilities and their families;

lonely elderly people in need of social support;

people in difficult life situations: survivors of death or serious illnesses of loved ones, who have chronic illnesses, who have lost their jobs, housing and others;

people living with HIV;

people with alcohol and / or drug addiction;

people released from penitentiary institutions and / or serving sentences in closed institutions;

Refugees, etc.

4. How is the work done (how is it done)? Technological process, labor process, operations, task.

The specificity of social work activity is determined by the specific conditions of the workplace.

In duties social work specialistmainly includes:

reception and provision of information at the request of citizens (social assistance, protection, employment, vocational guidance, vocational training, advanced training, psychological support);

consulting on legal issues(registration of guardianship, adoption, deprivation of parental rights, retirement benefits, employment issues, employment) and execution of the relevant documents;

participation in resolving controversial issues (labor, housing, violation of the rights of mothers, pensioners, etc.), the development and implementation of programs for medical and social adaptation and rehabilitation of disabled citizens;

identification and registration of social payments, hospitalization in medical institutions, acceptance for service of the needy categories of citizens.

Social workerserves the persons assigned to him in need of assistance, from 8 to 16 people.

As directed by a social work specialist, performs technical functions: visits the wards at the place of residence, provides them with moral support, provides everyone with food and medicine at his request according to a pre-compiled and agreed list, pays utilities, delivers things to the laundry, the dry cleaner receives pensions and benefits accrued in the name of the ward.

Provides help around the house: makes cleaning and redecorating the apartment, if necessary, prepares food, feeds the ward, processing the personal plot, etc.

In case of illness, the ward provides him with emergency first aid medical assistance (temperature measurement, the imposition of mustard plasters, etc.). Calls a doctor at home, accompanies an appointment at a clinic. In case of hospitalization, the ward visits him in the hospital.

At the request of the ward, he writes letters, makes phone calls to relatives, and also solves other issues faced by lonely, elderly and sick people.

5. On what basis is the work done (on what basis is it done)?Grounds for performing the work: production documentation, instructions, detailed technological instructions, plans, calculations; mediated information, instructions, descriptions, orders.

The work of a social worker has a clearly defined character and is carried out in accordance with the current:

job responsibilities;

legislative and regulatory legal acts;

regulations, orders, orders;

norms of professional ethics,

The profession belongs to the performing profession, it is associated with the execution of decisions, work according to a given pattern, compliance with existing rules and regulations, following instructions. According to the set standards, rules and algorithms, the social work specialist performs the tasks set by other people. Work requires organization, diligence, and the ability to do specific things.

6. What are the criteria for assessing the results of labor (on the basis of which the quality and efficiency of labor are assessed)?Evaluation criteria, norms, time limits, qualification categories.

As a result of the activities of a specialist in social work and the existence of the institution of professional social work, the following results are achievable:

solving or reducing social problems existing in society (problems related to families, children, young people, the elderly, people with disabilities, HIV, alcohol and drug addiction and the problems of others in need of help, protection and support);

prevention of the emergence of various kinds of social problems;

the economic feasibility and benefits of investing in the activities of social workers, contributing to the prevention of the emergence of social problems and their aggravation;

forecasting the emergence of social problems at the level of society, family, various population groups, individuals.

Remuneration of social worker workers is made on the basis of salaries ( official salaries), wage rates by professional qualification groups, taking into account the requirements for vocational training and the level of qualifications, with the use of compensatory and incentive payments.

Name of positions of workers, professions of workers and qualification requirements to them are determined in accordance with the Unified Tariff and Qualification Reference Book of Work and Occupations of Workers (ETKS) and the Unified Qualification Reference Book of the positions of managers, specialists and other employees, approved in accordance with the procedure established by the current Federal legislation.

Social work specialist may be appointed (selected) for leadership position director or deputy director of a boarding school for the elderly and disabled with a rating of 15-18 categories. The work of these workers can be specialized according to age, social, medical criteria (services for children and adolescents, the elderly, the unemployed, the homeless, the blind, the deaf, etc.).

Minimum salaries (official salaries), wage rates for professional qualification groups (hereinafter - PCG), approved by Orders of the Ministry of Health and Social Development Russian Federation dated 31.03.2008 No. 149n "On the approval of professional qualification groups of positions of workers employed in the field of health care and the provision of social services"

7. What qualifications are required for the job (what you need to be able to, know)?Required education, required practical experience, skill, specialization.

This profession, first of all, requires a high level of humanity, the presence of developed intuition, the ability to empathize with someone else's grief, as well as the ability to delve into each specific situation and, based on the circumstances, engage in individual provision required types social assistance.

To successfully master the profession, a social work specialist needs a general awareness of social, humanitarian and moral issues, basic knowledge of history, Russian language, social science is useful.

must know: foundations of ethics, psychology, foundations of medicine, foundations of economics, legal norms.

Qualified specialist for social work should be able to:

establish emotional contact with wards,

show care, provide them with moral support,

do household chores (make purchases, cook, wash),

provide first aid if necessary.

8. By what means is the work done (by what means do they work)?Tools, machines, aids, apparatus, controls.

The main subject of labor is a person (social services), an accompanying one is a sign system (texts, documents).

In his work, a social worker uses material (tool) means of labor - manual (pen, pencil), electrified (calculator, computer), as well as communication means (telephone, fax).

But the main ones are its immaterial (functional) means - analytical, verbal-logical thinking, long-term and RAM, good distribution of attention; good general coordination of body movements, emotionally expressive speech and behavior, business written speech, as well as the senses - sight, hearing, "golden hands" and "kind heart".

9. In what conditions is the work done?Working environment: working conditions and workplace parameters (spatial, sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic, etc.).

A social work specialist has an active, mobile work, numerous contacts, visits to wards at home and various authorities and shops.

Despite the fact that the social worker works in a comfortable environment - indoors (desk, Personal Computer, means of communication), his activities often take place outside the office in movement (travel to various organizations, to the families of the wards, to clients).

From special conditions labor should be noted the moral responsibility for the wards and the high psychoemotional load during intensive contact with representatives of disadvantaged strata of society.

10. What is the organization of work (when and in what ways the work is done)?Organization production process, work schedule, mode of work and rest, balance of working hours.

The social work specialist has irregular working hours with traveling.

The work of a social worker is organized in such a way that he can carry out his labor tasks both independently and jointly with other contact organizations.

Functionally, a social worker is the organizer of the work of other people (clients, specialists from other contact departments), but organizes the course of his labor process independently.

11. What is the cooperation of labor (who does what and with whom)?Distribution of semi-professional tasks, powers and responsibilities in labor collective established subordination - bosses, subordinates; the system of leadership and management of primary teams; characteristic social environment and microclimate.

Social Work Specialist:

works in open collaboration with colleagues and treats them with respect;

establishes contacts with representatives of various organizations and institutions that the client needs help, working with them in close collaboration and interaction (psychologists, lawyers, teachers, medical workers, employees of social protection agencies, law enforcement officials, etc.);

promotes the inclusion of various institutions of society in the activities of social services and the creation of a network of social services that provide assistance and support to clients;

helps the correct perception and understanding of another person who is in a difficult life situation for representatives of other professions and the population;

exchanges information with specialists involved in working with the client, subject to the rules of confidentiality and his best interests;

declares about controversial issues that could create a conflict of interest;

informs the management or the relevant responsible structures about the opportunities or operational difficulties arising in the process of providing social assistance and support to various categories of the population;

asks for advice and help from the management if he does not feel capable or sufficiently prepared to carry out social protection activities;

informs management or other responsible organizations about cases of colleagues using unsafe practices that abuse the standards of service delivery.

12. What is the intensity of work (how much, how fast or slow, how often the work is done)?The amount of work, its difficulty, speed, pace, norms of time, duration of workload, variability of work (monotony, regularity, uniformity, cyclicality, rhythm).

Labor intensity is the ability to short time handle a lot of work. Since the salary of the social worker is low, the social worker takes on more clients. As a result, both psychological stress and more emotional stress increase. Overloading is one of the main problems of the social worker.

13. What moments of danger and responsibility are encountered in professional activities (what can happen at work)? Disorders, material losses, financial losses, fines for poor quality or missed deadlines, accidents, injuries, occupational diseases, death.

In the system of such professional activities as social work, the situation is complicated by the special state of the client, who turns to a specialist for help in a difficult life situation, when the mechanisms of a critical attitude towards reality can be weakened, and the specialist is delegated the role of a person incapable of making mistakes.

The specificity of professional social work, due to the daily likelihood of extreme situations, requires a specialist in social work to develop deep emotional and personal regulators of behavior and activity, such as value orientations.

Psychophysiological tension in the work of a social worker can be caused by the following factors:

increased moral responsibility and associated emotional stress;

constant communication with people, mainly maladaptive, asocial behavior, with mental defects, with physical disabilities;

the compulsion to constantly be in the zone of someone else's conflict or problem.

A social work specialist, due to the peculiarities of his professional activity, faces a number of difficulties and problems that he must be informed about and with which he must be able to cope:

the syndrome of professional "burnout", manifested in psycho-emotional and physical exhaustion, a decrease in the threshold of emotional susceptibility, a decrease in professional motivation;

frequent encounter with ethical dilemmas at work and the need to make a decision in each specific situation;

encounter with situations that pose a threat to his health and life;

lack of time and funds to solve real situations of clients and their problems;

information overload or lack of information in the context of the need to make quick decisions on a specific problem.

... What impact does labor have on workers (how is it useful and what is harmful to a person)?The positive and negative impact of material, organizational and social factors on the person (in the complex).

The contacts of a social work specialist are numerous, multi-level, with a changing circle of people - clients, colleagues. In the work, there are situations and problems that require non-standard intelligent solutions. The social worker has an increased moral responsibility.

People who work in social institutions endure many hardships of today on their shoulders, smoothing out the difficulties for those who are defenseless, helpless, who lack their own strength and means to cope with the everyday, psychological, and social problems that have piled on them.

The work of a social worker is based on the principles of dedication, full dedication, sacrifice. This brings results, the positive significance of which both for individuals and for families who received assistance, and for the Russian state as a whole, can hardly be overestimated.

Despite advances in the reform of social protection, the prestige of social work as a profession is at a low level in public opinion. This is due to the limited opportunities for material reward.

15. What benefits does work bring to an employee (how much does he earn)?Earnings, wages, bonuses, benefits in kind, various benefits, moral satisfaction from work, its public recognition.

In modern Russia social education, in addition to direct, makes it possible to hold the positions of specialists and leaders in the bodies local government(prefectures, district governments and municipalities, guardianship and trusteeship bodies), the Federal Migration Service, Departments, Pension Funds, Charitable foundations and other public non-profit organizations... In addition, it is possible to organize non-state structures of social, rehabilitation and labor orientation, operating on a self-supporting and sponsorship basis.

Creative work, awareness of the importance of social mission. The salary level of a specialist in social work in the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranges from 5 to 8 thousand rubles. In Moscow, a specialist receives from 16 to 50 thousand rubles.

16. What conditions, requirements and restrictions are typical for the work (who can and who should not do it)?Administrative and legal, political, medical, social and other determinants.

There are medical restrictions for a social worker:

dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system,

impairment of speech, vision and hearing,

impaired coordination of movements,

serious chronic diseases that cause rapid fatigue,

diseases of the cardiovascular system,

neuropsychiatric diseases.

chronic infectious diseases.

In addition, the "contraindications" to social work include: lack of interest in other people (selfishness), irascibility, harshness of judgment, categoricalness, lack of focus, inability to conduct a dialogue with an opponent, conflict, aggressiveness, inability to perceive someone else's point of view on a subject.

17. Requirements for professionally important qualities.This position lists (in decreasing order of importance) the requirements that professional activity makes to the qualities of an employee.

The concept of "quality" in this case has a generalized character and refers not only to personality traits, such as responsibility or developed organizational skills, but also to the special abilities of a person, to general abilities and to the psychophysiological characteristics of a person and the characteristics of his nervous system. To be successful as a social worker, you need the following professionally important qualities:

practical logical thinking of a subject-effective warehouse,

compassion, a pronounced sense of responsibility,

a pronounced inclination to work in the field of communication,

lexical ability, endurance of the auditory analyzer and speech-voice apparatus,

good long-term and operational memory;

activity and physical mobility,

high emotional, neuropsychic stability,

external attractiveness (desirable) and social activity.

In addition, it must have the following qualities:

unconditional acceptance of the value of each person, respect for his rights;

non-judgmental attitude to individual differences of people, tolerance;

developed self-knowledge and self-esteem, critical thinking;

empathy (the ability to empathize and empathize);

reflection (the ability to think, deliberate);

the ability to establish contact with people and form trusting relationships;

sensitivity and sensitivity to the emotional state of people, emotional restraint and tolerance;

persistence and consistency in solving difficult situations;

optimal level of anxiety, lack of tendency to depressive states;

ability to see and develop strengths people and families being helped;

skills of work in stressful and emotionally difficult situations: self-control, the ability to switch and manage their emotions and behavior.

Requirements for the behavior, activities, professionally significant personality traits of a social worker are fixed in a number of codes of ethics for social workers: the Code of Ethics for Social Workers of the National Association of Social Work, "Ethics of Social Work: Principles and Standards" (International Federation of Social Workers), Russian Code of Ethics social workers, etc.

Documents defining ethical requirements serve the function of formalizing professional values, i.e. raising them to the rank of requirements of the profession to the personality of a specialist.

professiogram specialist social labor

A social work specialist, by optimizing the life situation of an individual or a group of people, influences the process of transformation of society as a whole. Carrying out professional activities, he directly or indirectly influences the client (clients).

In some cases, especially when using methods of individual work with a client, this influence can significantly predetermine the life prospects of the individual. The opportunity (access) to this kind of interaction in the system of “specialist-client” relations is ensured by high requirements for the knowledge, skills and personal qualities of a specialist in social work.

The degree of correspondence of the personality of a specialist to the requirements of the profession is due to:

· Characteristics of premorbid (previous) personality structure;

· The quality of professional education;

· The presence of professional experience.

The characteristics of the premorbid structure of the personality determine the degree of probability of a positive result of the professionalization of the future specialist.

The most significant characteristics are value orientations, attitudes, motives in the sphere of the alleged actor

ness, which together determine the professional orientation of the individual.

A future social work specialist acquires the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities in the process of professional training. In his practical activities, he is based on the integrative field of knowledge - the theory of social work, which, as a practice-oriented knowledge, develops, relying on the basic provisions of pedagogy, psychology, sociology, jurisprudence, valeology, history and other sciences. In this regard, the requirements for professional knowledge are also integrative in nature.

The knowledge that a future social worker acquires in the process of professional training can be conditionally divided into the following groups.



The system of knowledge and ideas that provide a high general cultural level of student personality development. In the process of mastering such disciplines as philosophy, sociology, economics, etc., the student gets acquainted with general scientific theories, concepts, approaches, on the basis of which the development of special professional knowledge takes place in the future, and also develops general intellectual skills (analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc. .), which ensure the overall success of the learning process.

System of general professional knowledge provides a theoretical basis for practical activities in the field of social work. The development of the system of general professional knowledge occurs in the process of studying the disciplines "Theory of social work", "Technology of social work", "Social policy", "Professional and ethical foundations of social work", etc. The content of these disciplines covers all professional activities, considered from a certain angle of view ...

Special knowledge system. This knowledge is of a practice-oriented nature, concretizes, refines the system of general professional knowledge. Disciplines that ensure the student's mastering of knowledge of this group can be devoted to the social situation of a certain category of clients (social gerontology), a social problem (employment of the population and its regulation), a certain technology of professional activity (content and methodology of psychosocial work in the system of social work).

Thus, the logic of acquiring knowledge is built on the basis of the inductive principle - from the general to the particular, from the abstract to the concrete, from the theoretical to the practical.

In the process of professional training, a future specialist must master not only knowledge, but also methods of practical social work in a number of areas, including the following methods, forms, means:

social assistance and services to families and individuals, different gender, age, ethnic, etc. groups of the population (mediation, counseling, specialized assistance, etc. in social services, organizations and institutions);

organization and coordination social work with individuals and groups with special needs, those with disabilities who have returned from special institutions and places of detention, etc .;

conducting research and analytical activities(analysis and forecasting, development of social projects, technologies) on the problems of social status of the population in the supervised area (microdistrict) in order to develop projects and programs of social work;

participation in organizational and management activities and administrative work of social services, organizations and institutions;

integration of the activities of state and public organizations and institutions to provide the necessary social protection and assistance to the population.

To implement practical professional work in these areas, a specialist needs to possess a number of skills and abilities. Among them, two groups can be distinguished:

general professional skills(communicative, organizational, managerial, research): to work in the conditions of informal communication, contributing to the manifestation of initiative and an active life position of the client; to conduct organizational and managerial, research and analytical, scientific and pedagogical activities, etc.;

special skills: to provide mediation between the client (individual, family, group of persons) and various public and state structures; to provide connections between the individual and the microenvironment, children and adults, family and society; to influence relations between people and the situation in a small group, to stimulate the client to perform socially significant activities; give a psychological characterization of a person (her temperament, abilities, etc.); master the techniques of psychodiagnostics, mental counseling and mental self-regulation, socio-psychological correction; use the forms and methods of educational influence in social work, etc.

The theoretical training of the future social worker is inextricably linked with practice. The system of continuous practice for students includes introductory, technological, production and production-pre-diploma practice.

Professional activity, being a real means of changing the surrounding society, has a deep axiological

the potential contained in its objectives, the methods used and the results. The peculiarity of professional activity in the "person-to-person" system is that a person depends on the actions or inactions of a professional, as well as in the difficulty of external control over the activities of a specialist.

In the system of such professional activities as social work, the situation is complicated by the special state of the client, who turns to a specialist for help in a difficult life situation, when the mechanisms of a critical attitude towards reality can be weakened, and the specialist is delegated the role of a person incapable of making mistakes. The specificity of professional social work, due to the daily likelihood of extreme situations, requires a specialist in social work to develop deep emotional and personal regulators of behavior and activity, such as value orientations.

Requirements for the behavior, activities, professionally significant personality traits of a social work specialist are recorded in a number of codes of ethics for social workers: the Code of Ethics for Social Workers of the National Social Work Association (USA), "Ethics of Social Work: Principles and Standards" (International Federation of Social Workers), Russian Code of Ethics for Social Workers, etc.

Documents defining ethical requirements perform the function of formalizing professional values, that is, raising them to the rank of requirements of the profession for the personality of a specialist. The specificity of professional value orientations, in our opinion, consists in their more rigid social assignment, which is reflected both in normative acts and in various kinds of prescriptions for the activities of a specialist. Professional value orientations develop within the professional community, are transmitted to its new members and to the external society. Associated with this phenomenon is the concept of "mission of the profession", that is, its special role, significance for society. It manifests itself especially clearly in the spheres of professional activity associated with the interaction "person-person": medicine, pedagogical, management activities, psychological assistance, etc. This is due to professional responsibility for the life and health of a person dependent on a professional.

The professional values ​​of a specialist in social work can be conditionally divided into groups, which, according to the criterion of subordination, will be correlated as levels of values:

the highest level - existential values, the ideological basis of the profession;

the first level - values-goals, the subordination of the values ​​of the first level to existential values ​​provides

the humanistic nature of professional activity through the regulation of its target component;

the second level - values-principles, which reflect the dependence of the procedural component of professional activity of the humanistic ideology of the profession;

the third level - values-norms are determined by a higher level of values ​​and determine the humanistic nature of the behavioral component of professional activity.

The professiogram of a social worker is a set of characteristics that make up the portrait of a social worker in terms of his possession of certain knowledge, skills and abilities.

In addition to Qualification handbook positions of managers, specialists and employees approved by the Decree of the State Committee of the USSR dated April 23, 1991, qualification requirements are determined.

  • 1. A specialist in social work of the highest category - higher education, a certificate of a specialist in social work and work experience as a specialist in social work of the 1st category for at least 3 years.
  • 2. Specialist in social work of the 1st category - higher education, having a certificate in social work and work experience in the position of a specialist in social work of the 2nd category for at least 3 years.
  • 3. Specialist in social work of the II category - higher education, a certificate of a specialist in social work and work experience in the position of a specialist in social work for at least 3 years.
  • 4. Social work specialist - higher education without any requirements for work experience and the presence of a certificate of a specialist in social work or secondary specialized education, a certificate of a specialist in social work and work experience in educational, medical

institutions or bodies of social protection for at least 5 years.

  • 5. The social work professional should know:
    • - features of personality psychology and selected categories population;
    • - national and regional peculiarities of life and family education, folk traditions;
    • - theory and practice of social protection of the population;
    • - laws, regulations at the federal, regional and local levels, other regulatory legal acts in the field of social protection of the population;
    • - work of bodies and institutions social service;
    • - domestic and foreign experience of practical social work.

A component of the professional profile of a social work specialist is his professional competence.

The professional competence of a social worker can be divided into two types:

  • 1) managerial competence includes theoretical knowledge and practical skills (social experience) of an employee, which are necessary both for working with specific clients and for organizing social protection of human rights. The basis of this type of competence is knowledge scientific foundations organization of the relevant state structures. This also includes knowledge of the technology of social work, the foundations of the theory of management organization, in particular, the work of a leader, ethics, psychology of leadership, culture of speech, etc .;
  • 2) psychological and pedagogical competence is formed by the knowledge of psychology and pedagogy. The psychological competence of a social worker should be of a sufficiently high level, since in the process of his activity he has to solve general psychological, differential psychological, social psychological, audiopsychological and other problems.

The social worker must be of a high enough level to deal with the following professional tasks:

  • – cognitive(to organize work with a person so that on the basis of penetration into the essence of problems, bring their solution to the logical end);
  • – design(be able to design, select, analyze the main points in working with a client, help him to comprehend further actions);
  • – constructive(to be able to logically correctly build business relationships with a person, helping him, and at the same time not to dissipate his strength, but to choose the right decisions and ways to achieve the goal);
  • – communicative(to be able to establish pedagogically expedient relationships with people that evoke in them an intellectual and emotional response and faith in a social worker as a person interested in their problems);
  • – organizational(the ability to include people with disabilities, retirees, schoolchildren, members of large families, etc. in various activities that help not only survive, but also live a normal life, feel equal in a team, help others in self-improvement).

Thus, professionalism as a high standard of professional activity is expressed, first of all, in stability and efficiency and is associated with an individual style of activity. The analysis of research on this problem made it possible to single out certain groups of indicators of the professionalism of the individual and the activities of the social worker.

Objective indicators - how much a person meets the requirements of the profession, his contribution to social practice. In social work, the objective criterion should be the solution and resolution of the client's problems, the provision of assistance, the rehabilitation of various categories of the population; professional knowledge and skills that contribute to the implementation of the intermediary mission between the client and government agencies, allowing you to be an organizer, coordinator, technologist of social protection of the client, be able to predict and influence social policy in society, region.

Subjective indicators - how much the profession meets the requirements of the individual, her inclinations, how much the person is satisfied with the professional activity. In the work of a social worker, a subjective indicator of professionalism can be a stable professional and humanistic orientation, an understanding of the importance of the profession, its value orientations, a set of necessary professionally important personality traits, a positive attitude towards oneself as a professional, and the absence of personal deformations.

Thus, a professional social worker is characterized by a fairly high labor efficiency combined with an internal desire to remain in the profession.

Performance indicators- whether the person achieves the desired results in work. In modern social practice, two main types of assessments of the activities of working specialists can be distinguished: direct (or assessments of labor results) and indirect (assessments of an employee's performance in terms of qualities). In the second case, we are talking about the factors that characterize the social worker himself and associated with the results of his activities by functional dependence. Qualifications, professional skills, and business qualities of a social worker are considered as such factors. However, in the presence of a clear ultimate goal of the activity and the absence of adequate quantitative methods for analyzing the impact of a social worker on the client's activities, a direct assessment of the effectiveness of the social worker's work is not possible.

In general, the criteria for the effectiveness of a social worker can be:

  • a) analysis of the state of clients' problems and the results of their solution;
  • b) the dynamics of clients' involvement in various types of social activities;
  • c) dynamics in the attitude of children, adolescents, youth, the older generation to basic social values;
  • d) the results of the involvement of the adult population in activities to improve conditions in society;
  • e) assessment of the socio-psychological situation, microclimate in society;
  • f) the level of professional growth of a social worker as a specialist.

Procedural indicators - Does a person use modern social methods, techniques, technologies to achieve their results in work?

Normative and ethical indicators- whether the social worker has mastered the norms, standards, principles, and the standard of the profession; is he able to follow the standards of the profession in practice at the level of skill; knows how to respect the honor and dignity of the profession, to understand its importance in society.

Indicators of the cash basis- whether the specialist today reaches a sufficiently high level of professionalism of the person and activity. Current level professional development- these are the results that he is currently receiving in his work. Together with heme, these are also personal resources that he uses to achieve a result - knowledge, skills, personality traits.

Predictive indicators- whether a person has and is looking for growth prospects, what is the area of ​​his immediate personal and professional development.

Indicators of professional learning - whether a person strives for education, raising his level and professional qualifications; is he ready to study the theoretical and methodological aspects of social work, exchange experience with colleagues.

Indicators of social activity and competitiveness of the profession in society- Does a specialist know how to interest society in the results of his work, to draw attention to the urgent needs of the profession.

Technological indicators allow to characterize the personality of a professional and his activities to a greater extent as a personal and technological indicator of the activities of specialists in social work. These include: possession of practical control and self-control of the effectiveness of the process of social assistance, correction, and rehabilitation of a person.

Indicators of an innovative nature- innovation, individuality, creativity in the use of various technologies in professional activities. According to their innovative potential, innovations are divided into modifying (the use of mechanisms, methods and techniques that develop, improve and update the technology of social assistance, correction, rehabilitation of a person, a group of persons, etc.), combinatorial (mean the individual and personal position of a social worker in development and application in practice different methods and techniques that are most effective in a given situation) and radical (rejection of deep-rooted views, positions, methods of action in favor of those that meet the requirements of the time and a specific situation).

  • 1) meets the requirements of the profession (personal and professional potential), makes a certain contribution to social policy and social practice, carrying out its activities on social adaptation, assistance, correction, rehabilitation of an individual and various categories of the population;
  • 2) personally inclined towards the profession, having a personal and motivational readiness, professionally necessary qualities, competence, as well as a positive attitude towards oneself as a professional who strives for the effectiveness of his work;
  • 3) achieves the results society wants today in terms of social assistance, support, adaptation and rehabilitation of people;
  • 4) uses modern, best-efficient methods, techniques, technologies for the purpose of social protection of a person;
  • 5) fulfills the norms, standards, standards of the profession, means its importance in society;
  • 6) introduces an individually creative, innovative component into professional activity, deliberately developing his personal and professional individuality;
  • 7) is aware of the prospect and area of ​​his closest professional education, advanced training, self-education, study of domestic and foreign experience;
  • 8) already today reaches the required level of professional and personal qualities, knowledge and skills;
  • 9) is socially active, raises and discusses questions about practice, attitude to the profession, its status; looking for reserves for solving professional, social problems.

Most general classification the principles of social work related to the personality of a social worker and the nature of his relationship with a client is as follows.

Principles relating to the personality of a social worker:

  • 1. The social work professional must engage in social practice. This principle orients a social worker, on the one hand, to do only what is permitted by law, realizing the skills and abilities acquired in the learning process, and on the other hand, to fix the content, goals and objectives of social practice as a phenomenon of society, the presence of professional activity a certain group specialists.
  • 2. The social worker must use himself consciously. A basic element of social work practice is the ability of workers to build and maintain effective relationships to help the community.
  • 3. The social worker must adhere to professional objectivity. Unlike the client's environment, the professional brings a new dimension to the relationship with clients, to clarify their difficulties, while adhering to emotional neutrality.
  • 4. The social worker must respect human dissimilarity (diversity). The activities of a social worker are focused on people from various strata of society, representing various national and ethnic formations, cultures, who have any physical or mental disabilities (diseases), people of different sexual preferences and ages. Human diversity is expressed in the behavior of people, their interaction with family, team and society. Taking into account these diverse perceptions of life, tolerance towards them determine the effectiveness of practical social work.
  • 5. The social worker must strive for personal and professional growth.
  • 6. The social worker must consciously apply specific knowledge and skills in a specific situation. He is obliged to comprehend and his own findings made in practical work... At all levels of practice, an experienced specialist relies on existing knowledge in a specific situation, resorting to additional theoretical and empirical information.
  • 7. A social worker must deal with a whole person, biological, psychological, social and spiritual condition of a person.
  • 8. The social worker must conduct business with dignity with the client. It is necessary to perceive the client as a person who is held dear simply because of her human nature (philanthropy), and to avoid judgments based on personal or dominant this moment public values. A state of non-judgment on the part of a professional assistant helps the client to focus on his merits, minimizing the fear of being perceived negatively or inaccurately. Serving clients with dignity helps social workers avoid imposing their biases or standards.
  • 9. The social worker must personalize the client. A constant commitment to the detailed disclosure of the properties of an individual, family or community requires deliberate efforts and careful analysis from the social worker. Personalization allows the social worker to form an opinion about where and how to start interacting with the client, emphasizing respect for his characteristics as a person.
  • 10. The social worker must provide the client with a modern vision of the problem. The success of providing professional assistance largely depends on the modern understanding and application of different approaches to existing problems. By instilling a sense of optimism and offering modern, creative ways to deal with situations, the social worker helps the client.
  • 11. The social worker should be based on the knowledge of the client's capabilities. The professional specialization of a social worker is formed on the basis of the study of various specific human needs: physical, psychological, social. But to determine these needs, it is necessary to know to what extent he is able to withstand the influences environment... Since change in social functioning must be largely self-enforcing, the social worker must help clients to discover and use their powers effectively.
  • 12. The social worker should involve the client in solving his problems as much as possible. The client needs help to get out of a stressful situation and restore personal and social balance, he should be involved in correctional activities as an active participant on the basis of studying his living conditions and determining the nature of the help needed. It is possible to effectively change the situation when those who need to change themselves clearly understand this need and they have the desire and ability to act.

The tasks that a social worker can set for clients in order to teach them to skillfully control the factors that affect their lives are defined as follows:

  • - the client should perceive the social worker as a temporary agent who helps in solving one or several problems;
  • - the client views the social worker as a specialist, whose knowledge and skills he can use to his advantage;
  • - the client sees the social worker as an equal employee or partner in solving emerging problem situations;
  • - the social worker helps the client to perceive the socio-political structure as multipolar, multi-layered, which gives the client opportunities for interaction.
  • 13. The social worker should promote the client's maximum self-determination. He is in charge of the assistance process, not the client himself. It helps clients explore alternatives and their possible implications, but does not dictate the final choice of options.

In relation to the client, this principle implies that:

  • - the client has the right and the opportunity to be free in choosing the means and ways to solve their problems;
  • - the right of freedom is limited by the client's abilities, law and authority, as well as generally accepted by society, agency (other organization) rules and regulations;
  • - this right should also apply to people with mental, physical and other disabilities. The social worker is committed to helping them exercise this right in life. The social worker should take responsibility for making decisions for clients only in exceptional cases and only after a thorough analysis of the current situation, bearing in mind the need to return this opportunity to the client.
  • 14. The social worker should help the client acquire skills in self-management of emerging situations. What the client achieves as a result of his interaction with the social worker should be used by him to solve difficult life situations in the present and the future. That's why important aspect preparing the client for the future life is his teaching how to find and use the necessary tools and helpers in the surrounding reality.
  • 15. The social worker must deal with the client confidentially. All social workers need to have an understanding of the degree of confidentiality of information and the conditions for working with it.

There are usually two forms of confidentiality:

  • – absolute- the information can be disclosed by the client and will never be further disseminated by the social worker. The social worker is under the protection and control of certain state bodies, legislative acts that give him the legal right of privileged communication with the client, independent decision-making on actions with the information received;
  • – relative - the social worker can promise to act responsibly within the professional code of ethics, existing laws, and agency programs.
  • 16. The social worker must remain true to the philosophy of normalization. Often the objects of social work have significant mental and physical limitations. As a result of these shortcomings, they are subject to some degree of discrimination and social exclusion. The philosophy of normalization (normalization) is able to minimize isolation and integrate mentally disabled people into the social environment with the assurance that their life will be as similar to that of normal people as possible.
  • 17. The social worker must continually assess the progress of the process of changing people. Social work practice involves working with changing people in changing situations. Therefore, aid goals should be specific and regularly reviewed to determine their importance and relevance. The change process must be constantly monitored and evaluated. This should be done by both the social worker and the client. To this end, the social worker and the client systematically collect and record indicators of change for further adjustment of activities. If the desired result is not achieved, then the social worker is obliged to use a different approach or choose a different plan of his actions. Continuous assessment of progress should be an integral part of social work.

The practice of social work is based on a value system, which most significantly affects the nature of a specialist's decision on how to deal with a client. The system of value orientations of a specialist is undoubtedly influenced by the value orientations and the client, as, incidentally, by the values ​​of the profession itself and society as a whole.

Values ​​are not ideals. Professional help is always focused on pragmatic goals. The values, which are an integral part of the professional actions of a specialist, become, as it were, a set of criteria in decision-making.

From what positions should a specialist approach if the client lacks the quality of self-criticism? How can I help him so that he sees the unconstructiveness of his position "I am always and in everything right"? With a specialist's credo in life, which includes truthfulness, respect for the honor and dignity of the client, how to do so so as not to humiliate the client and tell him the truth about his impression, about his shortcomings that prevent him from taking a constructive position? The value orientations of a specialist, moreover, as "working" values, will help to answer these questions.

Working values ​​enable the specialist to make decisions about how to proceed in specific cases. Without working value orientations, a specialist will work, as it were, "without a rudder and sails."

The values ​​that guide the relationship between the client and the professional can be grouped according to the principles of social work. Among them, the most important, in our opinion, are efficiency, or practicality, competence, respect, sincerity and responsibility. Let's consider them in more detail.

  • Cm.: Firsov M.V., Studenova E.G. Social work theory. M., 2009.S. 386-390.

3. Professional portrait of the head of a social institution

4. Professional selection for social work

Professionally significant personal qualities of a social worker

Social work, which has existed abroad for more than a decade, was classified as a profession in the register of the employment service of Russia only in 1991, therefore today Russian system social management for the first time encounters those aspects of the development of the profession that were manifested in Western countries and were subjected to scientific reflection there for a long time.

At this stage of development, there is a question of professionalism in social work, which in turn is expressed by a huge lack of relevant knowledge among practitioners.

The specification of the activities of social work specialists follows from their main functions:

  • diagnostic - consists in the fact that a social worker studies the characteristics of a family, a group of people, an individual, the degree and direction of the influence of the microenvironment on them and makes a "social diagnosis";
  • predictive - predicts the development of events, processes occurring in a family, a group of people, society and develops certain models of social behavior;
  • human rights - uses laws and legal acts aimed at providing assistance and support to the population, its protection;
  • organizational - promotes the organization of social services at enterprises and at the place of residence, engages the public in their work and directs their activities to provide various types of assistance and social services to the population;
  • preventive and prophylactic - activates various mechanisms (legal, psychological, medical, pedagogical, etc.) to prevent and overcome negative phenomena, organizes assistance to those in need;
  • socio-medical - organizes work on health prevention, promotes mastery of the basics of first aid, helps prepare young people for family life, develops occupational therapy, etc.;
  • socio-pedagogical - identifies the interests and needs of people in different types activities: cultural and leisure, sports and recreation, artistic creativity and attracts various institutions, societies, creative unions, etc to work with them;
  • psychological - provides various types of counseling and correction interpersonal relationships, contributes to the social adaptation of the individual, provides assistance in social rehabilitation to all those in need;
  • social and household - helps in providing the necessary assistance and support to various categories of the population (disabled people, elderly people, young families, etc.) in improving their life, living conditions;
  • communicative - establishes contact with those in need, organizes the exchange of information, the development of a single strategy for interaction, perception and understanding of another person.

The specificity of the social worker's functions presupposes an organic combination of personal and professional qualities, which is reflected in the ethical and professional code.

So, among the mandatory qualities and skills of a social worker are:

  • empathy;
  • psychological competence;
  • delicacy and tact;
  • humanity and humanity, mercy;
  • organizational and communication skills, extroversion;
  • high spiritual culture and morality;
  • social intelligence (i.e. the ability to adequately perceive and analyze social situations and other people);
  • the ability to be interesting to others and informal in working with a client;
  • focus on the interests, needs and protection of the human dignity of the client;
  • training to respect the confidentiality of official information and personal secrets of the client;
  • striving for continuous improvement of professional knowledge;
  • honesty, moral purity in professional matters, adherence to ethics of relationships with people, etc.

A social worker operates in a value-oriented world, where every action, goal, motive, means to an end, or even an intention can be assessed in terms of compliance with its moral norms, that is, the ideas of society or micro-society about good and evil. To carry out the prescribed functions, social workers need more than adequate professional education, but also a personal readiness to comply with certain professional and ethical standards and principles.

Professional ethical norms and principles can be defined as "professional", "work ethics" of a social worker, which, in turn, is enshrined in the professional and ethical code.

The professional code of ethics is the standard of professional behavior and activities of a social worker. An analysis of the requirements for a specialist in the professional code shows that they can be conditionally reduced to two groups of standards: the first group is the requirements for quality, content and results of professional activity; the second group - requirements for the personality of a professional.

As we have already said, professionalism in social work is based and formed on the basis of personal and professional qualities, value orientations and interests of the social worker.

A social worker is an intermediary between a specific person who has certain social needs and a specific social organization able to meet these needs. Moreover, this kind of mediation is specific: the social worker always stands guard over the interests of the needy. If we schematically describe the order of actions of a social worker, then we will find the following - a social worker must:

1) be able to identify a person in need of him;

2) endear him to himself, so that he entrusts the latter with the protection of his interests;

3) be active in finding ways to solve a specific social problem;

4) find the appropriate social authority;

5) be able to organize the participation of this social instance in this problem;

6) bring both sides together to resolve the issue;

7) control the quality of the solution to the issue, taking into account the interests of the client.

What qualities should a person possess in order to perform all these actions? As already mentioned, he must be well versed in the social sphere, both at the formal, official level, and informal, psychological. That is, to have knowledge in sociology and psychology, to lead an active lifestyle, to be communicative enough, to be able to convince and agitate. He must sincerely and honestly wish to help people, be able to be restrained and patient with those in need, believe in his ability to resolve the situation, be able to get out of the conflict in a dignified manner.

Researchers identify the following groups of professionally important qualities of a social worker.

1. High level of education and culture, competence in a wide range of socially significant problems. Knowledge in the field of pedagogy, psychology, jurisprudence, sociology, etc. is required. In general, the listed qualities are components of professional awareness.

2. Kindness, love for people, desire to help, sensitivity, feelings of compassion and mercy, sympathy for others and altruism. All of these qualities can be generally characterized as a benevolent attitude towards people, towards their problems and situations.

3. High communication skills, sociability, social courage. Ability to manage people, influence their position and beliefs. The ability to inspire confidence and support in difficult times - all these qualities can be described as organizational and communication skills.

4. Selflessness, honesty, decency, responsibility, high morality. These qualities characterize the high moral and ethical level of the social worker.

5. Efficiency, energy, initiative, persistence in achieving goals and a willingness to experience psychological discomfort - all these qualities are inherent in people who are able to withstand significant neuropsychic stress.

Recently, the term "professiogram" has become widespread to characterize a particular professional activity.

One of the most effective directions in solving these problems, in our opinion, is the improvement of all levels of professional training and, first of all, higher education. And within this direction - Including theoretical developments concerning the professiogram of a specialist in social work, one can name the work of such researchers as Zimnyaya I.A., Kholostova E.I., Pavlenok P.D., Firsov, etc.

E. I. Kholostova and Pavlenok P.D. focus on job responsibilities, performing professional functions, ethical standards, as well as the personal qualities of a specialist. Firsov in his works is limited to the communicative characteristics of labor. Zimnyaya I.A. believes that when constructing a professiogram, it is necessary to take into account three basic requirements: professional competence, humanistic orientation and interpersonal relations.

Professiogram is a descriptive and technological characteristic of various types of professional activity, made according to a certain scheme and for solving certain problems. This is a document that defines the functional content of professional activity, a system of knowledge, skills and abilities that ensure its effectiveness and provide a rationale for the disciplines that form the corresponding qualities of a specialist.

The structure of the professiogram includes a psychogram.

Psychogram - highlighting and describing the qualities of a person necessary for the successful performance of this work activity. These qualities are called professionally important qualities.

Professiogram - a detailed description of a profession through a system of requirements for a person, including socio-economic, production-technical, sanitary-hygienic, psychological, special-professional characteristics, i.e. in our opinion. Obviously, this is not just a separate group of criteria, but on the contrary: a versatile, multifaceted, multifunctional characteristic of a professional performance standard.

The professiogram of a social worker is determined by the specifics of his profession and his professional duties.

A social worker will be able to influence his clients, solve professional problems only if he has knowledge and experience, certain powers (position) and reputation (opinion on the strengths and weaknesses of a person), charismatic data (exceptional data, talent) and personal attractiveness.

Such personal qualities of a social worker as his intellectual, general cultural and moral potential are especially important. The presence (formation and consolidation) of such qualities allows a social worker to more effectively carry out his professional activities. In particular, it enables him to:

- to be informed about different groups of the population and their characteristics;

- to anticipate the consequences of their actions;

- to be professionally tactful (arouse the sympathy of clients, their trust, observe professional secrecy, show delicacy in intimate matters of the client's life);

- have emotional stability in all collisions, failures, difficulties of work;

- to fulfill their duty conscientiously, showing calmness, benevolence and attentiveness to clients.

All this really requires really extraordinary personal qualities. In the special literature, such qualities that are necessary for a social worker are most often noted, such as

Humanistic orientation of the personality, personal and Social responsibility, heightened sense of goodness and justice, self-esteem and respect for the dignity of another person, tolerance, politeness, empathy (empathy), willingness to understand others and come to their aid, emotional stability, personal adequacy in self-esteem.

The personal qualities of social workers can be divided into three groups.

To the first group personal qualities include the requirements imposed by professional activity on mental processes (perception), mental states (fatigue, apathy, stress, anxiety, depression), attention as a state of consciousness, emotional (restraint, indifference), and volitional (persistence, consistency, impulsivity) characteristics.

To the second group personal qualities include self-control, self-criticism, self-esteem of their actions, as well as stress-resistant qualities - physical fitness, self-hypnosis, the ability to switch and manage your emotions.

The honor and dignity of a social worker requires, first of all, objectivity in assessing himself - his qualities, abilities and capabilities. Big conceit, overestimated self-esteem of a specialist, hypertrophied self-esteem, turning into complacency and narcissism, lack of self-criticism, are qualities that negatively affect both prospects personal growth and on the quality of professional activity, since a specialist who considers the process of his development completed, brought to the top, in fact, is not capable not only of improving, but also of maintaining the already achieved level of development. This, in turn, leads to an objective decrease in the authority of the social worker, to the assessment of his activities as unworthy of a professional.

To the third group personal qualities of a social worker include communication (the ability to quickly establish contact with people); empathy (capturing people's moods, identifying their attitudes and expectations, empathizing with their needs); visuality (external attractiveness of a person); eloquence skills (the ability to inspire and convince words) and others.

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