Who has the right to develop project documentation. Development of project documentation for construction

The first stage in the construction of any construction object is the development of a project. This document will allow you to obtain various permits from the relevant authorities, you can use it to calculate estimates, control and conduct the construction process. The main purpose of project documentation is to guide the execution of construction. That is why the composition of project documentation is clearly regulated, and the procedure for approval and approval is determined by federal regulations.

The concept of design documentation

To understand what design and estimate documentation is, you need to imagine a set of graphic and text materials that contain a whole list of architectural, urban planning, constructive, technological and engineering solutions. All these solutions and materials are used to implement a particular construction project.

Depending on the complexity of the object (it can be capital or non-capital), the difficulty of the task assigned to the design bureau, project documentation may have a different structure and list of sections. It depends on which sections the working documentation includes, which specialists will participate in the development of materials. The composition of sections of project documentation may also differ.

Purpose and role in construction

To begin with, let's figure out why design and estimate documentation is needed in construction. The main purpose of these materials is to manage the construction process during the implementation of the construction object. In addition, the execution of design estimates is a mandatory requirement of the law. The development of project documentation is necessary for the acceptance of the property for operation. Also, various types of project documentation may be needed when redevelopment of buildings and reconstruction.

Thus, we can say that project documentation (GOST number R 21.1101) is needed for the following purposes:

in accordance with legal requirements (in this case, the coordination of project documentation is mandatory);
as a source of information for the implementation of work on the construction of a building or structure;
to determine the cost of erecting a particular building.

In fact, design documentation for construction is a set of sources and materials that reflect the concept of the construction object being built for the developer and customer. At the same time, according to the project, it is much easier to ensure an uninterrupted construction process and the supply of various construction structures.

Important: the completed project must comply with certain construction, planning, urban planning and design standards, therefore, only qualified specialists. Also, the basic requirements for design and working documentation must be strictly observed.

Organizations involved in the development of the project

The production of design documentation (GOST number R 21.1101) can only be entrusted to an organization that has a license to carry out such work, that is, to design buildings and structures of a certain category. You can find a sample of such a project on the net, but only an abbreviated example, including only the main sections, since the full project contains a lot of information and sheets. Externally, when assembled, the project resembles a whole book or a large album.

Project documentation for the construction of an object can be created by the following persons:

By the builder. For example, if you yourself are planning to build a small house.
An engineering firm licensed to carry out the project.
If the composition of sections of the project documentation is small, then for implementation you can hire individual, for example, for this you can contact a highly qualified engineer with experience.

Important: if the complexity of the object under construction is such that approval of the design documentation is required, then it is better to contact a licensed organization for its development.

When contacting a design organization, you can be sure that all requirements for working documentation will be observed. Moreover, as a rule, the person responsible for the development of the project performs architectural supervision during the construction process, that is, monitors the compliance of the work performed and design developments. The designer is also responsible for the quality of the documentation and compliance with the execution rule.

At the same time, the project development process may be accompanied by the delegation of some responsibilities to other competent persons. For example, a design organization can only do the architectural and construction part of the project, and to complete the estimate documentation, it can turn to other specialists.

To order the development of a project, the customer must provide the contractor (designer) with a number of related documents:

A town-planning plan or a planning project for a land plot on which construction is supposed to be carried out.
Technical conclusions on the conducted engineering surveys. If there are none, then a task for their implementation will be required.
If for the operation of a construction site it is necessary to connect to engineering networks, then technical conditions for connection obtained from the relevant authorities will be required.

Requirements for the project and its structure

The composition of design and estimate documentation and the requirements for these documents are regulated by the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. It also stipulates that the requirements, composition and procedure for coordinating the project are established by the government of our country.

The composition of the sections of the project documentation is determined by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87, which was adopted on February 16, 2008. It says that the development of the project must be carried out during the construction of the following types of construction objects:

for capital construction objects for industrial purposes;
for buildings and structures for non-industrial purposes;
for linear objects.

For successful coordination of project documentation, the composition must clearly comply with legally established standards.

Project composition

As the Government of the Russian Federation decided, a properly drawn up project should include twelve sections. It also separately stipulates the composition of sections of the project documentation. So, the project should have:

Explanatory note.
General plan. This section includes urban planning solutions and a layout plan for a land plot with the location and reference of the projected object and the obligatory indication of the surrounding buildings.
A section containing the entire list of architectural solutions (planning, facades, sections).
Space-planning decisions regarding future construction and constructive solutions.
Technological solutions with an explanatory note.
Information about engineering infrastructure, technical measures, supply networks.
The project of the organization of construction production.
If during construction it is supposed to carry out the demolition of capital construction objects, then this should be reflected in detail in a separate section.
Section related to environmental protection measures.
A separate section is also being made to describe the measures that are being taken to facilitate access to the building for people with limited mobility.
A whole section is also devoted to measures aimed at improving the energy efficiency of a construction site.
Estimated calculation.
A package of used documents and literature.

It is worth adding that some sections contain certain subsections. For example, the section on engineering infrastructure contains subsections on power supply networks, water supply and sewerage, heating and ventilation, gas supply, air conditioning and communications.

If the project should contain other sections that are not included in the list of mandatory sections approved by law, then the list of these items is stipulated in the contract between the customer and the project executor.

Important: if the project is implemented through the use of budgetary funds, then the project should include all legally approved sections and subsections. Such construction projects undergo the strictest coordination of project documentation.

Project Structure

Any project should include graphic and textual materials that will provide complete information about the facility under construction. In particular, text materials should contain:

complete information about the construction site;
describe various architectural, construction and technical solutions;
give explanations and references to normative documents, assortments building materials and other sources that are involved in the development of the project;
all decisions that were made in the project must be justified by calculations.

As for graphic materials, all the decisions made should be clearly displayed in them. For this you can use:

various graphic schemes;
blueprints;
tables;
photo fixation;
visual demonstrations of the construction object (three-dimensional image, facades or layout).

Design preparation of construction. A schematic diagram of the pre-project and design preparation of construction on the example of a housing and civil facility is shown in fig. 5.8.

Rice. 5.8. Schematic diagram of pre-project and design preparation of construction for housing and civil purposes

The development of design documentation is carried out on the basis of a design assignment in accordance with the initial permit documentation and in compliance with the requirements of regulatory documentation.

The stage design of an object is established by the customer together with the general designer in the design task. There are recommendations regarding the definition of design stages. So, for Moscow, five categories of object complexity have been established, depending on which the following recommendations are given regarding the design stages:

1) project, working documentation for objects of V, IV categories of complexity and for objects of III category of complexity for individual projects;

2) working draft (approved part and working documentation) for objects III-I categories complexity, as well as for objects built according to standard and reusable projects.

By the decision of the local authority for urban planning and architecture, the object can be classified as unique with the establishment special order design. As a rule, this takes place in the following cases:

The location of the object on a territory that is especially significant in terms of urban planning;

special social significance object;

Special technical complexity.

When considering the development of project documentation, one should distinguish between:

1) a project for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures for industrial purposes;

2) a project for the construction of housing and civil facilities.

The composition of the project documentation. The project for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures for industrial purposes consists of the following sections:

General plan and transport;

Technological solutions;

Management of production, enterprise and organization of conditions and labor protection for workers and employees;

Engineering equipment, networks and systems;

Organization of construction;

environmental protection;

Engineering measures civil defense, as well as measures to prevent emergency situations; - budget documentation;

Investment efficiency.

The project for the construction of residential and civil facilities consists of the following sections:

General explanatory note;

Architectural and construction solutions;

Technological solutions;

Solutions for engineering equipment;

environmental protection;

Engineering and technical measures of civil defense, as well as measures to prevent emergency situations; - organization of construction (if necessary);

Estimated documentation;

Investment efficiency (if necessary).

The working draft is developed in a reduced volume and composition, determined depending on the type of construction and the functional purpose of the facility in relation to the composition and content of the project. The working draft includes working documentation.

Development of special sections of the project. For their development, as a rule, specialized organizations with the appropriate licenses.

The most frequently developed special sections of the project include:

environmental protection;

Engineering and technical measures of civil defense;

Engineering and technical measures to prevent emergency situations;

Fire extinguishing, fire alarm, security and fire alarm and smoke protection; notification of people about a fire and evacuation of people in case of fire;

Organization and working conditions of employees, production and enterprise management;

Engineering protection of territories, buildings and structures from hazardous natural and technological processes;

Protection of building structures against corrosion;

Construction organization projects (POS) and work execution projects (PPR);

Estimated documentation;

Investment efficiency;

Measures to ensure the living conditions of the disabled and people with limited mobility;

Architectural lighting;

Acoustic protection of buildings and structures from operational noise and vibration;

Project management.

Coordination of project documentation. Coordination of project documentation is carried out by the customer. If necessary, in accordance with the design contract, a general designer may be involved in this work.

Project documentation for the construction of an enterprise, building and structure, developed in accordance with the current norms, rules and standards, which must be certified by the relevant record of the person responsible for the project (chief engineer, chief architect, project manager), agreed with the authorities state supervision and other interested organizations is not subject - except for cases provided for by law Russian Federation, as well as subjects of the Russian Federation.

Project documentation is subject to mandatory submission for consideration:

To the local authority for urban planning and architecture (to approve the architectural and urban planning solution if it was not available at the previous stage of design preparation);

Local environmental authority;

Body of sanitary and epidemiological supervision in the subject of the Russian Federation.

In special cases, additional coordination of the location of the object (drawing up conclusions) may be carried out. All regions of Russia have their own lists of organizations whose approvals are required in special cases of placement of objects.

State examination. State examination of project documentation is carried out in order to prevent the construction of facilities, the creation and use of which does not meet the requirements of state norms and rules or damages the legally protected rights and interests of citizens, legal entities and the state, as well as in order to monitor compliance with socio-economic and environmental policies .

For facilities, the construction of which is carried out at the expense of own financial resources, borrowed and borrowed funds from investors, project documentation is submitted for examination in the amount necessary to evaluate design solutions in terms of ensuring the safety of life and health of people, the reliability of buildings and structures being built, the compliance of design solutions with the approved urban planning documentation and compliance with the established procedure for agreeing and approving construction projects. At the request of the customer, consideration of design documentation for such facilities can be carried out both in full and in the volume of individual sections, which is determined by the contract for the examination.

The design documentation is submitted to the body of state non-departmental expertise by the customer with the involvement of the general designer to protect design solutions. A set of design documentation is accepted for expert opinion in the amount of the approved part, agreed in the prescribed manner.

Based on the results of the examination, a conclusion is drawn up. The expert body carrying out a comprehensive examination prepares a consolidated expert opinion on the construction project as a whole, taking into account the conclusions of the state examinations that took part in the consideration of the project.

Working documentation. The composition of the working documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures is determined by the relevant state standards SPDS and specified by the customer and the general designer in the agreement (contract) for the design.

State, industry and regional standards, as well as drawings of typical structures, products and assemblies, to which there are references in the working drawings, are not part of the working documentation and can be transferred by the designer to the customer, if it is stipulated in the contract.

In the event of a change in the design, engineering, technological solutions of the project, as well as the approved part of the working draft, the documentation is subject to re-submission to the appropriate body of state non-departmental expertise.

Approval of project documentation. Approval of project documentation is carried out in order to obtain a permit and an order for construction, installation and earthworks. Depending on the sources of funding, approval of project documentation is carried out:

During construction, reconstruction at the expense of city sources - by a legal act of the city administration;

During construction, reconstruction at the expense of own financial resources, borrowed and borrowed funds of the customer - directly by the customer (by appropriate order, order).

Since the approval of project documentation is necessary in order to obtain a construction permit, the interested person (customer), if necessary, also checks the availability and proper execution of the following documents:

Title documents for the land;

Grado building plan land plot;

Project documentation materials;

A positive conclusion of the state examination of project documentation.

After the approval of the project documentation by the customer (before issuing a construction permit), the body authorized to issue the permit checks the project documentation for compliance with the urban development plan of the land plot. In addition, the specified body checks the availability of documents attached to the customer's application for the issuance of a building permit, including:

Title documents for the land;

Town-planning plan of the land plot;

Materials contained in the project documentation;

Positive conclusion of the state expertise of project documentation in relation to the relevant facilities.

On the basis of the duly approved design documentation, the authorized bodies draw up:

Permission to carry out construction and installation works;

Order for the production of preparatory, excavation and construction works.

Registration of a permit for the production of construction and installation works is carried out at the appropriate stages of construction, provided with working documentation.

The body of administrative and technical inspections issues an order for the right to carry out earthworks related to the movement of soil outside the construction site, subject to the obligatory submission by the customer of a duly approved document confirming the right to temporarily or permanently store the soil at the destination.

Transfer of projects to customers. Storage of documentation. How

as a rule, the contract between the customer and the general designer provides for the transfer of finished project documentation to the customer. The customer accepts it by signing the invoice. The act of acceptance and transfer of design estimates is signed by the customer, provided that there are no comments on the results of work performed in accordance with the contract.

The act of acceptance and transfer of project documentation, as a rule, is signed by the customer, provided:

Coordination of project documentation by competent (authorized) state bodies;

The presence of a positive conclusion of the state examination;

Lack of comments from the customer on the results of the work performed.

Storage of documentation is carried out at the customer, in design organizations and the Federal Archival Agency, which is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture and mass communications RF.

The rules for accounting and storage in design organizations of original project documentation (hereinafter referred to as the original document) for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures of all industries and the national economy are determined by GOST.

The terms of storage of original documents in design organizations are established by ministries and departments in the lists of documents agreed with the Federal Archival Agency.

Original documents are selected for state storage or destruction as having no scientific value and having lost their practical value in accordance with the instructions of the Federal Archival Agency.

The original documents are subject to accounting and storage in the organization that developed them. The original documents that have become unusable or lost can be restored by decision of the head (or his deputy) of the organization - the holder of the originals.

Project manager functions. At all stages of the development of project documentation, the leading role belongs to the project manager (in domestic terminology - the chief engineer of the project, the chief architect of the project).

During the design process, the project manager performs the following functions:

Monitoring compliance of the volume and terms of the work performed with the necessary minimum stipulated by the contract;

Selection and involvement of leading specialists in engineering disciplines to the project, coordination of their activities;

Determination of rational terms for the start of work in order to avoid their premature implementation;

Adjustment of the number of employed workers;

Control over changes to the project;

Control over factors, conditions and documents that can increase the cost of work;

Checking compliance with the sequence and priorities selected in the process of planning work;

Ensuring the preferred choice of standard materials and equipment in the maximum possible number of situations, as well as ensuring the minimum range of products used;

Preparation and implementation of the agreement with the licensor;

Preparation and monitoring of compliance with the plan design work linked to general plan project;

Development of a design task together with the customer.

Depending on the scale and complexity of the project, the functions of the manager at the design stage can be assigned to the manager of the entire project, or to a specially appointed project manager working in a team under the leadership of the general manager.

Automation of design work. Complex model technological process design is a system of technologically sound information links between the specified specialists, which ensures the production of calculation and graphic information in the form of a standard set of drawings, tables and texts based on and in accordance with the current regulatory documents for construction.

The use of informatization tools makes it possible to obtain a fundamentally new environment - a computer-aided design system (CAD). The enlarged structure of CAD in construction is shown in fig. 5.9.

Rice. 5.9. An approximate diagram of the structure of a computer-aided design system (CAD)

The basis of the technological line of computer-aided design (TLAP) in the CAD environment is graphic databases that cover all parts of the project. Working with bases is carried out in a dialog mode using branched graphic menus, from which the necessary image elements are visually selected.

Drawing elements general purpose(frame with a stamp of any format, various arrows, marks, axes, tables, etc.); - architectural elements (construction of any grid of columns and axes, walls, partitions, windows, doors, marks, stairs, etc.); - architectural nodes (drawing individual mates close-up);

Plumbing equipment (elements of drawings for heating, ventilation, plumbing, sewerage, etc.);

Electrical equipment (elements of drawings of electric lighting, power electrical equipment, etc.).

Based on the integrated use of system tools that allow you to perform all the functions of preparing, storing, searching, processing, displaying, formatting and analyzing information in an automated mode, designers in the TLAP environment have the opportunity to combine development time and coordinate design solutions. At the same time, linkage is provided in all parts in all respects without issuing intermediate drawings with their repeated exchange. Data stored in graphics databases are reusable items.

In the foreign, and now the domestic market of specialized software tools Currently, there are a sufficient number of packages focused on design in construction. They have standard graphic blocks already laid down by developers, the possibility of pairing various standard elements, and the formation of specifications. A significant drawback of these systems (in principle quite powerful and convenient) is that all of them, as a rule, are developed by foreign companies and are oriented accordingly to foreign standards.

In practice, when designing, drawing packages such as AutoCAD are used, which are a universal electronic drawing board. The development of a bank of typical graphic elements in this case is entirely the responsibility of the user.

The specified operating time can go in two ways. The first and simplest way is direct drawing (accumulation of building blocks of information) by qualified user-designers. The second way is more complicated, but also more effective - writing within the existing system tools programs for the formation of graphic images, the corresponding calculation modules and information retrieval systems. The developed interface blocks allow you to create a complex software directly targeted at the domestic consumer. To solve such problems, professional programmers are needed.

However, to date, packages that fully satisfy designers, containing all the necessary catalog information for various types There are no building parts and structures produced in our country. In practice, with rare exceptions, separate developments are used, adapted to the needs of a particular organization, which are not of a universal nature.

A project that involves the capital construction or reconstruction of buildings and structures during its implementation must be properly documented. At the same time, the question often arises of what design and working documentation are, and how they differ from each other. Some experts argue that these concepts are one and the same. Let's try to figure it out further, is this so.

What are the functions of design and working documentation in accordance with the regulatory framework

A project can be called a set of materials and documents prepared as a result of the design. In turn, designing is a certain sequence of actions, a process, as a result of which a prototype or prototype of the required object is created. Accordingly, for this, special calculations (of an economic and technical nature) are made, estimates, calculations, explanatory notes, drawings, diagrams are developed.

Projects are individual or standard. Often in the course of preparing a separate project for individual use, the author uses standard solutions used in various buildings. Based on the specifics of the tasks set by the customer, all developed design solutions can be divided into the following types:

New construction;
modernization, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, expansion of already built facilities;
overhaul, restoration, strengthening of buildings.

Prior to the entry into force of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87, a certain staging was provided for by law in the development of the project. First, a "feasibility study" (feasibility study) was prepared, then a "project" and only after that a "working draft". Now other concepts are used: "working documentation" and "project documentation".

In specialized forums, lively discussions are often held on the issue: working documentation and project documentation, the difference between them. Opinions are very diverse, but in order to understand the essence, it is worth referring to the norms of the law.

Based on Article 48 of the Town Planning Code of Russia, under project documentation refers to a certain set of documents containing a number of materials in the form of text, diagrams and maps. Such materials indicate the defining design, architectural, engineering and technological solutions, using which it is planned to carry out work on the reconstruction or construction of a structure or parts thereof. The same applies to the overhaul of buildings in the case when it comes to work in which structural elements are affected and the safety and reliability characteristics of the object can be changed.

Design documents for certain types of work that may affect the safety of the structure are only entitled to be carried out by legal entities or individual entrepreneurs having the appropriate approval, confirmed by the certificate. The list of works that have an impact on the safety of capital facilities is listed in the regulatory document - Order of the Ministry of Regional Development dated December 12, 2009 No. 624. In general, any individual or entity most often on a contractual basis. In this case, the contractor is responsible for compliance with its technical regulations.

The design documentation includes 13 approved sections:

explanatory note;
layout of the allotted land plot;
architectural solutions;
space-planning and constructive solutions;
data on engineering networks (water and electricity supply, sanitation, air conditioning and ventilation, heating and heat networks, gas supply, communications);
organization of construction (project);
dismantling of capital facilities (project);
environmental protection measures;
fire safety measures;
accessibility for the disabled;
energy efficiency and equipment with energy metering devices;
budget materials;
other required materials.

Based on Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87, this is a package of documents being developed in order to be able to implement technical, architectural or technological solutions directly in the construction process. Its content and composition is determined by the developer, based on the level of detail constituent parts design documentation, and is indicated in the design assignment.

The legislator did not indicate a clear sequence in the preparation of these two packages of documents. Therefore, they can be drawn up at the same time, or the working documentation can be prepared after the design documentation has been agreed. If all papers are developed simultaneously, then both packages can be submitted for state expertise, as agreed between the expert organization and the customer.

According to the recommendations of the Ministry of Regional Development, the base design price, which is calculated using a reference book containing base prices for work, can be broken down as follows:

project documentation - about 40%;
working - up to 60%.

At the same time, this ratio is not rigidly fixed and can change in any direction depending on the completeness of the development of papers, the specifics of the facility being built. The main thing is the agreement between the designer and the customer.

What is the difference between packages

If you explain the differences between sets of documents in simple terms, without complicated terminology, we can come to the following conclusions:

The basis of any investment project is precisely project documentation, which may include a graphic and text part. It indicates the most important technical solutions that prove both the technical feasibility and economic feasibility of implementing a specific investment project. It is this package of documents that is submitted by the developer for state expertise and approved after its positive conclusion. The only exception is the construction of individual residential buildings. It should be noted that it is impossible to erect a structure solely according to design documents, since they are relatively general character, do not contain all the necessary parts and specifications.
In order to Building company could do her job with high quality, she will need a more detailed task: what exactly, how and from what materials to build. This data is contained in working documentation, which details all the decisions of designers and consists of a text description of the work and numerous diagrams, drawings, graphs, specifications of all components and finished products. The volume of information should be sufficient to carry out construction and installation work, to provide the construction site with the required amount of raw materials, equipment, materials and finished products, workers and engineering personnel.

The question naturally arises: if all these actions constitute the project stage, then why was it divided into two parts. The answer may be that in this way the legislator wanted to speed up the starting phase of the investment cycle. To obtain a permit for construction work, it is quite enough to have high-quality project documentation, which can be expertly studied without going into unnecessary details. After carrying out the state examination and correcting all the comments, you can work out the working moments.

During the construction control measures, the compliance of the work performed with the requirements of both the design documentation and the working documentation prepared on its basis is checked. In addition, compliance with the urban plan, engineering surveys and technical regulations is being studied. The developer and the contractor are equally responsible for compliance with the process capital construction norms of legislation, design and working documents.

Since there is no clear sequence for the manufacture of these two packages of documents, the following types of staging of the design can be distinguished:

Single stage. Both packages are being developed in parallel, this is what used to be called a "working draft", i.e. approved part with working applications.
two-stage. There is a sequential preparation of packages. Approximately corresponds to the previously existing concepts of "feasibility study" and "working documentation".
Three-stage. Relevant only for objects III (individual projects), IV and V categories of complexity. In addition to the above phases, it also includes a pre-project proposal (FEED).

There is only one requirement - the development of working documentation cannot precede the design one.

Discussion of the issue among specialists

Studying specialized forums on the Internet, you can pay attention to how different specialists understand and relate to the project stage in different ways. The division into two parts and the requirements for these parts are not adequately perceived by everyone.

Here, for example, is one of the comments in the discussion of the topic: “Of course, I know about Resolution 87. But, in order not to complicate life, it is better to fully prepare the working documentation and put a PD stamp on it. And after the examination, just change the stamps from PD to RD ".

This approach will create difficulties for the experts, since the submitted papers will contain too many details that will only complicate and slow down the examination process, as well as distract specialists from really important things that may affect the safety of the facility under construction. For example, it is important for an electrical expert to know the correspondence between consumed and incoming power, the availability of redundancy and protection systems, the parameters of shields and power cables. And information about where the sockets will be installed and what circuits will be connected to them is completely redundant at this stage.

Some developers believe that the project is being prepared solely for examination, and they convince the planners of this. In fact, all these papers are needed first of all by the customer himself, who can subsequently do with them whatever he wants. And if a "paper for experts" is made, then this can subsequently cost the developer serious money to finalize it for practical application. The schematic diagram of the building and its descriptive part must be carefully worked out, and, already relying on the schematic diagram, specific details can be worked out.

So, in the design part, you can indicate "fencing according to GOST standards" and schematically indicate its location, and in the working part, decipher in detail what material it will be built from, using what fasteners, what constituent elements it will have. In the same way, having schematically shown the location of the partition walls in the project, their features are described in the working part: the presence and quantity of reinforcement used, the specification of the material used, the location of door or window openings.

However, if in the process of detailing the working documents there are noticeable disagreements with the already approved project documentation, then reasonable changes should be made to it and the examination should be re-entered regarding the modified part. However, this issue is very painful for many design participants, because it is not easy to understand when changes reach a level that requires re-examination. This is submitted to the customer for consideration, but he will also bear the full measure of responsibility (criminal or administrative) if a violation is detected by the state construction supervision or, if the decision is wrong, there will be serious consequences that threaten the health and life of people.

As a rule, they pay attention not to changes in engineering systems, but in the capital object itself, especially in load-bearing structures.

If, instead of general design plans, the experts were slipped detailed working schemes, replacing the stamp "P" with "P", then subsequently any alteration in the drawings or explanations will entail a re-examination and greatly slow down the whole process. Ideally, the most basic and fundamental indicators noted in expert opinion, as well as documents of the level "P" and "P" must converge. It is also stipulated that contingencies (unrecorded costs) should not be more than 2% of the official estimated cost of the structure. True, this does not apply to construction carried out at public expense.

Therefore, it is important to treat both phases of design work with full responsibility so as not to waste precious time and money on improvements and clarifications.

The implementation of construction projects requires the development of special documentation, in accordance with which the work of specialists should be carried out. Its structure, as well as the procedure for approval, are determined by law - at the level of federal regulations. Main element of the corresponding set of sources - project documentation. In some cases, it can be supplemented by working, as well as technical conditions. What are the features of the development of project documentation in construction? What are the main sources of law governing its application?

What is project documentation?

Under the project documentation (or design estimates) it is customary to understand a set of sources, which may include both textual and graphic materials, designed to determine the lists of architectural, technological, constructive, and engineering solutions used in the framework of the construction project.

Depending on the complexity of the tasks facing the firm, the structure of the relevant documentation may vary. It depends on its composition, which specific specialists will be involved in the development of these sources.

The role of design documentation in construction

Other documents, the inclusion of which in the design and estimate documentation is required by law.

It can be noted that the section that reflects information about the engineering infrastructure includes several subsections, namely, sources that disclose data on water supply, sanitation, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, gas supply, communications.

Also, in the structure of the section under consideration, there should be a subsection that provides information about technological solutions. It should be noted that in accordance with the Urban Planning Code, correctly drawn up project documentation includes sections presented in a slightly different structure. In particular, it involves the inclusion in the sources under consideration of a section reflecting information about collateral required level safe operation of construction sites, which, in turn, is not provided for by Decree No. 87.

If the project documentation requires the inclusion of other sections that are not defined as its mandatory elements in the legislation, then their list is fixed in agreements between the developer of the relevant sources and the customer. It can be noted that some of those sections of the documentation that are defined by law must be included in it only if the construction project is implemented at the expense of budget organizations. Their specific list is given in Decree No. 87.

Can project documentation be drawn up for individual stages of construction work? Documentation, the project described in it, indeed, can be considered in the context of specific periods of the construction plan. In this case, the need to develop a separate group of sources for each stage is fixed in the task for creating the project. Wherein this procedure subject to substantiation by special calculations, which confirm the possibility practical implementation certain design solutions in the framework of the implementation of the construction project in stages.

In addition, the documentation used in specific periods of construction is developed to the extent prescribed. Its structure in terms of the main elements, as well as the presence of sections, must comply with the requirements established in Decree No. 87.

Purpose of working documentation

So, we have considered what a well-prepared project documentation includes, as well as its main features. However, in practice, this set of sources, in order to regulate construction work, as a rule, is also supplemented by another type of documentation - working documentation. It will be useful to study its features.

It can be noted that Regulation No. 87 does not unequivocally regulate the order in which the working component of the sources for the project implementation should be developed. The relevant legal act establishes that, like the project documentation, it includes both text and graphic documents. For example, drawings, various specifications.

In principle, design and working documentation can be created simultaneously. The composition and structure of the latter are generally determined by the customer or the developer, depending on the detailing of certain solutions given in the project documentation. The corresponding parameters can be fixed in the task sent to the developer of the considered sources.

The main elements of working documentation are drawings, specifications and other supplementary documents. Based on them, the implementation of those decisions that are provided for by the project is carried out.

Specifications as part of construction documentation

The next most important type of source that can complement project documentation is specifications. It will be useful to consider their specifics. To a certain extent, the application of technical conditions is also regulated by Decree No. 87. Thus, in the relevant legal act it is indicated that they are developed and approved if:

The implementation of design documentation requires a larger list of requirements that reflect the reliability and safety of structures, relative to the list established by regulatory enactments;

The relevant requirements are not defined in the regulations.

Specifications must be developed in the manner prescribed by law. In practice, it is determined by the competent department - the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Public Utilities of the Russian Federation in agreement with other federal bodies of the Russian Federation.

Thus, the project documentation includes working documentation in statutory cases, as well as if certain agreements between the customer and the developer of the respective sources. In some cases, it is supplemented by technical conditions, which are also created in the manner determined by the legislator.

The structure of project documentation according to Decree No. 87

In accordance with the provisions of Decree No. 87, the preparation of project documentation involves the inclusion of text and graphic elements in it. The first should reflect:

Information about the construction object;

Descriptions of various solutions, in particular technical ones;

Calculations that justify the decisions made in the development of the project.

The graphic part of the project documentation clearly displays the relevant solutions. For this can be used:

Blueprints;

Graphic schemes;

Other Required documents presented in graphical form.

The preparation of project documentation within the framework of the acquisition of both types of elements, both textual and graphic, must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of the legislation on state secrets by the organization that performs the relevant work. The way in which certain elements of the documentation in question should be drawn up is regulated by the standards established by the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Public Utilities of the Russian Federation.

Documentation review

So, we have considered that the design and estimate documentation includes, in accordance with what rules of law it is drawn up. It will also be useful to study one of critical aspects its application is the state examination of these sources.

The procedure under consideration is carried out in order to create construction objects in accordance with the requirements of the legislation in force in various fields, including those aimed at ensuring the observance of the rights of citizens and organizations in various legal relations. Design and estimate documentation must undergo an examination in accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, as well as federal law No. 337 adopted on November 28, 2011. The corresponding procedure is carried out by the competent state authorities.

However, in preparing for it, a construction company may turn to the services of private structures that can provide support for the examination in question. What is the nature of this service?

Accompanying the state examination of construction documentation

Accompanying the examination of project documentation includes most often:

Conducting a non-state examination in accordance with criteria generally consistent with those that guide the competent departments;

Audit of specific sections of the documentation to identify shortcomings in them, determine the degree of compliance with established legal requirements;

preparation necessary materials for the transfer of documents to government agency who conducts the examination.

Many firms also offer their customers advisory support directly during their interaction with departments that conduct state examination of documentation. Experts recommend contacting companies that are ready to provide both legal, organizational and consulting support for the development of project documentation. In all aspects noted, assistance experienced professionals may be useful for an enterprise implementing a construction project.