* Calculations are based on average data for Russia

300 000 ₽

Minimum start-up capital

50-100%

Profitability

3-5 months

Payback

20 sq. m.

Minimum area

The quail breeding business is highly profitable and has a quick return on investment. Within this business, two main areas can be distinguished. The first includes the direct growing of layers, each of which can lay up to three hundred eggs per year (on average, two hundred and fifty), and the second - the production of dietary quail meat.

As a rule, within one farms both of these directions are combined. Quail meat is rich in easily digestible protein, has good antioxidant properties and high taste. Despite all the advantages, if available stable demand competition in this area is still not very high, which opens up great opportunities for novice farmers.

The minimum number of birds from which it is worth counting on a sufficient income from the business in the presence of a sales market is 500-600 heads. Quails are highly fertile and grow quickly, which makes it possible to increase their livestock by 8-10 times in just one year. Quail starts laying at the age of 30-40 days. With 600 birds, you can get up to 1800 eggs per year. To accommodate quail farm does not require large areas.

To save space, quail cages are usually arranged in several tiers, which allows one square meter poultry house to accommodate up to 200 birds. The profitability of the production of quail eggs is estimated at 50-100%, and the profitability of meat production is two to three times lower (on average 25%). Thanks to the short production cycle(2-3 months) the payback of such a project turns out to be much lower than in the industry as a whole. Experts estimate it in up to six months.

Legal nuances of the quail business

If you are going to sell products (in our case eggs and carcasses) produced on the lands of your personal subsidiary plots(Private households), then it is necessary to take into account the fact that the sale of products produced on such lands does not apply to entrepreneurial activity. By law, private household plots are a form of non-entrepreneurial activity associated with the production and processing of agricultural products. Private household plots are run by a citizen and his family members in order to meet their personal needs on their own land plot. Accordingly, agricultural products grown under private household plots are the property of a citizen running a personal subsidiary farm, and the sale of agricultural products by citizens running private household plots is not entrepreneurial activity.

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If you still intend to sell your products (or rather, its surplus), then you will need to obtain a document from the local administration about the availability of private household plots. Submit a document issued by an authority local government, the boards of the gardening partnership. This paper confirms that the products sold were produced on land owned by the taxpayer or members of his family and used for private household plots, gardening, truck farming or summer cottage construction. In addition, you will need to register your private household plots, which is kept in household books on the basis of information provided by citizens on a voluntary basis.

The household book contains basic information about private household plots: last name, first name and patronymic, as well as the date of birth of the owner of the land plot, the full name of all family members living with him, the number of farm birds available (in our case), the area of ​​the land plot occupied by crops or plantations agricultural machinery owned or otherwise owned by you and vehicles... After receiving this document, you will need to invite a commission consisting of veterinarians to draw up an inspection report. If the inspection results are positive, you will receive an inspection certificate in your hands, after which your farm will be assigned to one veterinarian.

It is from him that you will receive from him veterinary certificates of the established form for the sale of products through trade organizations... In addition, the veterinary service will issue you a veterinary certificate, on the basis of which you will subsequently receive a form No. 2 certificate.

Please note: if you intend to sell your products as individual entrepreneur, then the algorithm will be approximately the same, with only one difference. You will need to pay additional taxes and receive a certificate of conformity for your products with a certificate of their quality. Unlike individual entrepreneurs, private household plots sells surplus products originally received for their own needs. At the same time, the IP is intended for the sale of agricultural products originally produced for sale. That is why private household plots can only sell their products in markets and enterprises. Catering, but for IP there are no such restrictions.

Poultry equipment

A dry, warm room is required to keep quails. Its area depends on your capabilities and planned volumes. So, on an area of ​​about 20 sq. meters when placing cages on several floors, up to a thousand birds can be kept (although a livestock of 600 individuals will settle down with great comfort). In general, quails are quite easy to care for and are not demanding on the conditions of detention. For their normal development, it is enough to follow simple rules. First, you will need to maintain a constant temperature in the house between 18-22 ° C. In southern regions, it is recommended to use in summer time year air conditioners. Try to exclude any possibility of temperature changes or sudden changes in temperature, otherwise this can cause stress in the bird, lead to the development of diseases in it and even to its death.

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In addition, in the room where quails are kept, it is also necessary to maintain an optimal humidity level - 65-70%. It should be well ventilated, but drafts should not be allowed. It is better to make the lighting dim with the possibility of regulation. Finally, since any sudden loud noise can stress the bird, which in turn will cause it to gain weight poorly and stop laying eggs, a good soundproofing should be provided in the house. You should not have a quail farm near various manufacturing enterprises or construction sites.

When planning a poultry house with an area of ​​15-20 sq. meters, divide it into several separate rooms. A minimum of 4 "sectors" will be required: for keeping adult birds and a brooding room for young animals, a room for placing incubators, for storing and preparing feed mixtures. It is possible to separate the rooms with light walls made of chipboard, drywall, or even cell batteries of six cells. Adult birds are kept in cages, which are equipped with feeders and drinkers. The floor in such a cage is made at a slight slope, which facilitates the process of collecting eggs.

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One battery of six cells, in which it is quite possible to place about 250 individuals, will cost about 3,000 rubles. If you have the time and skills, you can save on this expense and make your own bird cages from sheets of plywood, metal, rebar and galvanized welded mesh. The cost of the battery in this case will be 1.5-2 times less. According to experienced quail breeders, to make one cage, in which you can keep up to twenty birds, you will need 1 sq. meter of galvanized mesh, and for one cage battery per hundred birds - about 1.5 square meters. meters of sheet metal, 0.7 sq. meters of plywood, 4.5 sq. meter of galvanized mesh. For cages for a thousand birds, it will take up to 50 sq. meters of mesh, 6-7 sq. meters of plywood and 16 sq. meters of sheet metal.

For raising young birds, as a rule, ordinary wooden or plywood boxes are used. standard sizes 65x65x25 cm. Boxes can also be made by hand. Additional costs include the equipment of such enclosures with special lamps for heating and lighting, which help to create the optimal temperature and light conditions.

The main disadvantage of quails is their lack of an instinct for hatching eggs as a result of domestication. Therefore, to breed them, you will need an incubator that maintains a temperature of 37 to 39 ° C. Like cages, an incubator can be made on your own, on order, or purchased at a store. Drawings for the construction of an incubator can be found on specialized sites on the Internet. The cost of this equipment can range from 1,000 to 15,000 rubles. Such a wide range of prices is due to the characteristics of a particular model. Larger incubators with additional functions and capabilities (for example, temperature and humidity control devices, a device for automatically turning eggs ten times a day, etc.), respectively, will cost more. Decent models can be found for 5,000 rubles.

Additional equipment includes a feather plucking machine for plucking feathers from a carcass. Of course, this can be done manually, but with large volumes meat production this operation will take a lot of time and effort. Feathering machines help to significantly improve product quality and appearance, as when using them, the bird's skin is not damaged during plucking. The process of removing feathers is as follows. Bird carcasses are placed in a drum. When rotating, they hit the biting fingers and lose feathers (while the processing quality is quite high - automated equipment allows you to remove up to 95% of the feathers). The water entering the drum rinses the removed feathers and fluff into the tray. The cleaning time of carcasses per load is several minutes. In an hour, a low-power machine can process about a hundred carcasses. The cost of such equipment is 7,500-10,000 rubles.

Feeding and caring for quails

Quails grow quite quickly: the weight of newly hatched quails does not exceed 6 grams, but by the end of the first month it increases 15 times! After 2-3 months, they gain sufficient body weight and begin to lay eggs. However, this is possible only with proper care of the bird and competent organization of its feeding. An adult quail eats about 30 grams of feed per day. However, experts advise to plan daily feed consumption in the amount of 35 kg of feed per 1000 birds. Feed can be purchased already in finished form or mix feed mixtures yourself. Ready-made feed for quail, which have a more intensive biochemical metabolism than another Domestic bird, are dry or moist mixtures of crushed cereals (corn, wheat, barley, millet), which contain all the necessary vitamins and minerals, soybean or sunflower meal, chalk, premix, etc.

The diet of quails that lay eggs should also contain compound feed based on animal products - fish or meat and bone meal, milk powder. Meal worms, earthworms and various insects can also be used to fill the deficit of animal feed.

Experienced farmers prefer to prepare feed mixtures on their own, rather than purchase ready-made compound feed, which may require a grain crusher and / or grass cutter (the cost of such specialized equipment is 3500-5000 rubles). All feed must first be thoroughly chopped and then mixed.

Compound feed for quails can also consist of the following components (as a percentage of the total weight of compound feed): yellow corn - 20, millet - 15.7, wheat - 19, sunflower cake - 4.9, dry milk - 4, meat and bone meal - 12, fish flour - 12, dry yeast - 6, herbal flour - 3, ground shell - 2, table salt - 0.3, mineral additive - 0.5. 100 g of this compound feed contains 22.6% of dry proteins, 2% of calcium, 1.6% of phosphorus and 0.6% of sodium. An adult bird is fed 2-3 times a day at the same time. In winter, quails are fed with sprouted greens of millet, onions, oats and wheat, and in summer they give unlimited leaves of cabbage, beets, alfalfa, nettle, lettuce, and spinach clover. The exact recipe for the feed mixture (composition and proportions of ingredients) depends on the feed base of the region where the farm is located, and, as a rule, is prepared independently by each farmer.

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The cost of feeding birds depends on several conditions at once, but primarily on the region and ingredients. Fattening of quails for meat begins when they reach 30 days of age. For such feeding, special compound feed for broilers is used (80% of the total feed) plus boiled peas (20%). Good performance can be achieved by increasing the content of corn and feed fat in the poultry diet. But in no case should the birds be abruptly transferred to a fattening diet, otherwise it can lead to illness or death of quails.

Such a transition is carried out within three to four days, replacing part of the old diet with a new one. For example, on the first day a little more than half of the old feed is given, and the remainder is new feed. Over the next three days, the percentage of the usual feed is constantly reduced. For meat quails are fattened for about a month. At the same time, for the first three weeks, dim lighting is maintained in the cells of the fattening young animals around the clock.

Subsequently, females and males are kept separately. The cells of females are illuminated intermittently: for one hour of light - two hours of darkness, and for males, daylight hours are reduced to eight hours. In well-fed birds, a layer of subcutaneous fat is visible on the chest. Their weight reaches 200 grams in two months (for comparison, egg-laying quails at the same age weigh no more than 130 grams).

It will take two or three people to care for a livestock of 600 birds. At first, you can take over these functions, and then, as income grows, you can hire assistants who will be engaged in feeding the bird, caring for it, cleaning the cages, collecting eggs, tracking the optimal regimes for keeping quails.

Sales of products

Quail carcasses are sold through markets, supermarkets, as well as restaurants and cafes, kindergartens, schools, sanatoriums, tourist centers, etc. The quail carcass is sold at retail for 80-90 rubles. Quail eggs cost from 2 rubles apiece, depending on the region. An additional source of income for such farms is the sale of quail at the age of up to one week at a cost of up to 25-30 rubles per head and at the age of one month at a cost of 40-45 rubles.

The primary costs for the arrangement of such a farm for 600-700 heads are up to 300 thousand rubles, taking into account all costs, including equipment. The payback period in this case is, as mentioned above, 4-6 months, due to the high fertility of birds.

Many farmers who do not have sufficient capital in the amount of 250-300 thousand rubles to organize industrial production, start by buying a small number of quails, followed by their breeding and growing. Gradually, they increase the necessary livestock, which can take up to six months. This is a good option for a small farm, but it is worth taking into account the fact that the payback period of such a project will be significantly higher (up to a year), and the profit, respectively, will be lower.

Usually, experienced farmers who do not have a large start-up capital, practice the following scheme. They buy several hundred hens under two months of age, as they cost half the price of adult layers, as well as several dozen males under one month of age (about 15-20 hens per male). Then the birds are raised to the desired age. In this case, groups are first formed for laying eggs for incubation.

It is best to initially organize the sale of eggs, since they can be obtained in the first two months of the existence of the farm. First, they can be sold to friends and acquaintances, and then they can develop new sales markets. It is advisable to purchase incubators at the very beginning of the existence of the farm, which will increase the profitability of your business. This way, you can start with 300-400 birds, and then within a short period of time (about half a year) increase it to over 1000 units, not counting chicks and eggs incubated in the incubator.

It is best to sell eggs and carcasses through retail retail chains... This would require additional packaging costs but well worth it.

To increase profitability, many poultry farms are trying to take advantage of every opportunity. For example, large poultry enterprises even sell quail manure, which is an excellent natural fertilizer purchased by both individual private farms and large farms.

Another source of income is the sale of educational materials and even full-fledged quail breeding courses. If you know how to do something well, then why not make money on your knowledge and experience? To do this, you can create your own website on the Internet (the minimum cost of such is 1,500 rubles). Prepare detailed text and video materials and sell them for the price of a printed book (500 - 1000 rubles).

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Calculator for calculating the profitability of this business

Breeding quail for sale is a waste-free production. They sell eggs, carcasses and even bird droppings. This type of business is quite suitable for an inexperienced farmer, as it does not require large investments, special knowledge and skills. The low investment threshold and simplicity make the quail business profitable and beneficial for the aspiring entrepreneur.

Positive aspects of a quail breeding business idea:

• high egg production of birds (the productivity of one individual is 250-280 eggs per year or 22-23 eggs per month);
• the popularity of the product among those who adhere to the principles of healthy eating (there are more and more of them in Russia);
• favorable ratio of body weight and eggs (1:24);
• simple conditions for keeping and feeding birds;
• long shelf life of eggs (more than chicken eggs, 3 times).

It is important to remember! The main advantage of a business is a short payback period. The home farm will be profitable in just 2 months.

But business also has disadvantages. First of all, this is work without holidays and weekends - the farm needs supervision. The second disadvantage is related to short term productive life of the laying hen. The bird becomes an adult early, after a year it is changed: a one-year-old quail is about to stop "supplying" eggs. Although quails are less sick than chickens and rabbits, they are sensitive to changing conditions. Drafts, unusual food, temperature changes sometimes lead to the fact that the bird stops laying eggs for 2-3 weeks, and this is a direct loss for the farmer.

The main questions of organizing a quail farm

Premises of 8-10 sq. m. on the territory of a private house or summer cottage it is easy to turn into a quail farm. It is good if it is a warm room with ventilation. The birds are kept in cages, while the cages are placed in 2-3 floors. Do-it-yourself cages are not difficult to build; this will help save on initial investments and increase profitability.

What you shouldn't save on: feed, automatic feeders and drinkers. For good egg production and weight gain, the bird needs a balanced feed (it is unlikely that it will be possible to prepare it at home). It is also important to distribute this food correctly to ensure that all of them are distributed evenly. Nipple drinkers are purchased for quails - with them, keeping birds is facilitated: layers have access to clean water all the time.

Helpful information! The quail population should be provided good conditions for breeding: find a quiet place, adhere to the specified temperature (18-22 ° C) and humidity (at least 65%). This will require heating devices, a ventilation system, artificial lighting.

80-100 individuals are placed on 1 square meter. Thus, to keep 500 birds (experienced farmers recommend starting with this number), at least 5 square meters will be required. meters of free space. Taking into account the fact that the business will expand, it is better to allocate a space of 10-20 square meters.

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The profitability of quail breeding

How does the idea of ​​breeding poultry pay off? Let's count. The purchase of young animals will cost 7,000 rubles (14 rubles per chicken). Quail will reach reproductive age in 30-40 days. In a month, the birds will begin to lay eggs, the first profit will appear. In the livestock they keep one male for 4 females, so only 400 out of 500 birds carry eggs. At the end of the second month, the entrepreneur will have 10 thousand eggs in his hands. By this time, the distribution channels should be prepared. Even if you donate eggs at the wholesale price (40 rubles per ten), your earnings will amount to 40,000 rubles.

Important information! Experienced quail breeders advise not to buy immediately a herd of 500 individuals, but to purchase 10-20 families, which will then give birth. On average, 50 birds give birth to 500 heads in six months. With this method of organizing a home farm, you will have to acquire an incubator, but this is beneficial - it will quickly pay off. The cost of the device is from 3 to 15 thousand rubles.

Start-up costs for starting a business:

Concerning running costs, then 80% of the monthly costs of a novice businessman is the purchase of feed. One adult eats 25 g per day or 750 g in 30 days. 500 birds will require 375 kg (9 375 rubles in monetary terms). Combined feed is bought for quails, its price is 25-30 rubles. per 1 kg (cheaper in bulk). For 60 days, the cost of feed will amount to 18,750 rubles.

Taking into account all calculations, the costs of home farm will amount to 46,750 rubles in 2 months (including start-up capital). After this time, the businessman reaches the break-even point. Monthly income from the sale of eggs at the level of 40,000 rubles. will bring a net profit of 20,000 rubles. (taking into account natural product losses).

Quail farm business plan

With the acquisition of experience, the farmer will learn how to raise the young in the incubator himself, this will reduce the cost of acquiring new birds to zero and will become a source of additional profit. For raising chickens and organizing " kindergarten»You will need a brooder (a special box for keeping babies) and vacuum drinking bowls; the cost of the finished box is 4,500 rubles.

The benefit of independent breeding of quails is that a novice businessman gradually gets used to the rules of caring for a bird, creates good conditions for it, separates males from females in time. Separating a quarter of the eggs for reproduction, the entrepreneur will decide the issue with the purchase of young animals.

Another condition for the profitability of the selected type of activity is the absence of salary costs. The idea of ​​building a mini farm is beneficial in that it does not require hired labor - one person can handle a livestock of 500-1000 pieces. Also, acquaintances and friends who will buy eggs will not require documents from the tax and sanitary services. If the number of livestock exceeds 1000, the cost of their maintenance will also increase. It will take hired personnel, documenting, advertising costs, packaging, transportation, veterinarian services.

So that the profit does not go negative, and the costs of maintaining the farm are minimal, adhere to the following rules:

1. combine different types of commerce (selling eggs, raising young birds, preparing meat);
2. do not start by buying a large batch of birds - start several families, gradually expanding the territory of the business;
3. look for suppliers before laying hens;
4. make racks, brooders, cages with your own hands - buy only what you can't do yourself;
5. do not skimp on feed: high-quality compound feed is a guarantee of bird health.

Where and to whom to sell the grown quails and eggs

Calculations show that the profitability of the business is high - provided that it is possible to establish distribution channels. Selling 10 thousand eggs a month will not be difficult and will not require serious marketing investments. If there are more products, you will have to hire a seller in the market or look for a wholesale buyer.

Main distribution channels: market, supermarkets, restaurants. Interested in the product are health establishments that adhere to the principles of dietary nutrition (sanatoriums, rest homes, children's institutions). But working with large retail outlets and organizations will require documentary evidence of the legitimacy of the business. You will also have to get certificates from the sanitary service.

The wholesale price of a dozen eggs is 30-40 rubles, the retail price is 50-60. There are eggs of rare breeds, their price reaches 60-70 rubles. for 10 pcs. If the entrepreneur manages to prove that his product is fresh and environmentally friendly, the price per package will rise to 100 rubles. As a rule, the goods are sold in the region of the manufacturer, because the costs of transportation and refrigeration equipment reduce profits.

It's important to know! Quail eggs are available to residents of large cities, in small villages the market is not saturated. The culture of consumption of quail meat and eggs is growing, interest in products in Russia is increasing: the market is showing growth.

Sale of meat and quail carcasses

The poultry (meat and eggs) market in Russia has been steadily growing since the early 2000s. Despite the many producers, including large ones, this sector is open to new entrants, especially when it comes to chickens.

The quail market shows positive development dynamics. Now, given the clear trend towards a healthy diet, the idea seems to be profitable. This material - detailed description peculiarities of business organization with economic calculation profit and cost.

Features of the Russian market for quail meat

The volume of production and consumption of poultry and eggs in Russia is growing. In 2017, the provision with poultry meat in the country was already 98.7%, eggs - more than 100%. Volume Russian market eggs during this period exceeded 160 billion rubles. (more than 400 million eggs).

In 2017, every resident of Russia ate slightly less than 300 pieces per year. eggs, this figure is growing by an average of 2% per year. Consumption of quail meat during this period increased by 3.1 kg to 33.5 kg per person.

The market is considered saturated. But we take into account that more than 90% of the products are chicken meat and eggs. The consumption of other products, including quail, is also growing, but the demand for them often remains unsatisfied. The potential is huge: for example, the capacity of the quail egg market in the Russian Federation is 20 times lower than in Japan. According to experts, with the growth of competition, consumers in stores will pay more attention to analogues. chicken meat and eggs.

Competitive product advantages

Quail eggs and meat are significantly healthier than chicken eggs - and these benefits should be used when promoting products.

The composition of quail eggs is much richer. They contain (in comparison with chicken):

• potassium (5 times more);
• iron (4.5 times more);
• vitamins B1 and B2 (2.5 times more);
• vitamins A, B 1, B 2, P, K, iron, phosphorus, cobalt;
• several amino acids.

Quail meat is a delicacy: it is softer, juicier, more aromatic than chicken. In terms of chemical composition, there is also a difference. In him:

• more proteins, vitamins and minerals;
• less fat;
• contains a large amount of fatty acids (polyunsaturated).

The health benefits of consumption have been known for a long time. Meat has immunomodulatory properties, improves condition internal organs and strengthens bones.

And, of course, quail meat is much tastier than chicken and rabbit meat.

Is it better to produce meat or eggs?

The quail business is good because the production is practically waste-free: you can sell both meat and eggs. What is the best choice? It is better to choose right away, since there are two subspecies of birds: meat and egg.

1. Quails of meat breeds, with proper care and feeding, gain 300-330 gr. (normal slaughter weight) in less than 3 months. Little eggs are laid. However, these birds are more demanding to care for. When raising meat poultry, you will have to devote a lot of time to caring.
2. After the first month of life, the quail begins to actively lay eggs; average productivity of 1 layer - 23-25 ​​eggs / month. In this mode, they bear fruit for 10-12 months, after which they grow old.

Business plan: quail breeding - the main costs

Quails are demanding on conditions of detention. You need the right temperature, lighting, cleanliness. Therefore, when organizing a business, it is not worth saving.

According to the business plan for breeding quails at home, the following costs are assumed for organizing a farm for 500 heads:

Consumable item	Cost, rub.
Registration of individual entrepreneurs, obtaining permits
Creation of a farm (40 sq. M), internal work, poultry house equipment.
Purchase, installation, adjustment of equipment (incubator, brooder, refrigerators)
Purchase of poultry, 300 pcs.
Purchase of feed (for a month, 450 kg)
Wage, 3 people
Additional costs (inventory)

The population will quickly reach the designated value of 500.

Registration and documents

First, decide in what form to conduct your business. It all depends on how the entrepreneur intends to sell the product.

If you plan to work with small shops, private sellers, you can organize a business as a private household plots - a personal subsidiary farm. It's easier, cheaper, and less paperwork. You need to get a certificate, an inspection certificate, a certificate from the veterinary service.

If a businessman wants to sell meat / eggs through retail chains, an individual entrepreneur must be registered. It is more expensive, since you need to go through many checks, obtain technical specifications, quality certificates. In general, this can cost about 50 thousand rubles.

By the way, an entrepreneur engaged in breeding birds can apply for certain assistance from the state (in obtaining loans or financial grants).

Quail breeding room

It is believed that the quail is not a particularly whimsical bird, but this is only partly true. The premises for a quail breeding business should be selected in accordance with the following requirements:

• A constant temperature should be maintained at 20 ° C, it should not exceed 25 ° C or fall below 18 ° C. Otherwise, egg production drops noticeably.
• The constant level of air humidity is 65-70%. Otherwise, the birds will feel uncomfortable.
• Maintain lighting for 18 hours a day. Better to use lamps to adjust the time yourself. In this mode, the birds will live and lay eggs longer.
• The supply of fresh air to a room with animals must be at least 1.5 cubic meters in winter and 5 cubic meters in summer. It is important to exclude the appearance of drafts.
• For 50 heads, 1 cubic meter should be allocated. m of space for better egg production.

Equipment for the quail breeding business

The birds will live in cages (called batteries) which are arranged in several rows. These batteries can be installed vertically to facilitate maintenance. In addition, there will be more space in the room.

Drinking bowls, feeders, containers for manure are installed inside. For the eggs, special rolling trays are equipped to make them easier to collect (birds rush to the floor of the cages, it must be done at a slope of 12-13 degrees).

The batteries (rows of cells) must receive enough light - for this, the lamps can be installed at an angle.

Quail care

Raising and caring for quails will not take much time. The main thing is to keep clean:

• flush batteries, remove stubborn dirt;
• disinfect feeders and drinkers once a month;
• daily clean the trays of cages from dirt, droppings, egg residues;
• conduct a monthly general sanitary cleaning of the farm and poultry house, disinfect using a quartz lamp.

You can use a humidifier to increase the humidity in the house. Or just install plates of water - but then you can't keep track of exceeding the permissible level of this parameter.

Once a week, set bowls with sand and ash in the cells. Birds take a kind of "bath" in them, getting rid of lice in their feathers.

The farm should be located away from sources of strong sounds (highways, loud music) so that the birds do not get nervous.

Feed and breeding

The better feed base, the healthier they will be and the more eggs they will produce. You cannot economize on the stern.

Buy quality balanced feed. Birds should be fed with protein as they grow up. Adults are fed with food additives - various vegetables, herbs. All this provides vitamins and improves performance. Half of the feed is cereals (wheat, barley), the rest is nutritional supplements.

You need to feed 3 times a day, strictly in time. One bird eats 20-30 grams per day. - it is important to adhere to this value. All feed should be finely ground.

Fertilized eggs mature quickly in an incubator. After the chicks are raised in a brooder, a heated device that replaces the roost and allows the young to gain strength quickly.

Workers

A quail farm for 500 heads as a business does not require a lot of workers:

1. 1 person is capable of serving, looking after birds. The worker does not require any special qualifications. He must timely eliminate the factors that irritate the quails, create comfortable conditions and be careful with the birds. The employee must monitor the condition and behavior of birds, track changes in their life.
2. Sales Representative. Will establish contacts with cake chains, conclude contracts for the supply of products.
3. Driver with a car. Its task is to deliver goods to the points of sale on time.

A veterinarian and accountant can be outsourced, although the latter is only needed if available. legal entity... An individual entrepreneur can deal with all the reports on his own.

Sales

Before delivering eggs to retail outlets, they need to be packaged. To do this, you should order plastic containers suitable size. They need to apply their own labels, which should be pre-ordered and printed at the printing house.

The sale of quail eggs and meat is the most complex issue... This product is perishable, the demand for it in Russia is just being formed.

There are several ways to sell farm products:

• creation of a small company store;
• sales, including wholesale, to retail chains;
• sale directly from the farm;
• delivery of eggs / meat to restaurants, catering establishments.

You can also buy a car, install refrigerators in it, come to sleeping areas and sell goods directly to residents. Or distribute to your friends and acquaintances.

An additional way to make a profit is to sell the young stock to other farms.

Marketing

In the absence of widespread demand, it is important to organize effective advertising your farm. In order to reduce costs, it is recommended to use publicly available methods of information: advertisements on the Internet, newspapers, in social networks, on internet forums. BTL methods are also effective:

• distribution of leaflets at shops;
• Spread promotional materials by mailboxes;
• carrying out promotional events, promotions directly in retail outlets.

An effective method is “word of mouth” (that is, the dissemination of information by word of mouth through friends / acquaintances, acquaintances of their acquaintances). It is worth participating in agricultural exhibitions - it is possible to find wholesale buyers there.

Focus on the real benefits of quail eggs, on the fact that with their help you can improve your health and recover faster from some diseases.

Calculation of profitability

According to a business project for quail breeding, an investment of about 300 thousand rubles is required to open a small quail farm.

1. 400 birds a month will bring 10 thousand quail eggs. 100 heads will be slaughtered.
2. The cost of 1 egg on the market is 3 rubles on average. Accordingly, the monthly proceeds will amount to 30 thousand rubles. The price of 1 carcass is 100 rubles, that is, 10 thousand rubles. monthly. Total revenue - 40 thousand rubles.
3. The cost will be approximately 30% of this amount (most of the cost will go to feed). In monetary terms, this is 12 thousand rubles.
4. Indicator net profit is equal to 28 thousand rubles. per month.

A small farm will pay for itself in about 11 months, and then it will bring a stable income.

Pros and cons of growing quail as a business

A quail business at home has several advantages:

• the farm needs a little space;
• birds grow quickly and begin to lay eggs;
• quail is easy to keep;
• quail rarely get sick;
• production can be made waste-free, even manure can be sold (as fertilizer);
• no need to spend money on a large staff of workers;
• weak competition in the market with growing demand;
• products are good for health.

There are not many disadvantages:

• The bird is sensitive to noise, temperature, humidity and light.
• The consumer market is not yet developed, the demand is unstable. Because of this, problems with the sale of products are possible. This leads to an increase in the payback period.

Quail farm - promising direction... Despite the obvious risks and the "unaccustomedness" of the Russian consumer to quail meat / eggs, an entrepreneur who will be engaged in this business now may become the basis for the formation of a new market in the Russian Federation, gradually diversify the business and open a large-scale production. Step by step plan, given in this article, will help you assess the profitability of a business and open a farm, being aware of the possible difficulties.

Quail meat and eggs of these birds are still underestimated by our compatriots. In Japan, for example, it is believed that these products have a healing effect on the human body. And this is perfectly true. Quail meat and eggs have valuable taste. They are classified as dietetic foods. At the same time, quail breeding as a business is seen as an opportunity to start a business using a minimum of investment. The payback and profitability of this business also attracts businessmen who want to connect their business with agriculture.

How much money does it take to open a quail farm?

To begin with, it is enough to buy 500 heads, which is quite possible to organize at home. Quails reproduce well and after 12 months there will be 10 times more of them. The construction of the farm, taking into account materials and equipment, will cost 10 thousand dollars. This amount also includes the purchase of poultry or eggs. All livestock are usually divided into two parts. One of them is intended only for production, and the second performs the function of replenishing and renewing the herd. One-year-old quails are usually slaughtered for meat. Eggs are collected from birds that are 10 months old. Selling young quails is profitable only as a side business. They can only be bought by farmers who are engaged in this business or start it, and this does not happen very often.

Step-by-step plan for starting a quail breeding business

What kind of premises do you need for a quail farm?

Where the farm itself will be located does not really matter. The main thing is that it is warm, with a constant temperature and humidity (18 degrees and 70%, respectively). It is quite possible to organize this even at home. Proper ventilation of the room plays an important role in the organization of the microclimate. It must be arranged so that fresh air enters the room regularly, and there are no drafts. These birds cannot stand bright light, so no additional lighting is needed. As for the area, 700 birds are located on 15-20 square meters. The rearing of young animals usually takes place in a different room. Enough for this and 5 sq. M. Separately, it will be necessary to equip a dry room for storing feed.

Growing quails for meat or eggs at home takes place in special cages, which are equipped with feeders and drinkers. The floor in the egg cage is always tilted. Due to this, the eggs always roll in one direction, where they gather near a special side. I can't imagine making such cells myself. special labor... You need to buy the simplest components: mesh, wooden boards, metal sheets and plywood. The most convenient are double cages, in the middle of which a drinker is installed.

You need to plan a living space at the rate of 100-120 sq. Cm. area per bird. The height of the cages should not exceed 25 cm, otherwise the quails will tend to take off and will injure themselves. For livestock reared for meat, the egg collector does not need to be installed. This significantly saves materials. You can buy a ready-made cage for 11-13 birds, for example, for 1100 rubles, and a large "house" for 88-104 birds - for 8300 rubles.

The cages are set in several "floors" (usually 3-4), and the first one should be at a distance of about one meter from the floor.

What are the best quail breeds for breeding?

When everything is ready for settling quails, you need to decide where to buy good quails suitable for breeding, egg and meat production. The most common breeds that successfully live in mid-latitudes are "Japanese", "marble", "British black and white", "pharaohs". The latter among the farmers are considered the most successful for breeding for meat. The weight of an adult female is 235 g, and that of a male - 200 g. For a year, the female is able to lay about 220 eggs, and she begins to do this already at the age of 40-50 days.

Usually, home farmers breed two types of breeds: one for obtaining eggs, and the other for obtaining meat. The "Japanese" breed is considered to be the most egg-producing breed. Females can lay about 300 eggs over a period of five months. Then their productivity drops, and the birds are slaughtered for meat. This breed is considered resistant to disease and infection.

You can buy young birds through advertisements in the media and on the Internet. Farmers often take them to the poultry market. It is best to buy two month old chicks.

Bird feeding

Feed market for quail farm not yet so widespread in our country. From what domestic manufacturers offer, you can buy the most suitable mixtures, but they are additionally improved with supplements in the form of vitamins and minerals. Quails are useful: fish meal, shell rock, chalk, naturally in moderation. Overdosing can lead to decreased productivity.

Any feed is based on finely ground corn and wheat. A shell must be added to them. The female usually eats 20-30 g of feed per day, and the male - 18 g. It takes about 1 kg of compound feed to feed the chicks up to two months of age. It is better to buy feed for future use. Knowing the feeding rates, it is not difficult to calculate their number.

How much money does it take to start a quail breeding business

To answer the question about the average monthly income that a quail breeding entrepreneur can count on, take economic indicators from a real business plan.
Purchase of an incubator, cells and additional equipment $ 1,500
Purchase of quails (400-600 heads) USD 500
The cost of purchasing feed, vitamins, lighting, etc. (gross expenses) $ 200 / month.
Monthly revenue ( gross income) $ 500

How much can you earn on breeding quail

Profit before tax will be $ 300 / month, and after payment of mandatory payments - $ 250-280 (the exact amount depends on the tax system). Please note that the cost of keeping one quail is inversely proportional to the number of birds on your farm. For example, if the maintenance of 500 heads requires $ 200 / month ($ 0.4 per bird), then for 1000 head - $ 370 / month ($ 0.37 per quail).
An additional source of increasing the profitability of your business is the processing of poultry manure into finished fertilizers. These products are in great demand in agriculture, so you will not have any problems with the implementation. On average, every 500 quail will bring you an additional $ 150-200 each year in net profit.

Do I need a permit to start a quail breeding business

Many farmers, engaged in raising quails, do not register their activities with the Federal Tax Service and do not pay taxes. However, they do not violate the legislation of the Russian Federation. The sale of surplus agricultural products grown on a personal household farm is not an entrepreneurial activity, which means that it is not subject to taxes. But this method has significant drawbacks. You won't be able to organize serious business, and the channels for selling eggs and carcasses are limited to the food market, friends, acquaintances and neighbors.

Your farm will definitely be checked by representatives of the fire services and Rospotrebnadzor. They must issue permits stating that you comply with health and safety standards and fire safety regulations.

What documents are needed to open a quail breeding business

Considering the above information, we can conclude that in order to grow quails on a large scale, it is necessary to draw up IP documents. To do this, you must:
Pay the state fee.
Make photocopies of TIN and passport.
Write two statements (on registration and the choice of taxation regime).
Bring a package of documents to the Federal Tax Service.

But the most important documents for this business are veterinary certificates and quality certificates (without them, no one will cooperate with you). In order to obtain this paper, your products must be tested in special laboratories.

What is the OKVED for business

In three days you will be given everything required papers... When preparing the above documents, do not forget to indicate the code of your activity. For growing quails - this is OKVED 01.49.9.

How to make quail breeding a profitable business

Quail breeding as a business will be successful if you establish a stable sales of products... Experts say that by setting it up at home, you can achieve a profitability of 70%. You can start offering your products through friends and neighbors. V small towns and in villages it is a common way of selling. When the quail business turns around and gets on its feet, you can go out with large parties to the city market.

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