Business plan for the production of nut shells. How nuts are processed. Nut calibrator

This business The project is the construction of a walnut processing plant on the territory of Moldova and the purchase of land in the amount of 100 hectares for planting intensive walnuts, which have been generating income for the 4th year. The gross harvest of nuts per hectare is 3 tons. The walnut processing plant will work intensively during the entire period of growth of the orchard, that is, the purchase of peeled or unshelled walnuts from the population will be reduced at a price below the market price. All collected products will be sold in Europe and the CIS countries, where the cost of these products is an order of magnitude higher, and the quality is at the level of foreign analogues. After a walnut garden of 100 hectares bears fruit, the volume of production will be 300 tons of walnuts and the cost of this product will be 5,000,000 euros. Business plan: Walnut orchard (walnut)

BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

1. Planting and operation of a 100-hectare walnut orchard

COMPETITIVENESS

CONCLUSION - According to these calculations, the payback period for a walnut orchard is within the critical maximum of 5 years! - Project participants form and strengthen nut business. - European partners provide their region Business plan: Walnut orchard (walnut)

BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

A business plan for a comprehensive closed-cycle nut business program is being considered:

1. Planting and operation of a walnut orchard with an area of 100 hectares,

2. Walnut processing (hulling, sizing, pre-sale preparation).

3. Making walnut oil and grinding walnut shells for further use.

COMPETITIVENESS

The business will be successful due to the following:

1. The potential client has an urgent need for the product;

2. Waste-free business production (wood, leaves, branches, roots are raw materials for the light, food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries);

3. Long-term profit (100-120 years);

4. Long shelf life of the product, no special conditions storage and simple transportation conditions.

PRODUCT - Walnuts calibrated and packaged for sale on the European market. - Walnut kernels calibrated for quality in vacuum packaging for European sales. - Walnut oil for the food, perfume and pharmaceutical industries. MARKET AND COMPETITION Annual shortage of product in Europe -100,000 tons. The taste of our product (Ukrainian walnut) is superior to existing ones, except for the USA (California).

The business is exposed to the following risk factors:

1. Climatic conditions (global climate change);

2. Human factor (vandalism, theft);

3. Natural pests: Nut moth (Gracillaria rosciopenella), nut moth (Cydia pomonella)

1. CALCULATION OF INCOME FROM PLANTING AND OPERATION OF A WALNUT ORCHARD

On this moment potential client has an urgent need for the product and offers 1.2 euros/kg of unshelled nuts. The price before the crisis was 1.6 - 1.8 euros/kg. Tonnage from 100 hectares of walnut orchard (4 years old) is calculated based on 3 t/ha. Total from 100 hectares. We collect 300 tons of dry walnuts. When chopping a nut, the yield of a marketable kernel is 50%, that is, we get 150,000 kg. nut kernels. The wholesale cost of the nut kernel is about 4 euros/kg. The price before the crisis was up to 6 - 8 euros/kg. Pumpkin can be a green manure in a walnut orchard before the tree crowns close. According to the adopted sowing scheme, the gross pumpkin harvest from 100 hectares will be 2,000 tons. Minimum cost 200 euros/t.

Income from the sale of unshelled nuts after 4-5 years for 100 - 120 years will be: 300,000 kg. x 1.2 euros = 360,000 euros. Income can be increased if the product is stored for 3-4 months after harvest. When selling a chopped nut kernel (½ and ¼), the income will be:. 150,000 kg. x 6 euros = 900,000 euros. Additional income from the sale of pumpkin products from the first year of planting the garden will be: 2,000 tons x 100 euros = 200,0000 euros Annually for the first 3-4 years.

COSTS 2015: - Costs for drawing up a walnut garden project - 1200 euros. - Preparation of land (plowing, harrowing, cultivation) - 11,000 euros. - Preparation of planting holes (digging, filling with fertilizer) - 1300 euros; - Purchase of planting material (12,000 seedlings, the average cost of which is 18 euros) - 216,000 euros. - Transportation, customs clearance of planting material to the landing site - 25,000 euros. - Planting seedlings, watering 11,000 euros. - Installation of a fence and a building for a watchman - 48,000 euros. - Salary - 18,000 euros. Total: 331,500 euros.

2016: GARDEN MAINTENANCE COSTS 1. Before purchasing planting material (We assume a survival rate of 80%) - 43,200 euros. 2. Plowing, disking between rows (weed removal, moisture retention) - 3000 euros. 3. Plowing of near-trunk soil (manually 5 UAH/unit) - 4100 euros 4. Watering (Delivery of 4 m3 of water - 250 UAH. We accept 0.5 m3 per 1 tree) - 3250 euros. (further watering is at your discretion); 5. Protection of the garden area in spring and summer (average 5 months) - 3000 euros. 6. Insurance Total: 56,350

Costs for sowing green manure - pumpkin variety "Stofuntovaya": 1. Cost of seeds: seeding rate - 2000 seeds per hectare + 25% per 80 hectares = 16,000 seeds or 160 kg. x 60 UAH/kg. = 9,600 UAH. 2. Sowing with SBN-3 seeder 20,000 UAH. 3. Manual two-time weeding with hilling and crown formation 620 people/day x 50 UAH = 31,000 UAH. 4. Feeding, fertilizers, pest and disease control 12,000 UAH. 5. Pumpkin harvesting - 62,000 UAH. 6. Pre-sale preparation, processing: 120,000 UAH. Total: 254,600 UAH = 26,000 euros Total 413,850 euros. of which 106,650 euros are the costs of the Ukrainian partner. Taxes and overhead costs are not taken into account (costs of the Ukrainian partner)

2017: Proceeds from pumpkin sales amounted to 200,000 euros. Compensation of costs for design, purchase of seedlings and creation of a garden (50%) - 240,200 euros. Total: 440,200 euros Costs: Maintaining the garden and growing pumpkins - 72,350 euros. Land rent, taxes, insurance - 41,150 euros. Loan repayment - 307,200 euros. Total 420,700

2018: Remaining profit of 2017 - 19,500 euros. Proceeds from the sale of pumpkins amounted to 200,000 euros. Total: 219,500 Costs: Maintaining the garden and growing pumpkins - 29,150 euros. Land rent, taxes, insurance - 42,000 euros. Purchase of equipment and construction of a walnut processing workshop: 100,000 euros. Total 171,150 euros

2019: Remaining profit of 2018 - 48,350 euros. Proceeds from the sale of pumpkins amounted to 200,000 euros. Proceeds from the sale of nuts are 600,000 euros. Costs: Garden maintenance - 14,000 euros. Land rent, taxes, insurance - 42,000 euros. Purchase of equipment for automatic walnut harvesting in the garden.

Starting from 2020, income is 1,200,000 euros. 2. OBTAINING WALNUT KERNEL (Hearing, calibration, pre-sale preparation). 3. COMPLEX WALNUT PROCESSING (Production of walnut oil and grinding of walnut shells for further use).

CONCLUSION - According to these calculations, the payback period for a walnut orchard is within the critical maximum of 5 years! - Project participants form and strengthen the nut business. - European partners provide their region with a high-protein product for the prevention of health and longevity.high-protein product for the prevention of health and longevity.

Calibrator-sorter
Walnut shelling machine
Vibrating sieve calibrator
Belt conveyor (inspection table)

Walnut processing line– this is a comprehensive solution that consists of a set specially selected for the full cycle of walnut processing, in order to maximize the optimization of the walnut processing process and obtain a good indicator of the whole kernel.

Walnut processing line

The machine for calibrating walnuts is rotary and is designed in the form of a working sectional drum with the required sizes of calibration holes in each section of the drum. The working drum is made of sieves with the required diameter of calibration holes.

Rotary Walnut Sizing Machine NRS-4M is used for sorting nuts by size.

The productivity of the machine depends on the rotation speed of the calibration drum and ranges from 350 to 1200 kg/hour. The drum rotation speed is set depending on required quality walnut size calibration.
The drum consists of four calibration sections, each section has its own sorting hole diameter of 25, 30, 33 and 40 mm.
Using the regulator, you can control the rotation speed of the calibration drum from 1 to 30 revolutions per minute.
Supply voltage – 220 V. Power consumption – 1200 W.
Machine weight - 472 kg. Dimensions - 5150 x 2220 x 1070 mm.

After the nut is calibrated, it must be cracked and from this stage its processing begins. The quality of the final product depends on how well the split was performed, which affects the price.

Walnut splitting machines with a splitting unit design consisting of two splitting plates have proven themselves very well. With this machine it is possible to adjust the gap between the piercing plates, which allows you to get a high percentage of whole kernels.

ODM – 994/250 Walnut peeling machine

Designed for splitting nut shells in industrial quantities.
Working productivity of nut shelling - 200-250 kg/hour
Adjustment of the gap between the stabbing plates – from 0 to 5 mm
Supply voltage – 380 V. Power consumption – 1.6 kW.
Machine weight - 360 kg. Dimensions - 725 x 905 x 1690 mm.

After splitting, the nut goes to a vibrating sieve, where it is sorted into fractions and partially shelled. Using a vibrating sieve, you can quickly and efficiently sort nuts in industrial quantities. The vibrating sieve is an integral part of the walnut processing line.

Vibrating sieve for sorting chopped nuts VSC-4N

To calibrate chopped nuts, the sieve contains three replaceable sieves with sorting cell diameters of 18, 8 and 4x25 mm and a non-removable sieve with cells with a diameter of 2x16 mm.
Vibration is created using two electric vibrators. When adjusting electric vibrators, you can control the vibration amplitude, 16.7 Hz vibration frequency.
Using an industrial hood with a power of 2.25 kW, the product is cleaned of debris.
Machine productivity – 850 kg/hour.
Supply voltage – 380 V. Power consumption – 3.5 kW.
Machine weight – 800 kg. Dimensions 3957 x 2596 x 2563 mm.

The final processing of the nut is done manually, in this way it is possible to achieve the best result and obtain a high percentage of the whole kernel. To optimize the process, inspection tables are used, the belt of which is divided into several sections, which allows the remains of the shell and nut kernels to move along different parts of the conveyor and be poured into different containers.

Inspection table for chopped nuts SI-2

It is used to separate debris and shell residues from nut kernels and to transport them into containers. Product sorting is carried out by at least two operators using visual control.

Conveyor belt type - food grade polyurethane.
Number of levels of conveyor belts - 2 pcs.
Machine productivity – 1000 kg/hour.
Supply voltage – 220 V. Power consumption – 0.8 kW.
Machine weight – 250 kg. Dimensions 5400 x 1050 x 1600 mm.

Today, walnut processing is a very good idea for small businesses.

In this article, using Ukraine as an example, we will look at such a type of small business as walnut processing. The climatic conditions are such that not every country allows walnuts to grow and ripen. In Ukraine, 120-130 thousand grow annually. tons of walnuts and in this indicator only the USA and China can compete with Ukraine 460 thousand. t and 700 thousand. t accordingly. However, in China, almost the entire walnut harvest goes to the domestic market, the same situation is in the United States, so Ukraine proudly ranks first in the export of these products (more than 80% of the products are exported).

In any type of business, including small ones, the most important thing is profitability. Therefore, before starting this small business, you need to carefully calculate everything and draw up a business plan. I’ll say right away that not everyone is able to process walnuts. The profitability of walnut processing is about 50%. In this business, who you will sell to plays a very important role. finished products. If you focus on the domestic market, the profit will not be so great, but if you try to reach large buyers abroad, then your profit will be much higher. But reaching foreign wholesalers is not so easy, so many producers sell processed walnuts to domestic wholesalers.

Types of shelling.

When processing walnuts, there are several ways to remove the shell:

manual cleaning;
vacuum method;
mechanical method;
soaking and frying;
cleaning using a calibrating crushing apparatus.

Now let's look at each method in more detail.

Manual cleaning walnut from the shell is the most ancient way cleaning, which has survived to this day. The profitability of this cleaning method is very low. People who are engaged in nut shelling receive pennies. At such enterprises, there is a very high staff turnover and often the employees are people who have nowhere else to go, pensioners and disabled people. How does this cleaning method work? There are large tables at which workers sit. In the middle of the tables lie large piles of walnuts. Near each worker there are containers for shells, quarters, halves and chaff. This type of cleaning remains in China; we practically do not have such workshops.

Vacuum method peeling walnuts is a more advanced method compared to manual processing. The technology is as follows: the walnut is loaded into a container for compressed air, then the compressor pumps air into the container and after a while it is sharply released. The walnut shell cannot withstand the sudden pressure drop and bursts.

Mechanical method of peeling nuts. The technology for shelling walnuts is as follows: the walnut is poured into the hopper, then the nut is fed to the press, which, using mechanical pressure breaks the shell of a nut. The pressure on the press is adjusted depending on the quality of the nut and the thickness of the shell. A significant disadvantage of this method is that all nuts are different and the pressure required for shelling them is different, so there is a lot of rejection that the press simply crushed. You also need to constantly regulate the pressure, and this greatly slows down the process of shelling walnuts.

Soaking and roasting walnuts. The technology is as follows: the nut is poured into a container with water and soaked for some time, then placed in an oven with a temperature of 600 to 900 degrees Celsius for a few seconds. Excessive pressure is created inside the nut and the shell bursts.

Cleaning using a calibration and crushing apparatus, this is the most common type of walnut shelling. The technology is as follows: the nut is sifted into fractions using a calibration sieve, and then fed through a conveyor belt into the crushing apparatus. The crushing compartment has several compartments for different fractions or one, the size of which is adjusted depending on the fraction. The nut is cracked in the crushing apparatus and fed to a winnower, which separates the shell from the kernel. Then the nut goes to a calibrating sieve, which separates the different fractions of the kernel.

It is worth noting that no matter what cleaning method you choose, do not forget that no matter what equipment you have, you will still have to do some work manually. Alas, there is no way without this.

Walnut processing: equipment.

Equipment for peeling and processing walnuts is quite expensive, so many novice businessmen make it themselves. If your finances allow it, then it is better to buy ready-made equipment. Firstly, this will increase the productivity of your small business, and secondly, you won’t have to rack your brains over developing new equipment. The approximate cost of a line for peeling walnuts is from 200 to 900 thousand. dollars. This is certainly not small.

Walnut processing: purchase of raw materials.

Purchasing raw materials is the most important aspect of this small business. The price of round nuts varies greatly throughout the year. The lowest cost during the season, and then the price increases until the next season. Therefore, large walnut processors purchase large quantities during the season, and then dry them and store them in a warehouse. But in order to purchase such a large batch, which would be enough for a whole year, large investments and large warehouses. Also, during storage, you need to maintain the correct maintenance regime so that the nut does not get wet or dry out. The purchase of raw materials can occur wholesale from large owners of walnut orchards, as well as from the population. The good thing about buying from orchards is that the nut is of the same variety, and therefore the shell is the same and the same size, and this will greatly facilitate the subsequent calibration of the round nut and reduce losses during shelling. When buying round nuts from the public, you will save a lot of money, but the nut you buy will be collected from different trees and will have to be more carefully calibrated. Also, when buying nuts from the population, you must not forget that there are varieties of nuts whose shells are thick and peel very poorly. So when purchasing raw materials, you need to keep your eyes open and choose products very carefully so as not to be left without profit.

GOST standards according to which nuts are divided.

After chopping, nuts according to GOST standards are divided into the following categories:

The highest grade contains halves and quarters, but their content should not exceed 10%;
The first grade allows the content of 15% of the total mass of 1/8 nuts.
Halves, this category includes halves of a nut, and their content must be at least 80% of the total mass. The remaining 20% is quarters and a kernel the size of three-quarters of halves.
Quarters.

The nut kernels are sorted on a calibrating sieve.

Also, the price and quality of the sold walnut kernel is affected by its humidity; it should be no more than 10%.

Walnut processing: expansion of small business.

If you have decided to seriously engage in walnut processing, then you should think about creating your own garden. This will greatly reduce the cost of raw materials and make your enterprise independent from anyone. Another big plus is that you can plant nuts at home. good quality, which will greatly facilitate the processing and calibration process for you. For a garden, you just need to lease 50 hectares of land from the state for 49 years. Of course, you will have to invest a lot of money, but the garden will completely pay for itself in 3 years. Also, you can not only sell shelled nuts, but you can also sell round nuts.

The article is in the section: Business ideas with average investments.

Nowadays, many people are looking for what kind of business to start. There are many general options. Can be traded, produced, processed, etc. In general, there are many directions, but few specific ideas. Many people do not trust the ideas of outsiders. Some people search and add their own to them.
Here's one idea. Read on, you might want to take a chance and give it a try. As they say, “if you don’t try, you won’t know.” This idea is not universal, it will not suit everyone due to certain third-party factors. Perhaps, based on it, you will come up with something that suits you personally.
The idea is simple. Business with minimal investment. It all depends on how much work you can or want to do. This directly depends on the class of equipment and the number of clients.

If this article interests you and you decide to take a step, then I want to give advice. You need to start small, don’t immediately aim for grandiose achievements.
And so, the idea is to process walnuts. Surely, when you came across advertisements, and when you heard offers to buy a nut, you had questions, “why?” and “what should I do with it?” I'll give you short description what is the essence of this business.

This market is developing and in demand. Walnut grains, that is, shelled walnuts, are bought by confectionery companies, packaged and sold in stores at quite high prices. Its export to Europe has also been established. In every region there are people and companies that buy nuts, from small entrepreneurs who buy nuts, in villages to large companies that grow them. But they process them and extract grain units. The work is painstaking, many do it manually, and it is long and difficult. But we now live in a century of high technology, where manual labor is replaced by machines that facilitate and speed up the production process.

We briefly figured out the essence. Now let's move on to a description of the work process itself.

First, about material and labor costs.

An industrial nut cracker costs from $1,000. Of course, the more expensive the nut cracker, the more and better it can crack the nut. I don’t recommend models that cost more than $2,500; you simply won’t be able to use their full power right away. The principle of industrial nut crackers is simple (a frame on which everything is mounted, a body with 2 milling shafts, an electric motor and a container for pouring nuts). As you can see, everything is simple, there are no particular difficulties with its operation and maintenance. In more expensive nutcracker models, the processing process is more automated and the mechanism is much more complex.

To begin with, you will need preferably a heated non-residential space, since you will have to work from the beginning of autumn, and if you find many clients, then until the end of winter! if you have private sector, then it’s good, you’ll save on renting the premises. If you rent a room, it must be spacious, because you will need to store raw materials somewhere.
To work, you will need from 3 to 5 people, depending on your volume, of course. The nut cracker does not peel the nut on its own, but only breaks its shell, so manual labor is still required. Only expensive models clean the shell themselves.

Now about receiving finished products and estimated income.
The simplest nut cracker can process about 100 kg/h. This is the most difficult thing to process. Separating the shell is not difficult and quick.
According to average data (depending on the quality of the nut), the yield is 1 kg of grain from 3 kg of unshelled nut. Therefore, discuss this issue with the client in advance. If the nut is of poor quality, it is better to underestimate the product yield ratio.

Payment for finished products fluctuates around 0.5 dollars per kilogram. It all depends on the quality of cleaning. If you have a lot of “butterflies” (that’s half a nut), the price will be higher. The lowest paid grain is considered to be grain that does not even have whole “quarters”. Therefore, by processing the 6th tone, which is a little less than two weeks, you will recoup the costs!
Walnut shells are also in demand, but are cheap. If customers do not take it from you, then the shell can either be sold or used as fuel for the boiler.

Of course, you can buy nuts yourself, process them and sell them. The cost of one kilogram of nuts in purchase fluctuates around 1 dollar/kg. The nut is purchased from the population, so you will need a truck and, accordingly, additional fuel costs will arise. You can sell the finished grain for $5/kg. But at the same time, companies that purchase grain are looking for suppliers who can supply at least 1 ton of grain per week. The income is of course solid, $2000 per ton. The difficulties and inconveniences lie in the fact that there are many people who want to buy nuts, and purchasing them will take a lot of time and money.

Based on all of the above, recycling is a more profitable business. You don't risk your cash, you do the work and get paid for it. Your costs are minimal and quickly recouped.
Consider this idea, good luck!

The essence of this business?

Walnuts enjoy in great demand. The walnut is shelled, then the clean walnut grains are packaged and sold at fairly high prices. That is, it is very profitable business

, it is widely appreciated in European countries. In all cities there are people who buy nuts from villages. And there are also the largest companies that grow nuts, but only extract grains. This is very hard work, previously it was done manually, but technology has made great strides forward and now machines do the work for people. Say what you like, but in every business there is how positive sides

, and negative. And now we will look at them. What are the pros and cons of processing nuts?

Processing nuts begins with the need for the nuts themselves, where to get them? Can you grow it yourself? It will take many years to grow a tree, and only after about five years the tree will bear its first fruits, but you should not expect that it will bear many fruits at once. This method takes a lot of time. And the task of any businessman is to invest less money and time, and get more. So we conclude that purchasing nuts is more promising than growing them.

How to process nuts?

Of course, there are nut crackers that crack nuts and clean grain, but such equipment costs from two thousand five hundred dollars.

Business income is one of the main factors. If we calculate, then from about three kilograms of unshelled nuts we get one kilogram of grain. If we talk about one shift, then it is worth noting that in one shift workers get one hundred and fifty to three hundred and fifty kilograms of peeled nuts. On average, the enterprise earns two hundred thousand rubles per month. Since on average one kilogram of peeled nut costs one dollar. In addition, the price of nuts depends on whether the grains are broken or not. “Butterflies”, half a nut – more expensive. The type of nut also plays a very important role.

So we gradually approached the topic of buying machines, the main thing here is not to make a mistake. Of course, it is better to enlist the support and knowledge of specialists, since there are different nut crackers, some of them are designed to process only one variety. It would be a very unpleasant story if, due to your inexperience, you bought nut crackers, but they didn’t fit, or worse, they broke. In addition, buying a machine for one type is very unprofitable, since one industrial nut cracker costs from a thousand dollars, and we are talking about investing the minimum and getting the maximum. You also need to know that the simplest nut cracker can only process one hundred kilograms of nuts in an hour.

Everyone has probably already thought about where to put the shell? We also have an answer to this question: not only the nut grains are in demand, but also the shells, but they are cheaper. Walnut shells are one of the best raw materials for production solid fuel, which is especially valued in Germany. But there are also people who, after processing nuts, they simply burn the shells, this is very stupid, because there are so many useful applications

walnut shells. Walnut shells can be useful in everyday life, for example: in the garden, in the garden, in medicine. Let’s draw conclusions: the walnut business is already very profitable. Despite the disadvantages of this business, and they exist. Namely, the disadvantages of processing are a large staff and theft, but the advantages outweigh - high quality

of the final product (and, accordingly, the cost of sale) and a lower percentage of waste, and this is also money.