Business plans: download a ready-made business plan with calculations. How to write a business plan: step-by-step instructions, tips and recommendations Scheme for drawing up a business plan example

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“Plans are the dreams of knowledgeable people” Ernst von Feuchtersleben (English scientist, philosopher, literary critic).

Business planning goals

Having chosen your business, you need to decide how you will organize it, which means you need to plan for the near future. Everyone needs a business plan:

Those from whom you will try to borrow money for the implementation of your project, that is, bankers and investors.
Your employees who want to understand their tasks and prospects.
And for yourself - to check the reasonableness and realism of your ideas.

Business plan is a document that:

Describes all the main aspects of the future enterprise or project.
Analyzes all the problems it may encounter.
Determines ways to solve identified problems.

A well-written business plan- this is a clear answer to the questions: “is it worth investing in the planned business and will it bring income that will pay for all the costs of effort and money?”

Important! Planning should be carried out by current or future companies, that is, those people who are not afraid to take responsibility for the implementation of the business plan. But this does not mean, of course, that you do not need to use the services of consultants and experts in this field. True, for its compilation consulting firms they charge decent amounts, ranging from anywhere from 2 thousand US dollars to 40 thousand US dollars. But you can compose it yourself, at the same time incurring minimum costs. By getting involved in this work personally, you will not only model your future activities, but also test the strength of yourself and the plan itself.

So, main purpose of a business plan: it helps entrepreneurs solve the following problems:

— Study the capacity and development prospects of the future sales market.

— Assess the costs of producing products needed by the market. Compare them with prices.

— Determine the indicators by which the state of affairs can be regulated.

Keep in mind! A business plan is usually written for the future, and it should be drawn up approximately 3-5 years in advance. In this case, for the first year, the main indicators should be divided into monthly breakdowns, for the second - quarterly, and only starting from the third year, you should limit yourself to annual indicators. Although, if we take into account our economy and its variability, then planning for a period of more than a year is not entirely effective. Therefore, many now limit themselves to writing a plan for the year.

Business plan structure

The business plan has a complex structure. The entire life of the company from the moment of creation to the moment of stability and sustainability must be spelled out business language, while being intelligible and lively. A business plan should be understandable to any entrepreneur, financier and banker, as well as potential partners. A confidentiality memorandum is drawn up to warn persons reviewing the business plan about the confidentiality of the information contained in it. The memorandum may contain a ban on copying, transfer of the project to third parties and a requirement to return the project to the author.

A business plan should always be short and succinct. True, sometimes, in order to reveal the essence of the problem, it is made quite deep in content. Recommended volume: 30 – 70 pages, no more. And all Additional materials It is advisable to include it in appendices to the business plan.

Remember! It is important to provide measured information.

Here are the main points you will need to consider:

annotation(up to 1 page) – written request for senior management.
Summary(1-3 pages) – basic information to familiarize yourself with the business plan.
Business plan(45-60) - for a detailed study of the project by investor specialists and experts.

Remember! Any business has its own characteristics, therefore, there cannot be a “standard” plan that is acceptable in all cases. There is, so to speak, only general principle, structure of drawing up a business plan.

Summary

Your business should always begin with conclusions, you will write them very last, but they should be the very first points of your business plan. A resume is the result of an already written business plan. This is the only part that most potential investors read.

The purpose of the business plan.
The need for finance, for what purposes it is needed.
Brief description of the business and its target customer.
Main differences from competitors.
Key financial indicators.

Business plan:

1. Goals and objectives

Here you will need to provide an analysis of the idea (SWOT analysis). Uncover strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and threats.

Analysis of the idea.
The purpose of the activity (what you want to achieve).
Characteristics of the industry.

2. Product (service)

It is important that this part is written in clear, concise language that can be understood by a non-specialist.

Description of the product or service and its application.
Uniqueness
Technologies and qualifications required for business.
License/Patent Rights.

3. Market analysis

Market and marketing are a deciding factor for all companies. You need to first collect and process a large amount of “rough” information.

Buyers.
Competitors (their strengths and weaknesses).
Market segments.
Market size and growth.
Estimated market share.
Composition of your clientele.
The influence of competition.

4. Marketing plan

At this stage, the main task is to gain the trust and favor of a potential investor. If you do not have special education, you should read books on marketing and consult a specialist.

Marketing alignment (main characteristics of products, services in comparison with competitors).
Pricing (how to set the correct price for a product).
Product distribution scheme.
Sales promotion methods.

5. Production plan

Here you should consider all issues related to the premises you occupy, their location, equipment, and personnel.

Location of premises.
Equipment.
Sources of supply of basic materials and equipment.
Use of subcontractors.

6. Management personnel

Investments are made in specific people, and not in a business plan, which is why this section is one of the most important.

Key management team.
Personnel composition.
Reward.

7. Sources and volume of required resources

In this section you should present your thoughts regarding:

Amount of funds required.
Sources of their receipt, form, timing.
Refund deadlines.

8. Financial plan and risk analysis

Business people are divided into those who love working with numbers and those who are afraid of them. For those who belong to the first category, this section of the business plan is undoubtedly the most important.

Sales volume, profit, cost, etc.
Risks and how they can be avoided.

9. Detailed financial plan

You need to include a detailed financial plan in your business plan:

Sales volume forecast.
Profit and loss estimates.
Cash flow analysis (monthly for the first year, then quarterly).
Annual balance sheet.

And finally, I would like to give a few useful tips for drawing up a business plan:

First, read a few other business plans.
A business plan should reflect your personality.
Preparing a business plan is a job that requires the use of imagination.
Gain experience and skills in your chosen direction.
Write only on days when you are full of energy, not when you are mentally and physically exhausted.

Wish you luck!

For a business to flourish, planning is necessary, and for its dynamic development, it is necessary to develop a business plan. In addition, a competently drawn up plan will help you find an investor or lender to develop your business.

Describe your business idea, present it as necessary for this moment
Give detailed description future enterprise, what exactly your business will represent
Describe the future manufactured products, provision of services to the public or manufacturing process
Lead sales market analytics, yours competitive features: low cost, unusual packaging
Compose detailed plan production, outline implementation steps your project
Give a description product sales how are you going to organize your sales channels and methods?
Compose financial plan. It includes the costs of organizing a business and approximate income from its implementation.
Conduct a full analysis of your business project, which will present expert opinions about your project
Do development schedules, fill out sales tables, supply diagrams and purchases of manufactured products or provision of services

These are the main stages of drawing up a business plan that will help you get investment for your project.

How to draw up the right business production plan

In many ways, the production process cannot be solved without organizing the planning of the entire production, and it is best to consolidate this in a business plan. In him:

The purpose of writing a business plan is to determine the feasibility of investing in production, whether it will be profitable, and how long it will take for it to start making a profit. First of all, you need to calculate the profitability of the future enterprise, in this way you can avoid problems in the future, and give yourself an answer to the question: is it possible to overcome them yourself.

What needs to be included when writing a business plan?

The first and second parts of the plan consist of a summary and description of the main business idea.

This should remind Commercial offer about investing in your project, sent to prospective partners or investors.

It should display:

Goal of your project: what do you intend to release, or what services to provide?
Who is your product intended for? Definition sales audience
Outline volumes of expected trade turnover in the first year of existence
Calculate approximate amount of expenses to open and establish a production process at your enterprise
Define legal form : open, closed or Joint-Stock Company you decide to organize
Which the number of employees you are going to involve in your production
Define everything sources of financing your project

After carrying out all the necessary calculations, the businessman will be able to form an opinion as to whether it is worth organizing this business, because the risk and ways to overcome it are clarified so that the enterprise does not fail.

The simplest example of how to draw up a business plan, for example for an LLC that is planning to set up the production of sweet baked goods, can be represented by the following diagram:

Designate the goal: Baking confectionery products, mainly cakes, for the urban population. Become a leader in your market segment

Outline the tasks:

Organize the work of a compact confectionery shop
Arrange the supply of necessary raw materials and hire employees
First try to occupy a third of the market by developing a marketing strategy for doing business, which will gradually squeeze out competitors low prices and new recipe

Find missing ones cash by taking out a loan secured by existing real estate.

A good example of a business plan for a small enterprise

For example, you are going to open a tailoring shop.

At the beginning need to find out the future this business in the existing market conditions.

We are writing a resume about where you are going to open a small production workshop.
Describe the form of ownership, for example LLC. The planned payback period of the project is 40 months
Describe general provisions enterprises:

purchase of equipment,
textiles,
finishing items and fittings.

If your own money not enough to complete the project, you write about raising borrowed funds.
Then describe who your services will be provided for:

For individuals, according to individual standards,
and for legal entities who need workwear.

You can include services for sewing curtains and bed linen for further sale.

Conduct market analytics and draw up a marketing plan. The plan should develop the necessary measures that will bring your workshop to the forefront
Analyze the costs of the enterprise:

payment of salaries to employees,
payment of rent for the premises where your workshop is located.

Based on the analysis, the payback period of the project is calculated.

Draw up a production schedule, gradually increasing production output to 1000 units per day
Analyze the investment market: where and how to find partners for joint business
Make financial calculations:

calculate the amount of fixed costs for purchasing equipment
calculate the sum of variable costs for the purchase of materials for production: threads, accessories, needles. This includes rent for the premises.

Find out the missing amount to fully open the enterprise, describe the conditions for providing credit funds
Describe the form of ownership and taxation of the enterprise
Calculate approximate monthly and annual revenue
Based financial analysis enterprises, find out the result of the work (it must be positive).

An example of drawing up a business plan for an individual entrepreneur

Financial institutions are reluctant to issue loans to individual entrepreneurs, and recent bank failures have led to the need to submit a detailed business plan in order to receive loan funds.

This is one of the most basic documents, and it must be drawn up correctly, displaying the financial component of the business, conducting a market analysis and prospects for the development of the activities of an individual entrepreneur.

How to independently and competently draw up a business plan

Firstly, a competent business plan for individual entrepreneurs should be as detailed as possible, displaying the performed business analytics (various factors should be taken into account, including indicators of the financial component).

Secondly, it should reflect current activities and make a forecast of future development, taking into account interest rates and current exchange rates.

Third, it should contain a display of the state on this moment the entrepreneur's main fund, its market value, and how the funds will move:

purchase necessary equipment, materials,
implementation methods product group or providing services to the public.

Sample business plan for small businesses

To confidently receive loan funds, you can create a simple business plan and give in it Full description planned expenses and income, but the practical value of such a plan will be small for several reasons:

It will not be possible to model all the data, and if they change, you will have to rewrite the document again
It does not reflect the full state of the business: there are no fixed asset records, equipment depreciation is not included
Such planning deprives the entrepreneur of the opportunity to follow previously planned goals.

It is best to draw up a working business plan in in electronic format, using software eg Microsoft Excel. Open the program and enter the table names in the field:

Fixed Assets

The first table should display all the assets of the enterprise that belong to individual entrepreneur and take part in the production of products.

Be sure to enter the form of ownership and value of the assets. Equipment depreciation values for each year should also be entered here.

The main assets include:

own real estate and vehicles,
equipment and professional tools,
computers and equipment necessary for production.

Fixed assets most often act as collateral for bank lending; they reflect the actual situation in the business more clearly than other indicators. Their total cost must be shown taking into account the depreciation process in perspective, for each month, quarter or year.

This indicator is required for the Enterprise Balance sheet table.

Cost of products or services provided to the public

The second table shows the full picture entrepreneurial activity enterprises.

Data is entered every month or quarter.

The data in all tables must be interconnected, because in many ways the cost will directly depend on the purchase prices of the products.

The table includes not only the company’s revenue, but also quantitative indicators the implementation itself.

Sales of products
Enterprise balance sheet

The Balance sheet table displays complete information about the property and intangible assets and liabilities of the enterprise. If the balance sheet is drawn up correctly, then the amounts for the asset will agree with the amount of the liability, and this will mean that the company has a healthy financial situation and there are no unaccounted cost items.

Dividends received and list of required payments
List of employees and their salaries
Basic indicators

Let's give a simple example of a business plan. Please note that this is only one of the possible options, and presented in a very compressed form.

Target: Produce confectionery products, mainly cakes, for city residents. Take a leading position in the upper price segment of this market.

Tasks:
1. Create a compact confectionery shop.
2. Provide the production process with the necessary raw materials and labor, some of which will be hired.
3. Initially occupy 30% of the market segment through the implementation of the developed marketing strategy, which involves squeezing out the main competitors with dumping prices and new recipes for the consumer.
4. Raise the missing investment funds from the bank using available real estate as collateral.

An example of drawing up a business plan for an enterprise

Let's look at an example of a manufacturing business plan. It is planned to open a small tailoring shop. Let's consider how promising this business is in a specific market.

1. Summary. Opening small production from January 1, 2014. Form of ownership – LLC. The planned period is 42 months.

2. General provisions. Purchasing equipment that will allow you to use a variety of fabrics and perform different finishes. It is planned to partially attract borrowed funds for the purchase of equipment and rental of premises. The tailoring service will be provided to the population, as well as legal entities those in need of special clothing, as well as sewing curtains and bedding for subsequent implementation.

3. Market analysis and marketing plan. Currently there are 350 enterprises represented on the market. Through strict adherence to deadlines and quality, it is planned to create a positive image of the company, which will allow it to occupy a niche in the market.

4. Costs. Estimated direct and variable costs, including wages and rental of premises for 3 years will amount to 13.5 million rubles. Of them own funds 50 million rubles. The planned sales volume will be 15 million rubles, which, minus tax deductions, will allow the project to reach payback by the end of the third year.

5. Production schedule. Release of 1000 units of goods.

6. Investments. Attracting partners on the terms of joint business.

Brief example of a business plan

If you are about to open a shoe repair shop, then general view The development of a business plan using an example looks like this:

— Fixed costs (equipment) – 300 thousand rubles.
— Variable costs(threads, glue, rent) - 10 thousand rubles.
— Investment required: 100 thousand rubles in the form of a bank loan at 23% per annum for 10 years with a progressive scale and deferred repayment for 1 year.
— Form of ownership – individual entrepreneur
— Tax deductions 24 thousand rubles.
— Planned revenue is 20 thousand rubles per month.
— Revenue for 1 year – 97 thousand rubles.
— Financial results– 73 thousand rubles.

As a result, the entrepreneur has reasons to invest money in this project. The margin of safety is large enough so that possible deviations from the predicted values do not lead to financial collapse.

Example of a business plan with calculations

Opening small store, selling used children's items, also requires a preliminary assessment. Enterprise business plan example:

The assessment of goods purchased from the population will be based on the cost of 1 kg.
To begin with, you will need to create an assortment of 100 units.
The cost of 1 kg is 400 conventional units. One product weighs on average 1 kg. Thus, the cost of the product will be 100 * 100 = 40,000 USD. Replenishment costs working capital will be 100 units, which equals 10,000 USD. per month
The rent of the premises will be 10,000 USD.
Variable costs, including advertising and unforeseen expenses - 10 USD.

Sales volume in the first 6 months will be 130 products per month;
in subsequent years - 280 products per month.
The average unit price will be 250 USD.
Revenue for 1 year = 130 * 250 * 12 + 280 * 250 * 12 = (10,000 * 12,000 + 40,000 + 10,000 * 12 + 10,000 * 12,000) = 420,195 – 361,240 = 58,955.
The tax will be 25,000 USD.
Financial result – 33,955 USD

At first glance, the business seems attractive, given the low entry costs and quick payback, but after performing a simple calculation, the entrepreneur will come to the conclusion that the profitability is very low and, although the risk is small (the product is used stable demand), without access to scale, doing this business is unprofitable.

View an example of a business plan

Schematically planning, for example, growing vegetables looks like this:

1. Summary. Reflected here summary remaining pages.
2. Marketing part. Who will be the buyer and how will it be possible to conquer the market? Settlement part – 5 tons of carrots for 100,000 USD
3. Costs. Rent of land and equipment – 27,000 USD
Payment for hired labor - 30,000 USD.
4. Revenue— 23 USD
5. Sources of financing. Bank loan for 50,000 USD at 18% per annum for 10 years.
6. Financial result— 9 USD

This activity, if the pessimistic scenario is fulfilled, will not generate income at all in the first year. In addition, the entrepreneur will be able to work fully and invest in development only after repaying the entire loan amount.

Download ready-made examples of business plans

On this resource You can download examples of business plans for free. Downloading the file makes it possible to get acquainted with more detailed calculation options, which will allow you not only to understand the essence, but also to make, by analogy, your own calculation to justify the feasibility of investing funds.

If you have no experience at all, it is not at all necessary to order development from a specialized company. It is enough to get acquainted with an example of planning for a similar activity, where you can study in detail the features of market analysis and calculation of production costs for a particular business.

To download, click on the link:

Be sure to watch the video: “What is a business plan?”

A business plan is what helps an entrepreneur navigate market environment and see goals. Many successful people note that the idea must be written down on paper, otherwise it will never be realized. Therefore, a business plan is necessary for running a successful business. How to write a business plan yourself: sample and step-by-step instruction contained in our new publication!

A business plan is a program according to which a company operates. It is necessary in order to competently coordinate the actions of the organization and see the directions of its development.

A business plan can be called a kind of rehearsal. The entrepreneur plays out various scenarios during which he can see problems and find ways to solve them. In this case, the person does not lose money, as would happen in a real situation.

Business plan objectives

Formulate the goals of the organization (both short-term and long-term)
Set project deadlines
Define target audience and product markets
Analyze the competitiveness of the organization
Determine the company's advantages
Assess the level of costs
Develop an action plan aimed at increasing economic efficiency organizations
Predict the amount of profit and the level of profitability of the business.

General scheme development of a business plan and feasibility study.

What's included in a business plan?

1. Title page and content

Here the company's imprint and contact details of the founders, as well as the contents of the document, should be indicated.

2. Summary (introduction)

This part is a summary of the entire business plan. The most important thing should be here, i.e. justification of the relevance of the business and the financial part.

The resume should not be approximately two pages long. Although it is located at the very beginning, its compilation should begin at the end. You need to approach this responsibly, because this is the part that the investor studies.

3. Company history

If you already have operating organization, then you need to talk about the history of its origins, about its successes.

4. Market opportunities

In this section, it is necessary to conduct a SWOT analysis of the enterprise, i.e. identify its strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats.

7. Business model

This is a financial plan. Here you need to describe all sources of income and costs. You also need to indicate your suppliers and main buyers.

A cafe business plan: an example with calculations and step-by-step instructions for creating your own cafe from scratch can be found

8. Forecast

In this section you need to create a financial forecast. It is necessary to write about the amount of profit and payback period of the project.

The entire business plan should be 30-40 pages.

How to write a business plan yourself: a sample for a small business

Let's look at some sections of a business plan using an example

SWOT Analysis Matrix

How to write a business plan yourself: a sample for small businesses.

best franchises with the cost and terms of purchase, you will find in our new publication at the link.

Business model

Thus, start-up capital is 290,000 rubles. Wherein fixed costs amount to 105,000 per month.

The expected average income is 130,000 rubles per month, average profit – 25,000 rubles.

To find out the payback period, you need to divide the starting capital by the profit. It will be 11-13 months.

Making a business plan yourself is not at all difficult. If you are willing to spend enough time, then you can create a high-quality business plan.

How to draw up a business plan yourself - a sample for a small business, as well as step-by-step instructions with recommendations are contained in the following video: