The cost of raising quail at home. Quail breeding as a business: is there a benefit. Business plan: what is how much it costs
Perhaps everyone has heard about the benefits of quail eggs and meat. The demand for this product and low competition make many novice entrepreneurs think about this type of activity as a business. Having once tried keeping birds for their own needs, people begin to consider quail breeding as their main business. Of course, in an unstable economic situation, it is not easy to start any entrepreneurial activity. But, if you consider all the disadvantages and advantages of this idea, then a quail farm can be an optimal investment of money.
Considering any business project, you should immediately pay attention to its relevance and prospects. After all, further success depends on these indicators.
This type of entrepreneurial activity is characterized by quick payback and high profitability. In addition, small start-up investments allow novice businessmen to pay attention to this project.
A business idea for quail breeding can be implemented in two ways:
- egg production and laying hens;
- breeding of poultry as a supply of meat.
The choice of direction is largely determined by the competitive environment and the scale of the business. Therefore, the most important point in the implementation of this project will be the analysis of the competitive environment and the market.
The best option is to combine these two directions within one farms.
Quail meat has a special delicate taste and is appreciated all over the world due to its rich set of microelements. The meat of this bird has been valued in Russia for a long time, but before it was preferred to be hunted. Later, quail breeding became one of the areas of the agricultural industry.
Diet poultry meat is considered one of the most easily digestible and contains up to 22% protein in a refined form. The high content of useful vitamins (A, H, K) and low calorie content make this product a frequent menu in the diet of children, athletes and those who watch their figure.
But, despite the apparent advantages of the product, the competition in the market is not high enough, which opens up great opportunities for novice entrepreneurs.
Cons and pros of the project
Bird breeding has many advantages and disadvantages, but each of them can differ from region to region. We tried to average the indicators of the bird breeding process and demonstrate the standard pros and cons.
- good payback;
- low costs;
- fast development;
- low concentration of competitors;
- high demand for products.
Low competition, perhaps, is one of the key points indicating great prospects. Given the increased popularity of natural products and the general orientation of the whole world to proper dietary nutrition, the demand for eggs and quail meat has increased significantly. At the same time, it is not able to fully satisfy the market potential that is present on the market today.
Quail business
In this regard, the idea of quail breeding is very promising. In some regions of our country, it is completely difficult to find farms that breed birds on a professional basis.
- short life expectancy;
- avian disease (influenza, salmonellosis, pullorosis, etc.).
On large-scale production as a rule, laying hens are kept for up to 11-12 months only as production of eggs for sale. Their eggs are no longer suitable for incubation. In the conditions of a small farm, for 250-300 heads, it is very unprofitable to keep the parent flock separately only for the production of eggs. Therefore, experts recommend replacing birds every 8-9 months. By this time, the next generation should have grown up, ready to produce eggs for sale and incubation.
As for poultry diseases, at the slightest ailment, farmers get rid of a weak individual so that it does not infect the rest of the herd.
Breeding technology
Breeding quail for the sale of meat and eggs is a great alternative to traditional chicken products. Unlike chickens, quails do not need to build a large chicken coop. For them, it is necessary to equip cages.
Consider 1 square meter for 50 quails.
One of the key requirements for keeping birds is to ensure the optimal temperature regime and sanitary standards for the premises (cages). For high fertility, it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature in the range of 18-20 ° C.
With a strong drop in temperature (up to 15 ° C), the bird can significantly reduce productivity and completely stop laying eggs. If we allow a critical drop in temperature to 7-8 ° C, then it may die altogether.
In hot conditions, she begins to lose feathering and also reduces productivity. Therefore, maintaining a constant temperature in the cells is one of the primary tasks. To ensure normal conditions of detention, it is also necessary to provide a ventilation and cooling system. V winter period- heating of racks-cages.
Cell selection
The next point is to select the correct cell. Ideally, of course, to purchase specialized equipment for the farm, but at minimal investment, you can make a cage yourself.
How to choose the right cage? First of all, it must be made of galvanized mesh or metal. Universal devices will not work here, since the distance between the rods should be clearly calculated for the size of the quail's head. Birds should freely stick their heads between the rods in order to take food or reach the water, but at the same time do not leave the cage or get stuck.
The height of their "house" should not exceed 20 cm, behavioral factors should be taken into account here. Quails are prone to jump and high ceilings can cause head injury.
You should also provide for the presence of a tray for rolling eggs. Unlike chickens, these birds fly straight to the floor.
To maintain sanitary cleanliness, you need to put a container for droppings in the cage.
As for the volume of the quail's habitat, there are clear numbers here, which should not be violated. For every 10 heads, you need to provide 20 square centimeters of space. Interestingly, for chickens, a decrease in free space not only does not affect egg production, but, on the contrary, leads to an increase. And in the case of quail, you can get the opposite effect.
Quail cage prices
Quail cage
Feed requirements
For normal development and effective productivity of females, it is necessary to purchase quality feed from trusted suppliers.
The easiest step is to buy ready-made compound feed. For broiler chicks, compound feed marked PK-5-2, PK-1, PK-6 is suitable. It contains required amount protein that affects the egg production of the female.
Feeding should be strictly according to the clock - three times a day. Depending on the breed, the daily feed rate is 22-30 grams.
To increase productivity and gain weight, it is recommended to add food additives to the main feed. These can be vegetables, fresh herbs, vitamins.
If you thoroughly understand agriculture, then it can be analyzed that almost all compound feeds for poultry have a similar composition. The difference is the grinding of the grain and the food additives. The difference also lies in the periods of introduction of a particular feed.
Given the early maturity of quails, it is of great importance to purchase starter feed saturated with nutrients. This allows a small chick to grow in size almost 15 times in 30 days.
Novice poultry farmers need to figure out how to organize feeding the chicks. You can get a healthy brood if you have a balanced diet. Attention is also paid to the conditions of detention. You will learn what to feed the quail in the first days of life by reading this article.
When little chicks appear, the farmer has a new concern - special nutrition for the little ones. Feeding is very similar to feeding chickens. In the early days, you can give a hard-boiled egg, which must be carefully chopped so that the chick does not choke. After 12-14 days, they can be transferred to full adult nutrition, taking into account the characteristics of the breed.
The starter kit must include:
- grain (wheat, corn, barley);
- cake;
- yeast;
- broken shell, salt;
- meat and bone meal or fish.
Mandatory requirements for feed are nutritional value, balance, fine grinding.
Grain grinder prices
Grinder for crushing all types of feed grains and seeds
Newly hatched chicks need up to 25% protein in their feed for 30 days. Starting from the second month, this figure drops to 16%. For hens, it is about 20%.
With regard to the feeding process, it is important to choose the right drinkers and feeders for small birds. Given their light weight, the edges should be low.
To minimize costs, you can save on compound feed preparation with my own hands... This can almost triple the cost of the diet. An additional plus will be that you yourself will add the necessary trace elements and additives, depending on the health of the birds and the conditions of their keeping.
Quail food can be factory-made and prepared independently, but one thing is important - the correct composition. In our article you will find recipes for compound feed, varieties of ready-made compound feed. And you will also find out which compound feed is better: store feed or prepared yourself?
Choosing a breed
Initially, this bird was wild, but as a result of long selection, it gradually acquired the status poultry... Today there are about 40 specialists different types, each of which has its own characteristics in terms of content and productivity.
Experts classify quail for breeding according to the following criteria:
- meat breeds;
- meat and egg;
- egg.
Whichever option you choose, they are all productive and run well anyway. Another thing is that for the sale of meat it is better to select special people, for example the Pharaoh, who are gaining weight quickly.
The choice of a quail breed is the most important step in planning, because all further success and profit will depend on this.
Looking ahead, the most common breeds in Russia should be noted:
- Marble rock;
- Tuxedo;
- Estonian quail.
Japanese is especially loved among domestic farmers, as it is the least fastidious in terms of keeping conditions and is distinguished by increased immunity.
Meat breeds
A feature of this type is rapid weight gain. With proper care and a balanced diet, in which useful trace elements and vitamins must be present, birds of this type gain up to 300-500 grams of weight.
It is one of the most common types of meat. It is not very productive and lays about 180-200 eggs per year. Adults reach up to 300-330 grams of weight, which explains their great popularity not only in Russia, but also abroad.
Texas (American)
Because of its white plumage, this bird is often called the Texas albino. This breed is one of the best for breeding as a meat supply, as adults reach a weight of 400 grams. As for productivity, females do not differ in high egg production, however, like all broilers. They produce up to 200 eggs per year.
The disadvantage is the large amount of feed consumption, which significantly reduces profitability.
Egg breeds
If in business the main emphasis is on the sale of eggs, then, of course, it is better to give preference to the purchase of birds of this species. They are distinguished by high productivity and allow to receive up to 300-350 pieces per year.
At the same time, females begin to rush from an early age, from 1-1.5 months, which increases the productivity of the business process.
The most popular breeds in this species are:
- Estonian;
Meat and egg breeds
As the name implies, this is a fairly versatile variety that is often purchased for the household. If you are planning to establish a more specialized production, then experts still recommend purchasing egg and meat breeds separately.
The most popular in this type are English White Quail, English Black, Tuxedo. As a rule, the name of the breed determines the color of the plumage.
Eggs or meat?
The meat of these birds is considered dietary and one of the most useful, as it contains a large amount of protein and a low percentage of fat. In addition, it practically does not contain cholesterol, which makes it indispensable in the menu of pregnant women, children, people with high blood pressure, diabetes, etc.
Daily consumption of quail meat normalizes the level of cholesterol, strengthens the immune system.
As for eggs, it is because of them that farmers often begin to breed quail. Unlike other domestic birds, quail eggs can be eaten raw without fear of getting sick. infectious diseases... This is due to the high body temperature of females (about 42 ° C), which excludes the possibility of poisoning and the growth of bacteria.
A feature of birds is rapid puberty and early laying of eggs. For example, if the age of laying out a chicken starts at 8 months, then here it is reduced to 1-1.5 months.
Interesting! The benefits of quail eggs are proved by the fact that, for example, in Japan, pediatricians recommend that each student eat 2 eggs before lessons. This has a beneficial effect on the nervous system and improves the perception of information.
Having weighed all the pros and cons of each breed, it is important to clearly define for yourself for what purpose you plan to breed birds. After all, it is the choice of format and the method of marketing that will determine the purchase of a certain type of bird.
As for calculating the benefits from the sale of eggs and meat, you need to clearly calculate the income even at the planning stage.
If you only trade in eggs, then the poultry house is unlikely to pay off quickly.
Let's count. The average quail lays about 20 eggs per month. One egg on the market costs 5 rubles. The monthly income from one bird will be 100 rubles. With a livestock of 500, the income from the farm from the sale of eggs alone will amount to 50 thousand rubles. But this is only income, not net profit. Subtract shipping costs from here, communal payments and staff salaries and get a smaller amount.
And if you add all sorts of risks in the form of infection of layers, stress, which negatively affects productivity, then this income can even be halved.
Another form of doing business is selling eggs for incubation.
As a rule, farmers only donate rejected quails or excess males. Raising chicks for the sake of selling meat is not profitable, since meat is not very expensive. And given the small weight of an adult, it is quite difficult to make money on this.
In addition, it is necessary to keep a separate specialist who will pluck the feathers and butcher the carcasses. It will not be possible to do with so many carcasses on your own.
Live bird marketing
This option is very common in the poultry house. Quail can be sold at any age. And the bird costs the same as the finished carcass. As a result, with less labor costs, you can get more profit.
Business plan: where to start?
As in any other type of entrepreneurial activity, you should not immediately invest all the money in the purchase of live heads. Experts recommend starting with 300-500 quails and gradually increasing the yard in the future.
The purchase of a certain number of heads significantly affects the expense item, which will change the payback period. We quote an average of 500 head.
It is also important at this stage to correctly determine the format of the business, because you can breed birds for the sale of live heads, eggs or ready-made meat. In addition, it is worth immediately deciding whether you will buy adults or independently start hatching chicks using an incubator.
Organizational plan
This section of the document allows you to plan your activities step by step. Thus, the document becomes a desktop guide that allows you to complete tasks in a timely manner and calculate risks.
Business registration
The first stage of doing business, of course, is the registration part. It is necessary to obtain a business permit and a marketing license.
Choose by yourself the most acceptable form of entrepreneurship for yourself - LLC or individual entrepreneur and submit documents for registration.
With a small turnover, it will be enough to issue an individual entrepreneur and a form of payment for the Single Tax. Registration will not take long.
For the sale of products, it is necessary to issue certificates in the veterinary service. Without this, you will not be able to conclude contracts with large suppliers and sell products to restaurants, cafes and shops.
Required premises
As mentioned above, in terms of content, these birds are not very whimsical. Therefore, it will not be difficult to find the right room.
Here, first of all, it is necessary to focus on the size of the livestock and on the technical nuances that will allow maintaining the optimal temperature regime.
Requirements for the conditions of detention:
- temperature - from 18 to 25 ° C;
- humidity - within 68-70%.
What kind of staff is needed for breeding quails?
The success of any business depends not only on correct organization premises, but also the selection of good specialists. To breed birds, you need to hire several people to work.
Of course, at the first stage, in order to minimize costs, you can independently perform all the duties of caring for the birds. But for large-scale farming, you cannot do without helpers.
You need to take a person who will clean the cages, remove garbage, add food and water.
It is also important to constantly monitor the health of birds, the incubation process. In addition, there should be a person responsible for marketing products, negotiating with suppliers, etc.
For a farm of 400-500 birds, two people will be enough.
The approximate staff looks like this:
- bird care specialist;
- driver / courier.
Quail farm equipment
Immediately think about a ventilation system that will drive fresh air from the street. In no case should there be drafts in the room, so the option of natural ventilation should be immediately excluded.
Primary requirements
Another feature of the content of these birds is the creation of subdued light. Whether in the wild or at home, birds do not like bright lights. Therefore, give up powerful lamps, give preference to economy lamps with shades.
This, by the way, is another plus, which speaks of the profitability of the business. Indeed, keeping chickens or ducks, on the contrary, requires bright lighting, which significantly increases energy costs.
With the number of livestock in 500 pieces, in the winter period it is necessary to think over a heating system. This point can be omitted only if the farm is designed for a thousand or more pieces. Then the bird warms itself, and there is no need to artificially heat the farm. You just need to take care of high-quality insulation of walls and roofs.
The main component of the farm equipment is cell batteries.
One battery consists of 5 cells and contains an autonomous feeder, drinker, tray for eggs that roll out.
The cages are at a slight slope for quick collection of eggs.
One battery can hold up to 250 individuals. They can be ordered at finished form, but you can save money and do it yourself from metal reinforcement, mesh and plywood.
Incubator for breeding chicks
The next item to purchase equipment will be an incubator for hatching chicks. Today, a large number of different models of domestic and foreign manufacturers are presented on the market. For home use, of course, the simplest model is also suitable, where you will mechanically set the temperature, humidity, and turn eggs.
Breeders are increasingly thinking about quail breeding. And the first step to success is raising full-fledged chicks in home incubators. You can buy an incubator for quail or make it yourself. We will talk about this in this article.
For large production it is better to give preference to modern models with automatic mode turning eggs, maintaining temperature, humidity and the ability to work on an autonomous battery during a power outage.
So, to organize a medium-sized quail farm, you will need:
- incubator - 10 thousand rubles
- cell battery - 10 thousand rubles.
- brooder (nursery for chicks) - 2 thousand rubles.
The presence of a brooder makes it possible to greatly simplify the care of chicks, to increase productivity in the flock. In our article you will find the basic requirements for a nursery for chicks and how to make a brooder yourself.
If you plan to expand the scale and service in the future, you can immediately purchase:
- grain mill for self-production of feed;
- automatic feather plucking machine;
- vacuumator (increases the period of sale of meat);
- refrigerator and freezer.
Egg incubators prices
Egg incubators
Initial purchase of birds
After the premises have been selected and all repair and construction work has been carried out, personnel have been selected and equipment has been purchased, the stage of purchasing birds begins.
Having decided on the number of livestock and the breed of birds, it is important to find a good and trusted supplier. Experts do not recommend taking all the livestock from one seller at once. It is better to divide the purchase into 2 parts and see which of the birds turn out to be the most powerful and prolific. If necessary, you can always buy the required number of pieces.
Suitable age of quails for purchase is no older than 12-18 months. It is at this age that the young female reaches puberty, which means she is ready to lay eggs.
If for the purchase of chickens, ducklings and other birds there are recommendations on the time of year for purchase, then with quails things are easier. The productivity of females does not depend in any way on the season, but the necessary conditions for incubating eggs, the farmer creates himself.
Quail in the nest
An important point: before purchasing livestock, the seller must definitely consult about the type of feed that the birds were previously fed with, and try not to change it. A change of place of residence and even more so a diet can dramatically affect the health and reduce the productivity of females.
If you plan to transfer the birds to your own food, then this should be done gradually, no earlier than a month after the resettlement.
Marketing plan
This section is critical stage planning. It is he who allows you to adequately assess the situation in the market, analyze competitive environment and correctly determine the pricing.
Sales channels
Even at the stage of searching for premises and purchasing equipment, it is important to determine the distribution channels. Depending on the business model (sale of meat, eggs, chicks), it is necessary to think over who will buy products in bulk.
Given the active productivity of the quail and the short shelf life, you must be sure of an established marketing.
How to search for clients?
- Analyze the market and identify the main competitors in the region close to you.
- Study their products, prices, sales form.
- Form offer and send (or personally deliver) to the heads of cafes, restaurants, supermarkets, shops. Visit fairs, markets, etc.
Financial plan
This is one of the most time consuming sections of the documents, which reflects the entire financial entity project. Here it is necessary to correctly assess the risks, calculate costs and revenues, determine the break-even point, payback and profitability of the project.
When detailing the costs, it is important to understand that the main part will fall on the purchase of materials for the construction of the farm, repairs (if a ready-made room is purchased).
Also, this should include the purchase of birds, feed, staff salaries and business registration costs.
When calculating profit, you should correctly determine the cost of production. Do not forget that it includes not only the purchase of the bird itself, but also its maintenance, food, utilities, transport, wage specialists, etc.
Likewise with profitability. It is important to split up the one-time costs, which include purchasing equipment, building or repairing a farm. And there are fixed costs in the form of salaries, utilities, advertising, etc.
Expenses
All farm maintenance costs can be divided into two types:
- capital (one-time);
- monthly.
Based on this, we make an estimate.
Capital expenditures
Monthly expenses
Calculation of profitability and profitability
We calculate the proceeds from the sale of eggs:
Above, substantiating the idea of breeding quails for the sake of selling eggs, we said that one bird lays about 20 eggs per month. But not all eggs from females will be sold. To enlarge the farm, you need to set aside approximately 1/3 for incubation.
Thus, the income from the sale of eggs will be 200 quails * 20 eggs * 5 rubles = 20 thousand rubles.
The female eats 900 grams of feed for 20 rubles per month. 500 females * 20 p = 10 thousand rubles will be spent on feed.
We calculate the proceeds from the meat trade:
1 carcass weighing 250 grams costs 100 rubles.
Sold per month - 100 carcasses.
100 * 100r = 10 thousand rubles.
Output: based on the compiled document and the calculation of the financial part, the average payback period will be 5 months. The poultry house will generate income in the amount of 35-40 thousand rubles.
In order to increase the volume and expand production, you can invest in new equipment and expand services, sales market.
- It is not worth investing all the money in the purchase of young animals at once.
- Eggs for incubation and young animals should be purchased from trusted suppliers, preferably from two or three.
- Breeding quails, you should not rely only on the sale of eggs or meat. A universal approach will increase profitability.
- To minimize personnel costs, some specialists can be invited from outside, if necessary. The main part of the work will have to be taken over at the first stage.
- Selecting the right equipment. Given the diminutive size of the birds, the cages should not be tall.
- Maintaining a constant temperature regime within 18-25 ° C.
- The farm does not require large sizes and can easily be accommodated in a barn, room. The only caveat is that you need to provide ventilation and fresh air flow, but at the same time avoid drafts.
Summing up: is it profitable to breed quail?
Summing up, it should be said that quail breeding is quite a profitable business. The birds do not require special care, do not take up much space and at the same time are distinguished by high productivity.
A business can be built in several directions, and over time there are options for expanding the activity to the maintenance of large incubators, your own smokehouse, etc.
The average payback period is up to six months.
Almost every segment of the market is interesting in its own way to one or another entrepreneur. Thus, today there are very few industries that have been developed by someone. However, as practice shows, such segments do exist. But here it is worth making a reservation that their development is carried out not because they bring small profits, but because entrepreneurs do not know the elementary basics of this or that business. After all, most of the businessmen are engaged in business that quickly brings money. Long-term projects are of no interest to anyone. They can only be seen by a "seasoned" businessman of the old school.
Indeed, such industries are characterized by a long period of "rocking". In other words, they will not immediately bring profit, since it takes a certain amount of time to promote such a segment, and not every person has enough time. The sales market is also a characteristic feature. It can be small or very large. Such instability scares people away.
All of the above features characterize unfamiliar entrepreneurial industries. One of these industries is quail breeding. Studies of some experienced entrepreneurs have shown that the segment is not fully developed in other countries of the world. Visits to European, American, Japanese and Chinese farms showed that the quail breeding business exists in the form of some representatives of small or medium-sized businesses. Therefore, the creation of a large enterprise that will specialize in the cultivation of quails is a paramount task for any entrepreneur who wants to "plunge" into this area of business. But before? than to implement a factory, it is worth thinking about a small enterprise from which you can start a thorny path to the stars. In process of this enterprise you need to create a business plan for breeding quails in order to take into account all the nuances, investments and others characteristics business.
Market Description
As regrettable as it may sound, the domestic market does not bring the required amount of profit. This is due to a lot of factors. First of all, you need to consider the number of quail eggs produced per day. In Russia, this figure does not exceed 350,000 units, while in Japan, the same figure is 7,000,000 units, and in China - 70,000,000 units. All these exorbitant amounts were never dreamed of by the domestic market. The second point is the demand for this product. Quail and quail eggs are exotic foods. Therefore, many people are simply afraid to acquire them.
All these factors have a rather negative effect on the popularity of this business. The payback period is very long, as is the amount of investment required. Therefore, an experienced and accomplished market player can "play" in quail breeding. Smaller entrepreneurs cannot afford to promote such a business. As mentioned earlier, quail breeding is a long-term project and therefore requires maximum patience and time.
With regard to demand, in the opinion of many luminaries of modern business, this negative factor can be overcome through marketing operations, which must be carried out by specialists in their field. Statistics prove this fact. After the first "volleys" towards the consumer, the demand for quail eggs increased several times. Therefore, the consumption problem is no longer a problem at all.
Which sells better: quail or eggs?
Quails are comparable to chickens, because they exist in different types... Quails are meat and egg. The first species seem to be rather large individuals, weighing up to 300 grams, but as for laying eggs, then they are very far behind their direct relatives. Egg quails weigh an order of magnitude less, however, they are capable of producing about 350 eggs annually. Thus, the first species is used as food, and the second is exclusively for laying eggs.
For domestic restaurants, quail carcasses are of absolutely no value. They are too large for one serving, so cooking them is not profitable. But practically everyone buys eggs, from restaurants to ordinary merchants. Quail eggs are so popular for their extremely beneficial properties. They are packed with nutrients, making them an excellent diet food. Also, the Japanese bred another property of quail eggs. After World War II, it was proven that quail eggs have a positive effect on the health of people who were exposed to radiation. And this is not the whole list of those positive points that provide quail eggs to those who eat them.
A couple of years ago, quails were something amazing in the modern market. But now it is a perfectly acceptable product. Moreover, many people began to breed these birds right on their farm, along with other poultry. The entire Internet is almost full of information about diets using quail eggs and other wonderful properties of this product. All this indicates that the domestic market is quite ready to accept this segment, so one should not be afraid to master it.
The process of promoting a home-based quail breeding business is quite long, but this does not mean that there are absolutely no positive aspects in it. Although an entrepreneur with sufficient funds should start such a business, a beginner businessman can also try. The main thing is that he is not too lazy to study the market and draw up a competent business plan for quail breeding.
As for the advantages, several can be distinguished from the entire array. Firstly, quail breeding is characterized by a high turnover rate. This factor develops due to the rapid growth of chicks, which will subsequently produce about 280 eggs. If you initially purchase no more than 500 chicks, then by the end of the year their number will increase ten, or even fifteen times, depending on the care and maintenance.
Secondly, a characteristic feature of the business is the compactness of production. This is due to the small size of the bird in question. On an area of 0.5 square meters, you can fit about a hundred quails. As we understand, such compactness allows concentrating huge volumes of production in small spaces.
Thirdly, quails are not picky about caring for them. Two people can cope with this task. The main condition is to keep the temperature in the room +18 and give the quails special food. It is very difficult to find ready-made feed, since it is practically not available on the domestic market. But still there is a way out of the situation. The food can be made with your own hands, you only need to displace certain ingredients, namely:
- 30% wheat
- 25% corn
- 5% barley
And all this needs to be mixed with ground shell, fish meal and oil cake (sunflower).
So, at this stage of the business plan, the main elements necessary for breeding quails can be identified:
- To develop your own farm, which will be 1000 birds, you will need about $ 1000.
- $ 2,000 will be required to provide special blocks, which will consist of 12 cells.
- A small household incubator will cost $ 200.
- Each month you need to spend $ 200 on feed.
- The lighting and climate control system will cost $ 100, and this amount includes its installation.
But income can please the owner of a small business:
- Selling eggs will bring you $ 800 per month.
- The sale of quail meat will bring in $ 300 a month.
- Thus, the net income will be $ 900.
The payback period of the farm will be 5 months.
These numbers are quite attractive. They will increase as the economy grows. The larger the farm, the greater the profit itself.
The nuances of the quail business
In general, a home-based quail breeding business can generate a stable income if properly organized. Keeping quails is not difficult, everything depends solely on the very process of leaving, which needs to be organized. All subsequent actions will be related exclusively to marketing. Quail is a quail. They will lay eggs and multiply their numbers. But advertising itself will not appear. Therefore, the products need to be promoted in the market. Then there will be customers, and if there are customers, there will be profits.
Many quail experts advise starting a business with several hundred heads. This will allow you to reduce high costs at the very beginning of your business.
Output
The quail breeding process is a whole science that needs to be studied for a single year. Therefore, many entrepreneurs do not want to do this business, because they do not want to waste their time. But taking into account all the characteristic features of this business, we can conclude that it is capable of generating large profits if you apply all your strength to its development.
The main idea or concept of a quail farm business is that quail eggs and meat have a large sales market (second place after chicken eggs), and in every Russian city or village you can see quail eggs for sale.
The prospect of a quail farm as a profitable business project is based on the fact that:
- Quail eggs are a valuable immunomodulatory food product and contain a whole set of vital vitamins (A, P and K, B1, B2, iron, cobalt) and other trace elements necessary for the human body. This is in particular confirmed by the fact that in biopharmaceuticals, especially in the field of gerontology and technologies of life extension (anti-aging), the protein of quail eggs is massively used.
- Meat and semi-finished meat products from quails are considered a delicacy and dietary food, especially in restaurant business.
- The unique egg production of quails allows getting the first eggs from the bird already at 6 weeks of age. On average, an egg-bearing quail produces 280-330 eggs per year. This allows you to have almost uninterrupted quail eggs and meat, to ensure a stable supply of farm products to the market of any capacity.
- To create or start a business does not require large investments, sophisticated equipment, technologies. Also, the farmer does not need to obtain a license to raise the quail livestock and sell products.
- The market for quail eggs, as well as for meat, in the Russian commercial and consumer sector has been showing constant positive dynamics for over 20 years. This speaks of the sustainability of demand and the further prospect of market expansion.
The payback period of the quail farm project is 24 months.
Initial investment will be equal 2 445 000 rub.
The break-even point is reached at 5 a month of work of the quail farm.
Monthly net profit - 105 555 rub.
2. Description of the business, product or service
The project of the quail farm provides for its specialization in the production and supply of quail eggs to the commercial and consumer markets. This is the main product of the farm and its output will be approximately 98%.
The rest of the insignificant part of supplies will be carried out in the form of selling quails in live weight for restaurants that have quail meat dishes in their menu. This part of the production is sporadic and very insignificant in the volume of the entire business of the farm.
The project starts with 2,000 quails, reaches 4,500 quails by the end of the year, after which it stabilizes. Taking into account the egg production of quails capable of laying 300 days a year, on average, each bird is expected to yield 20-25 eggs per month. Moreover, the quail begins to bring the first eggs already at 5-6 weeks of age. The total gross flow of eggs from the farm to the market will be from 2500 dozen at the first stage to 10,000 dozen by the time when the number of birds is optimal and sales are established.
The most egg-bearing bird breeds - Japanese quail, English black quail and Manchu golden quail - will be selected as the main type of quail.
All these breeds are well adapted to keeping in small farms and in Russian climatic conditions.
The average selling price of a dozen quail eggs is 60 rubles.
The main sales channel will be focused on the commercial sector - culinary, bakery and confectionery companies, enterprises producing dietary and baby food, mayonnaise, creams and other semi-finished food products. A small part, about 15% -20%, of the products is planned to be delivered to retail chains and shops.
It is also planned to work with various hospitals and sanatoriums of the state or municipal sector under contracts concluded in the course of participation in special electronic auctions for the supply of goods and services for state and municipal needs.
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3. Description of the sales market
For qualitative assessment market for quail eggs and calculation economic efficiency This business project should take into account the following important market parameters.
Quail egg market volume and dynamics... Despite the fact that quail farming in Russia relatively recently began to acquire an industrial scale (only in the early 90s did the first full-cycle quail farms appear), only for the period from 2010 to 2016. the quail egg market has almost tripled. However, such rates are still quite far from the world average. So, for example, in Japan (considered the birthplace of quail breeding) in kind, the quail livestock market is growing annually by 8 million units. and in China - not less than 25 million units. The average annual growth rate of quail egg production is at the level of 4%, as well as the entire Russian market eggs in shell. The total volume of the egg market in Russia is about $ 5.5 billion, where the main share is taken by the hen's egg (80%), the second place is the quail's egg (at least 15%) and the eggs of other birds.
The structure of demand for quail eggs in Russia differs little from most European countries, and the bulk goes to industrial processing(for example, the production of mayonnaise), as well as in restaurants and confectionery business... Also, the quail egg is used for the preparation of dietary food and even for medical purposes (special creams, vaccines).
As for the use of quail meat, this segment consumer market occupies a very insignificant share in general structure demand. Basically, quail meat is used in the restaurant business for the preparation of exotic dishes (earlier in Russia, quail meat was served exclusively to the table of tsars and the nobility close to them).
Taking into account the above brief analysis, the following important conclusions can be drawn:
- The Russian quail market and, in particular, egg production is still far from saturation, and the average annual growth rate of consumption of quail eggs (to a lesser extent - meat) of 4-5% makes it possible to count on a long investment horizon, at least 10-15 years.
- The measures taken by the Russian government to protect the domestic agricultural market from competition from import suppliers guarantee comfortable conditions for the development of both large agricultural holdings and small farms.
In addition, it should be noted that the gradual introduction of the majority of Russians to healthy way life, the use of dietary products (where quail eggs do not occupy the last place) gives prospects for an increase in demand for the products of the quail farm, even within a separate municipal district or urban settlement.
4. Sales and Marketing
5. Production plan
To solve the organizational problem and legalize the business of the quail farm, the IP form was chosen ( individual entrepreneur), as the most suitable for starting the production of products at an enterprise with a small poultry population.
The main advantage of this form legal registration consists in the fact that a simplified taxation system (STS) is used with a maximum tax rate of 6%.
Also in favor of the choice of the IP farm format is the fact that for accounting and tax reporting, you can use the services of a financial specialist outside staffing table enterprises (for example, in the form of outsourcing or remotely).
In addition to individual entrepreneurs, you can also use the option of registering a farm as a private household or a peasant farm (peasant farm). But this form contains restrictions on use. tax incentives, which may further complicate the expansion of the business due to the creation of related types of production.
The general scheme for registration of an individual entrepreneur has a standard form and is carried out within 3 working days, by submitting an application to the local branch of the Federal Tax Service. Together with the payment of the state duty for registration and execution of other documents, the amount of organizational costs will not exceed 10,000 rubles.
It should be borne in mind that when submitting an application, it is necessary to indicate the code of entrepreneurial activity according to a special classifier - OKVED.
For a quail farm, this code looks like this:
OKVED 01.24 "Breeding of poultry».
In addition to registering a farm as a business, you should draw up a package of permits due to the very specifics of the quail farm. The list of such mandatory documents includes:
- a resolution of the local administration (signed by the head of the city or district) authorizing the construction of a quail farm. This document has the form of a separate order on the official letterhead of the head of administration or a representative body (city or village council) of the municipality;
- permits from departments of Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision (veterinary supervision) for the operation of premises, equipment for keeping poultry - quails;
- a contract for the treatment or disposal of waste, as well as a permit for the disposal of biowaste, approved by the local Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Unit;
- a certificate for the compliance of workplaces with the requirements of SanPiN - issued in the labor inspection at the location of the farm (in the municipal authorities).
- The certificate of conformity (ROSTEST certificate according to the regulations of TU 9846-036-23476484-04) for the products of the quail farm and obtaining an individual barcode for a specific enterprise. These documents are issued in the regional divisions of Rospotrebnadzor.
In addition, contracts with local water supply, utilities and electricity supply companies will be required.
The final amount required to receive the entire permits and registration of a business in the IP format will be no more than 70,000 rubles.
Breeding quail for sale is a waste-free production. They sell eggs, carcasses and even bird droppings. This type of business is quite suitable for an inexperienced farmer, as it does not require large investments, special knowledge and skills. The low investment threshold and simplicity make the quail business profitable and profitable for the aspiring entrepreneur.
Positive aspects of a quail breeding business idea:
- high egg production of birds (productivity of one individual is 250-280 eggs per year or 22-23 eggs per month);
- the popularity of the product among those who adhere to the principles of healthy eating (there are more and more of them in Russia);
- favorable ratio of body weight and eggs (1:24);
- simple conditions for keeping and feeding birds;
- long shelf life of eggs (more than chicken eggs, 3 times).
It is important to remember! The main advantage of a business is a short payback period. The home farm will be profitable in just 2 months.
But business also has disadvantages. First of all, this is work without holidays and weekends - the farm needs supervision. The second disadvantage is associated with the short life span of the laying hen. The bird becomes an adult early, after a year it is changed: a one-year-old quail is about to stop "supplying" eggs. Although quails are less sick than chickens and rabbits, they are sensitive to changing conditions. Drafts, unusual food, temperature changes sometimes lead to the fact that the bird stops laying eggs for 2-3 weeks, and this is a direct loss for the farmer.
The main questions of organizing a quail farm
Premises of 8-10 sq. m. on the territory of a private house or summer cottage is easy to turn into quail farm... It is good if it is a warm room with ventilation. The birds are kept in cages, while the cages are placed in 2-3 floors. Do-it-yourself cages are not difficult to build; this will help save on initial investments and increase profitability.
What you shouldn't save on: feed, automatic feeders and drinkers. For good egg production and weight gain, the bird needs a balanced feed (it is unlikely that it will be possible to prepare it at home). It is also important to distribute this food correctly to ensure that all of them are distributed evenly. Nipple drinkers are purchased for quails - with them, keeping birds is facilitated: layers have access to clean water all the time.
Useful information! The quail population should be provided good conditions for breeding: find a quiet place, adhere to the specified temperature (18-22 ° C) and humidity (at least 65%). This will require heating appliances, a ventilation system, artificial lighting.
On 1 square meter fits 80-100 individuals. Thus, for keeping 500 birds (with this number it is recommended to start experienced farmers) you need at least 5 sq. meters of free space. Taking into account the fact that the business will expand, it is better to allocate a space of 10-20 square meters.
Working from home: assembling jewelry
The profitability of quail breeding
How does the idea of breeding poultry pay off? Let's count. The purchase of young animals will cost 7,000 rubles (14 rubles per chicken). Quail will reach reproductive age in 30-40 days. Within a month, the birds will begin to lay eggs, the first profit will appear. In the livestock they keep one male for 4 females, so only 400 out of 500 birds carry eggs. At the end of the second month, the entrepreneur will have 10 thousand eggs in his hands. By this time, the distribution channels should be prepared. Even if you donate eggs at the wholesale price (40 rubles for a dozen), your earnings will amount to 40,000 rubles.
Important information! Experienced quail breeders advise not to buy immediately a livestock of 500 individuals, but to purchase 10-20 families, which will then give birth. On average, 50 birds give birth to 500 heads in six months. With this method of organizing a home farm, you will have to acquire an incubator, but this is beneficial - it will quickly pay off. The cost of the device is from 3 to 15 thousand rubles.
Start-up costs for starting a business:
Concerning running costs, then 80% of the monthly expenses of a novice businessman is the purchase of feed. One adult eats 25 g per day or 750 g in 30 days. For 500 birds, 375 kg will be required (9 375 rubles in monetary terms). They buy a combined feed for quails, its price is 25-30 rubles. per 1 kg (cheaper in bulk). For 60 days, the cost of feed will amount to 18,750 rubles.
Taking into account all the calculations, the cost of a home farm will amount to 46,750 rubles for 2 months (including start-up capital). After this time, the businessman reaches the break-even point. Monthly income from the sale of eggs at the level of 40,000 rubles. will bring a net profit of 20,000 rubles. (taking into account natural product losses).
Quail farm business plan
With the acquisition of experience, the farmer will learn how to raise the young in the incubator himself, this will reduce the cost of purchasing new birds to zero and will become a source of additional profit. For raising chickens and organizing " kindergarten»You will need a brooder (a special box for keeping babies) and vacuum drinking bowls; the cost of the finished box is 4,500 rubles.
The advantage of independent breeding of quails is that a novice businessman gradually gets used to the rules of caring for a bird, creates good conditions for it, separates males from females in time. Separating a quarter of the eggs for reproduction, the entrepreneur will decide the issue with the purchase of young animals.
Another condition for the profitability of the selected type of activity is the absence of salary costs. The idea of building a mini farm is beneficial in that it does not require hired workers - one person can handle a livestock of 500-1000 pieces. Also, acquaintances and friends who will buy eggs will not require documents from the tax and sanitary services. If the livestock exceeds 1000 units, the cost of their maintenance will also increase. It will take hired personnel documenting, advertising costs, packaging, transportation, veterinarian services.
So that the profit does not go negative, and the costs of maintaining the farm are minimal, adhere to the following rules:
- combine different types of commerce (selling eggs, raising young birds, preparing meat);
- do not start by buying a large batch of birds - start several families, gradually expanding the territory of the business;
- look for suppliers before the hens start laying eggs;
- make racks, brooders, cages with your own hands - buy only what you can't do yourself;
- do not skimp on feed: high-quality compound feed is a guarantee of bird health.
Where and to whom to sell grown quails and eggs
Calculations show that the profitability of the business is high - provided that it is possible to establish distribution channels. Selling 10 thousand eggs a month is not difficult and does not require serious marketing investments. If there are more products, you will have to hire a seller in the market or look for a wholesale buyer.
Main distribution channels: market, supermarkets, restaurants. Health establishments that adhere to the principles of dietary nutrition (sanatoriums, rest homes, children's institutions) are interested in the product. But working with large retail outlets and organizations will require documentary evidence of the legitimacy of the business. You will also have to get certificates from the sanitary service.
The wholesale price of a dozen eggs is 30-40 rubles, the retail price is 50-60. There are eggs of rare breeds, their price reaches 60-70 rubles. for 10 pcs. If the entrepreneur manages to prove that his product is fresh and environmentally friendly, the price per package will rise to 100 rubles. As a rule, the goods are sold in the region of the manufacturer, because the costs of transportation and refrigeration equipment reduce profits.
It's important to know! Quail eggs are available to residents of large cities, in small villages the market is not saturated. The culture of consumption of quail meat and eggs is growing, interest in products in Russia is increasing: the market is showing growth.
Sale of meat and quail carcasses
Quail meat and eggs of these birds are still underestimated by our compatriots. In Japan, for example, it is believed that these products have a healing effect on the human body. And this is perfectly true. Quail meat and eggs have valuable taste. They are classified as dietetic foods. At the same time, quail breeding as a business is seen as an opportunity to start your own business using a minimum of investment. The payback and profitability of this business also attracts businessmen who want to link their business with agriculture.
How much money does it take to open a quail farm?
For a start, it is enough to buy 500 heads, which is quite possible to organize at home. Quails reproduce well and after 12 months there will be 10 times more of them. The construction of the farm, taking into account materials and equipment, will cost 10 thousand dollars. This amount also includes the purchase of poultry or eggs. All livestock are usually divided into two parts. One of them is intended only for production, and the second performs the function of replenishing and renewing the herd. One-year-old quails are usually slaughtered for meat. Eggs are collected from birds that are 10 months old. Selling young quails is profitable only as a side business. They can only be bought by farmers who are engaged in this business or start it, and this does not happen very often.
Step-by-step plan for starting a quail breeding business
What kind of premises do you need for a quail farm?
Where the farm itself will be located does not really matter. The main thing is that it is warm, with a constant temperature and humidity (18 degrees and 70%, respectively). It is quite possible to organize this even at home. Proper ventilation of the room plays an important role in the organization of the microclimate. It must be arranged so that fresh air enters the room regularly, and there are no drafts. These birds cannot stand bright light, so no additional lighting is needed. As for the area, 700 birds are located on 15-20 square meters. The rearing of young animals usually takes place in a different room. Enough for this and 5 sq. M. Separately, it will be necessary to equip a dry room for storing feed.
Growing quails for meat or eggs at home takes place in special cages, which are equipped with feeders and drinkers. The floor in the egg cage is always tilted. Due to this, the eggs always roll in one direction, where they gather near a special side. I can't imagine making such cells myself. special labor... You need to buy the simplest components: mesh, wooden boards, metal sheets and plywood. The most convenient are double cages, in the middle of which a drinker is installed.
You need to plan a living space at the rate of 100-120 sq. Cm. area per bird. The height of the cages should not exceed 25 cm, otherwise the quails will tend to take off and injure themselves. For livestock reared for meat, the egg collector does not need to be installed. This significantly saves materials. You can buy a ready-made cage for 11-13 birds, for example, for 1100 rubles, and a large "house" for 88-104 birds - for 8300 rubles.
The cages are set in several "floors" (usually 3-4), and the first one should be at a distance of about one meter from the floor.
What are the best quail breeds for breeding?
When everything is ready for settling quails, you need to decide where to buy good quails suitable for breeding, egg and meat production. The most common breeds that successfully live in mid-latitudes are "Japanese", "marble", "British black and white", "pharaohs". The latter among farmers are considered the most successful for breeding for meat. The weight of an adult female is 235 g, and that of a male is 200 g. For a year, the female is able to lay about 220 eggs, and she begins to do this already at the age of 40-50 days.
Usually, farmers breed two types of breeds at home: one for obtaining eggs, and the other for obtaining meat. The "Japanese" breed is considered to be the most egg-bearing breed. Females can lay about 300 eggs over five months. Then their productivity drops, and the birds are slaughtered for meat. This breed is considered resistant to disease and infection.
You can buy young birds through advertisements in the media and on the Internet. Farmers often take them to the poultry market. It is best to buy two month old chicks.
Bird feeding
The market for feed for quail farming is not yet so widespread in our country. From what domestic manufacturers offer, you can buy the most suitable mixtures, but they are additionally improved with supplements in the form of vitamins and minerals. Quails are useful: fish meal, shell rock, chalk, naturally in moderation. Overdosing can lead to decreased productivity.
Any feed is based on finely ground corn and wheat. A shell must be added to them. The female usually eats 20-30 g of feed per day, and the male - 18 g. It takes about 1 kg of compound feed to feed the chicks up to two months of age. It is better to buy feed for future use. Knowing the feeding rates, it is not difficult to calculate their number.
How much money does it take to start a quail breeding business
To answer the question about the average monthly income that a quail breeding entrepreneur can count on, take economic indicators from a real business plan.
Purchase of an incubator, cells and additional equipment $ 1,500
Purchase of quails (400-600 heads) USD 500
The cost of purchasing feed, vitamins, lighting, etc. (gross expenses) $ 200 / month.
Monthly revenue ( gross income) $ 500
How much can you earn on breeding quail
Profit before tax will be $ 300 / month, and after payment of mandatory payments - $ 250-280 (the exact amount depends on the tax system). Please note that the cost of keeping one quail is inversely proportional to the number of birds on your farm. For example, if to keep 500 heads you need $ 200 / month ($ 0.4 per bird), then for 1000 head you need $ 200 / month. - $ 370 / month ($ 0.37 per quail).
An additional source of increasing the profitability of your business is the processing of poultry manure into finished fertilizers. These products are in great demand in agriculture, so you will not have any problems with the implementation. On average, every 500 quail will bring you an additional $ 150-200 in net profit each year.
Do I need permission to start a quail breeding business
Many farmers, engaged in raising quails, do not register their activities with the Federal Tax Service and do not pay taxes. However, they do not violate the legislation of the Russian Federation. The sale of surplus agricultural products grown on personal household plots is not entrepreneurial activity, which means that it is not subject to taxes. But this method has significant drawbacks. You won't be able to organize serious business, and the channels for selling eggs and carcasses are limited to the food market, friends, acquaintances and neighbors.
Your farm will definitely be checked by representatives of the fire services and Rospotrebnadzor. They must issue permits stating that you comply with health and safety standards and fire safety regulations.
What documents are needed to open a quail breeding business
Considering the above information, we can conclude that in order to grow quails on a large scale, it is necessary to draw up IP documents. To do this, you must:
Pay the state fee.
Make photocopies of TIN and passport.
Write two statements (on registration and the choice of taxation regime).
Bring a package of documents to the Federal Tax Service.
But the most important documents for this business are veterinary certificates and quality certificates (without them, no one will cooperate with you). In order to obtain this paper, your products must be tested in special laboratories.
What is the OKVED for business
In three days you will be given everything required papers... When preparing the above documents, do not forget to indicate the code of your activity. For growing quails - this is OKVED 01.49.9.
How to make quail breeding a profitable business
Quail breeding as a business will be successful if you establish a stable sales of products... Experts say that by setting it up at home, you can achieve a profitability of 70%. You can start offering your products through friends and neighbors. In small towns and villages, this is a common way of marketing. When the quail business turns around and gets on its feet, you can go out with large parties to the city market.
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