Fish farming. Fish farming as a business idea for an entrepreneur Equipment for growing fish in ponds

Which business idea should you choose? Let's try to find the answer to this question. Many of us don’t think about how food gets to our dinner table. We are not interested in where or how they were grown or produced, the main thing is the end result. We want to always consume fresh and high-quality products. Live fish has always been and will be in great demand among the population.

It's no secret that many men like to sit with a fishing rod by the pond, relax, fish, and making this hobby their business is a dream for many, which can come true if you set a certain goal.

Fishing business from scratch

It is possible to make fish farming a business, but before making a final decision, you need to study all the intricacies and pitfalls of this business.

Russia is a great country in which fisheries are highly developed. To be honest, several decades ago our fish farming enterprises were among the best in the world. Unfortunately, many of them went bankrupt because they could not withstand the competition of foreign companies. Those that still continue to exist are unable to provide the country's population with the growing needs for live fish. Therefore, fish farming can be a successful solution to supplying your region with these products.

The ideas of growing fish in artificially created reservoirs are not new, but they do not lose their relevance even today.

There are several areas in modern fish farming:

Artificial fish pond

Selecting a suitable site

The area where you can make a fish pond can be located not only in small towns or outside them, but also in a big city on your own plot of land (if there is one). If it is not possible to dig a pond or pool, you can make a container from sheet iron.

A reservoir for breeding and growing fish must meet this goal. The depth of the pond must be at least 150 cm. Its bottom should be free of peat or silt. Vegetation must be present in the reservoir, but within reasonable limits.

The business will be economically profitable only if the reservoir is suitable in all respects not only for keeping fish, but also for growing it, collecting eggs and incubating young animals.

Construction of a fish pond

When creating a fish pond, you should not focus on its sophistication and decorative items. Do not forget that its main goal is to create comfortable conditions for keeping fish.

When constructing fish ponds, the following should be considered: rules and recommendations:

Small ponds will require serious care, while large ones will cost you a lot. Based on this, it follows that the optimal sizes are in the range of 30 – 50 square meters. meters;
one of the areas of the pond should be in the shade. In addition, it is worth knowing that in order for the pond not to flood during spring floods, it should not be located in low-lying areas;
the bottom topography is complex, with shallow water alternating with deep-water areas, with rapids and ledges of various sizes;
To breed different types of fish you will need a variety of soil.

For example, let’s take a farm that plans to breed carp. Expenditure part of the business plan:

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2018-01-25 Igor Novitsky

By approaching the formation of the pond correctly, studying the water parameters and preparing everything for the launch of the fry, the owner will be able to grow the fish to the optimal size. Careful care and cleaning of an artificial reservoir will allow you to increase the amount of fish for sale, and therefore increase the volume of profit received.

At the moment, many experts in the field of fish farming consider the fishing business to be a rather promising area. Therefore, by creating conditions for its development, it is possible to solve the problem of providing the state with fish and help fish farms in such a difficult task as growing various fish species.

Previously, it was popular to breed fish in artificial reservoirs, but in this case, poachers prevented the growth and development of young and older individuals, which is why fish farmers began to engage in organized reproduction and cultivation of fish on mini farms and at home. But in order for fish breeding to be successful, a novice fish farmer needs to study the breeding instructions and adhere to all the prescribed rules. Without what will home fish farming not bring the desired results?

Home fish farming from scratch

The most important resource for growing any type of fish is water. The growth, development and health of young animals will depend on its quality.

Step one. Creation of an artificial reservoir.

Before you start creating a pond, you need to devote time to a complete analysis of the water, studying all the indicators and quality standards necessary for populating the reservoir with new residents.

For this purpose, it is best to contact Epidemiological Surveillance and ask specialists to conduct the necessary analyzes of the aquatic environment and provide advice on improving it, if necessary. If the water quality does not meet standards, do not despair. It is enough to aerate and clean the pond and everything will return to normal.

Step two. Determining the quality of water resources.

The water in a fish pond must have the following characteristics:

Optimal salt ratio;
Regular and irregular temperature conditions;
The total number of microorganisms living in it and PH;
General transparency;
The presence of minerals necessary for future fish;
Color qualities;
The ratio of gases dissolved in water;

If all these characteristics meet the stated standards, then it will be possible to grow fish without any problems.

Step three. Launching the fry.

Before you release the fry into the pond, you need to know what temperature conditions are suitable for the breed of fish you have chosen. There are fish that are more suited to cold water, and there are fish species that will only feel comfortable in warm water.

Cold-loving species include grass carp, carp, catfish, crucian carp, sterlet, silver carp, trout, peled, etc. Heat-loving fish need to ensure the water temperature is not lower than twenty degrees, and for those who prefer cool waters, from ten to twenty degrees. Wintering in a reservoir will also be determined by the species of fish.

Step four. Stages of growing fish.

In order to properly build your mini fish farm, you need to know that when growing fish, the stages of breeding are taken into account. First, the fish spawn, then the fry appear, followed by the wintering stage, the next stage of growth, and experienced fish farmers consider the feeding stage to be the last step.

Taking them into account, it is possible to clearly distinguish between these periods and create the necessary scheme for the growth and development of young animals and grown individuals. For each of these stages, it is best to equip your own pond or use plastic pools.

In a pool or spawning pond, fish farmers hatch fry from the eggs. The hatched fry are transplanted into a pond where they will grow. Upon reaching a certain age, they are placed in a nursery pond, where they will gain weight. When the generation gets stronger and there is no longer any need to worry about its health, it is transferred to a feeding pond, and for wintering a special wintering pond with conditions appropriate for fish is used.

In order for fish to grow and develop well, the water in the reservoir must be clean and enriched with oxygen. Also, it should not contain hydrogen sulfide and methane. To avoid their occurrence, the pond must be created in an appropriate area, which can be determined using a geodetic map. Also, the reservoir must have appropriate vegetation that will saturate the water with substances beneficial to fish.

Step five. Feeding.

Not only water plays an important role in growing fish, but also the use of appropriate feed additives. In order to grow healthy fish, it is necessary to use feed mixtures appropriate for each breed. They consist of fats, fiber, legumes, grains, proteins, minerals and vitamins that fish need. The secret of success is simple: in order for the fish to grow well, fish farmers fertilize the reservoirs and mineralize them.

For each age of fish, it is necessary to use their own feed additives, just as to boost immunity, they use therapeutic-stress food to help the fish cope with the disease and gain immunity to it. That’s basically all that fish farmers who decide to grow fish at home need to know.

Breeding fish at home as a business

For growing fish, the most important thing is water; without it, it is simply impossible to breed any of the fish species. It is for this reason that before deciding to grow fish at home, it is necessary to build a suitable artificial reservoir for it.

For this purpose, you can rent a state reservoir, but it is better to abandon this idea. Because it will take you a lot of time to obtain various permits and approvals, and in addition to all this, your “fishing place” will also be threatened by poachers trying to catch as much fish as possible in your reservoir. For this reason, it is best to forget about renting a pond from government agencies. Moreover, the cost of a business based on state lease will be very expensive for you.

Another option is to create an artificial pond on your country or summer cottage. Creating an artificial reservoir will also not be cheap, but it will still require significantly less material and stress from you, and you will also be one hundred percent confident in the reliability of your business.

If you want to breed fish for which fresh water is suitable, then you can use a polycarbonate greenhouse with a plastic pool installed in it. It is also necessary to purchase compressor and filtering equipment, which will cost three thousand dollars. If you can create such equipment yourself, you will significantly reduce the cost of equipment for the pond. But before you start creating or purchasing it, you need to find out exactly what equipment and materials you will need.

Pond equipment

Water purification in a reservoir should be done using a gravity filter. Installing it is quite simple and it will not take much of your time. It costs about five thousand rubles. It is used not only for water purification, but also allows you to remove microorganisms that cause water blooms and the appearance of mud.

In order to saturate the water with oxygen, compressor equipment is used. Its cost can reach ten thousand rubles. In order to prevent the water in the reservoir from blooming, sterilizers with ultraviolet diodes are used. To pump water out of a reservoir, you need to purchase a hydraulic pump (about five thousand rubles). You can also make it by assembling it yourself from tubes. In this case, the reservoir will be filled with water from underground sources and springs. Feeders can be purchased at stores that sell fishing tackle. Also, do not forget about drainage equipment.

Costs and technology of fish farming

The benefits of fish farming are obvious. On the market, let’s take sturgeon, for example, a kilogram costs about two hundred rubles. By buying fry or breeding them yourself, you can get up to a ton of fish per year, which is about one and a half thousand kilograms, which means three hundred thousand rubles.

By spending one hundred and fifty thousand on your fishing business, you can work off the costs in a year and still make a profit. The main thing is to find sales points and then you don’t have to worry about profits.

Of course, only those people who understand all the risks and are ready to take them can engage in fish farming, because this type of business is quite competitive. And if you are not ready to fight and breed really high-quality and selected fish, it is better not to start it.

And now, finally, you have made a firm decision to create your own fishery. What documents will you need? Since you will be starting a business, you will need to register your business. This will also require additional costs. Also, to grow fish you will need a license, which will need to be issued. And when you receive the first “harvest”, you will still have to undergo product quality control and obtain special permission from the relevant structures.

What is the best fish to choose for breeding?

While it is easy to calculate the costs of creating an artificial reservoir, the costs of purchasing and growing fish are very difficult. It is for this reason that it is necessary to draw up a clear business plan.

The most unpretentious fish to eat and keep is carp. It is also affordable. When purchasing a ton of carp fry, you will need to spend about a thousand dollars. Moreover, this fish breed will not begin to reproduce immediately, but only after three years. In addition, during the cold season, carp grow twice as slow.

In industrial terms, all varieties of sturgeon are considered the most profitable fish species. An adult sturgeon weighs on average five hundred grams. A kilogram of sturgeon sold wholesale will cost approximately ten dollars. In your artificial pond, you can grow about a ton of such fish in six months. And this means that this business can really be called profitable.

Growing fish at home on a mini-farm: how to organize it correctly?

If you follow all the tips described above, then growing fish in your pond or pool is not a problem. This is exactly what farmer Mikhail Atamanov does, growing sterlet and trout on his farm in Yaroslavl. Over the course of a year, he grows and sells up to ten tons of fish and does not intend to stop there. According to him, such a business brings him not only tangible profit, but also pleasure.

Fish farming is a branch of agriculture within which several main tasks are performed: production of commercial fish, replenishment of the region's food supply, preservation of rare species of fish. As a rule, these problems are solved by large fish farms. However, today enterprising people have the opportunity to organize fish farming at home as a business - small but reliable. What is needed for this, and what kind of profit a fish farmer can expect, we will tell you in this review.

How to register a business

According to the laws of the Russian Federation, growing fish as a business is an entrepreneurial activity that is subject to registration with the Federal Tax Service. The purpose of such registration:

collection of taxes and other obligatory payments to the treasury;
supervision of production safety and product quality.

The absence of this administration on the part of the state prevents the entrepreneur from entering large markets. We recommend that you read about it and find out from the point of view of minimizing costs.

However, enterprising agricultural enthusiasts do not always master fish farming as a business in order to quickly enter the market with large quantities of finished products. Often a small home production is sufficient.

If a novice entrepreneur manages to establish a cycle for growing 1 to 2 tons of fish per year on his personal plot, then he does not have to register as an entrepreneur, but can sell the products as surplus from a personal subsidiary plot.

A home farm is a good start for those starting a fishing business from scratch. In the conditions of private household plots, a novice entrepreneur has the opportunity to:

accumulate start-up capital;
delve into all the intricacies of fish production;
gain experience in the regional market, as well as establish relationships with suppliers of consumables for growing fish.

This is the gold reserve that will allow the farmer in the near future to reach a new level of business such as breeding and selling fish.

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How to grow fish at home

There are several ways to raise fish at home:

in ponds;
in swimming pools.

There is also a method called cage breeding, but in order to organize it, you need to rent a pond. A reservoir can only be leased to an official business entity, so the development of cage fish farming will have to be postponed until registration as an entrepreneur.

Pond farming

To begin with, it should be noted that the pond for breeding fish must be quite voluminous: length from 8 to 10 m, width from 6 to 4 m, depth from 2 to 3 m.

The most unpretentious fish that can live in an artificial pond are carp and silver carp.

Most of these programs provide the following benefits for beginning farmers:

a significant reduction in interest rates on loans;
provision of government guarantees for loans;
payment for participation in exhibition events;
free training for farmers in the basics of entrepreneurship.

In order to become a participant in a municipal or federal program, a farmer must:

register as an entrepreneur;
have equity capital of about 30% of the required investments;
entrepreneurial venture;
have an impeccable credit history and be a law-abiding taxpayer.

A well-organized fishing business, according to reviews from entrepreneurs, gives its owner good income and allows it to become self-sufficient in a short time, so if you have entrepreneurial ideas and the strength to implement them, don’t stop, build a profitable enterprise.

" Fish

A person's diet must include a product such as fish. You can buy it in any store or market, but you can also grow it yourself: Of all freshwater fish species, the most profitable for breeding is a relative of the wild river carp - carp. This article will discuss exactly how to breed this fish in a garden plot in small ponds or pools.

Growing carp yourself has both its advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

Fast growth– unlike other representatives of its family, this cultivated species grows very quickly, reaching a weight of 400-500 grams by the end of the first year. At the end of the second year, the fish can reach a marketable weight of 1 kg.
Unpretentiousness– carp is not as picky about the oxygen content in water as most river freshwater fish.
High quality meat– this fish is soft, tasty and has a relatively small number of small bones.

Flaws:

Frequent incidence fish when the container is very densely populated
Initial costs for the purchase of fry and the construction of a pool are quite high

Home breeding technology

Purchase of fry

You should only purchase fry in specialized fish farms having a good reputation and working for quite a long time.

You should not purchase fish seeding material from untested and unreliable suppliers - private individuals involved in carp breeding and reproduction, or recently established fish farms.

It is better to transport purchased fry in spacious buckets or fishing canals. It is better to take water from a pond or lake, as a last resort - rain.

Catering - what and how to feed

You should feed neglected carp twice a day:

Early in the morning– when the sun has risen and warmed the water sufficiently
In the evening, before sunset

It is better to use as food:

Finely chopped rainwater worms
Stern bloodworm
Larva caddisfly (shitika)
Steamed cereals– oats, wheat, barley
Bread rye

In order for all kinds of bottom microorganisms and small crustaceans that the carp feed on to be present in the pool, it is necessary to periodically add water from a nearby pond or lake. You should also periodically feed the fish with special feed.

In order to periodically catch the largest specimens The fish should be fed in the same place, making a small tray in it into which food will be poured

The food should be poured in small portions so that it is completely eaten by the fish and does not fall to the bottom of the container, rotting there over time and causing a deterioration in water quality.

Launching fish into the pool

The purchased fry should be released either in spring or autumn.

Spring stocking is preferable - the fish have time to gain weight and adapt to living conditions before wintering

It is necessary to launch fry in the spring when the water warmed up to a temperature of 22-25 0 C.

Conditions of keeping and growing

Swimming pool, location and dimensions

You can either buy a ready-made plastic pool or fill it yourself.

The most convenient for growing carp in a personal plot or country house is a round container made of plastic or polypropylene with a diameter of 2 to 3 meters and a depth of at least 1.2-1.5 meters.

It is better to position the container in such a way that part of it is illuminated by the sun most of the day in summer, and the other is in the shade. This arrangement will help avoid overheating of the water and will allow the fish to take cover in the cool shade in the heat.

Pools can also be located in frame greenhouses or garages.

Water quality

The water in the pool must be renewed. To do this, the following system is installed:

Filter with pump drawing water from a nearby stream or small river
Main line made of polyethylene pipe connected to the pump and supplying water to the container
Drain line from a polyethylene pipe with a larger diameter than the supply pipe. Place the drain line at the bottom of the container and lead it into a stream or river, installing a tap or plug at the end

If there is no river or stream nearby, then it is necessary to use water from a well, pumped into the pool by a submersible pump with a filter. In this case, the water should be drained through a filter into the sewer.

Tap water rich in chlorine and mineral impurities should not be used for breeding specks.

Temperature

Pool water during the period of fish growth and development should warm up to a temperature of at least 22-25 0 C, but not more than 30 0 C.

This temperature background is achieved by placing the container in a sunny place and periodically replacing (draining) part of the water.

Although carp is unpretentious to the content of dissolved oxygen in water, it a deficiency can lead to slower growth or complete death of the entire livestock.

To increase the oxygen content, special aerators or low-power compressors should be used.

Reproduction

Reproduction of carp is a rather painstaking process. To do this, when catching 2-3 year old fish in the fall, it is necessary to leave several large individuals of different sexes in a container so that they spawn in the spring:

In order for carp to reproduce it is necessary make two separate ponds for spawning and rearing. The spawning tank should be 3x3 meters in size with a depth of no more than 0.5 meters. The nursery should be slightly larger in area and depth. Its optimal size is a square with a side length of 4 meters and a depth of up to 1.5 meters.
In ponds it is necessary provide a fresh water supply system from a river or stream, well, as well as its drainage
In early spring when the water warms up to 18-20 0 C, it is necessary to first transplant 1-2 males into the spawning pond during the day, and 1 female in the evening

In order for the females to have something to lay eggs in the pond in advance, they should plant with reeds or cattails, or place freshly cut meadow turf at the bottom
After fertilized larvae hatch, large carp must be returned back to the pool
After 6-8 days the spawning pond should be drained, and the larvae should be caught with a fine-mesh net and transplanted into the nursery pond
In the nursery pond larvae should be fed with small bloodworms, special feed, powdered milk
Before winter, the nursery pond must be drained, and grown fry weighing 15-20 grams. transplant into a pool or large home aquarium

What to do in winter with carp in a pond

In winter, in a sunken or solid concrete pool carp can survive the winter provided ensuring that the container does not freeze to the bottom and sufficient oxygen will enter it
In order for the container not to freeze after an ice cover strong enough for walking has formed on it, it must be cover with a large layer of snow, in the absence of such - insulation mats and film, providing places for drilling holes
In order for oxygen to enter the pool in its ice cover using a fishing ice auger several holes need to be made and make sure they don't freeze

If the container is located indoors or in a greenhouse, then in winter, carp feeding should be reduced, produce additional feed depending on the activity of the fish

Business payback for beginners

Breeding carp is not only an opportunity to always have fresh fish grown by yourself, but also quite a profitable business. Let's try to calculate its approximate profitability

Expenses

Pool made of polypropylene with a volume of 2.7 m 3 – 26,000 rubles.
Malek–3000 rub. (500 pieces) for the entire capacity

Feed– purchased feed with consumption of 1 bag per month and the duration of feeding minus autumn and winter from May to September (5 months) the cost of its purchase with the cost of one bag weighing 40 kg is 640 rubles. for two years will amount to 6,400 rubles.

The total amount of all expenses is 35,400 rubles.

Profit

Taking into account the population density of a tank of a given size with at least 200 one-year-old fry per 1 m 3 and the percentage of their death in the first year with normal feeding, no more than 5% in the second year in the pool you can grow about 500 carp weighing about 1 kg - 500 kg fish
Carp of commercial weight of 1 kg has an average cost of about 130 rubles - the sale of all farmed fish will bring 65,000 rubles.

Minus all expenses equal to 35,400 rubles. profit is 29,600 rubles., and the estimated profitability of growing carp at home is:

Profitability = (Profit/Expenses)×100 = (29,600/35,400)×100 = 83.6%

Growing carp in a personal plot can be not only a good hobby, but also a fairly profitable business even for a novice fish farmer.

Fish is a valuable dietary product. It contains a lot of microelements necessary for normal human life. Doctors emphasize that each person, for the normal functioning of the body, must eat several tens of kilograms per year (over 30 kg) or approximately 80 g of fish every day.

True, there is still a clear shortage of fish products on the shelves of Russian stores. Our country's fishing fleet is small and outdated, and natural fish resources are gradually being depleted. Fish farming in Russia is just beginning, although the country has many natural reservoirs and plenty of opportunities to create artificial ones. In terms of water reserves, it is in second place after Latin American Brazil. A significant number of fresh water reservoirs provide opportunities for fish production.

There is only one question left - which one? How to organize your own business so that it brings tangible profit?

Fishing business

Any business is based on supply and demand. Fish farming as a business too. The demand in the domestic market is high. Nowadays, consumers demand a large volume of fish products not only from large enterprises, but also from private farms with their mini-farms. From a profitability perspective, fish production in a pond makes it possible to earn approximately 20% of net profit. Such commerce can be carried out in any region of the country, including central Russia.

At the same time, receiving fish allows you to spend a little time - about 3-5 hours a day are needed for care. And as a business, there is almost no risk of sudden changes in weather conditions or cold snaps. If you set up a business correctly, you can recoup the funds spent in a short period of time and achieve a sustainable income.

Selling fish

Of course, the production of fish products is not an end in itself. Selling fish is one of the essential factors of this business. The cost of fish products depends on cost, quality, type and demand. The most famous red fish is trout, its price is much higher than other fish, such as crucian carp, tench, etc., but the cost of such a product is significantly higher, and it is bought much less.

It’s no wonder that 70% of the live fish market is carp. Their cost is lower, but they are easier to sell. When you start your fishing business, be sure to look around the fish market and settle on the most popular fish.

You need to choose distribution channels, establish contacts with catering establishments (perhaps they will become regular customers), restaurants, cafes and supermarkets (many agree to cooperate with farmers if you have all the necessary permits). In the end, you can simply sell fish at the market.

Forms of fish development

The methods of breeding fish are quite diverse:

Pond farming is the use of one basic reservoir to produce fish (this is enough for any species).
Cage production of fish is especially effective for large specimens. With this form of cultivation, the producer uses a certain area of the reservoir, distributing the water sphere with cage lines.
The pool method allows you to produce fish in artificial, relatively small reservoirs. They can organize everything for breeding freshwater fish species: predatory (pike, perch), herbivorous (bream, carp), etc. Some businessmen have mini-reservoirs in the form of small containers.

Artificial reservoirs

There are two main ways to breed fish in nature: in artificial (dug by man) and natural (created by the elements) reservoirs. The latter path is quite difficult to implement due to the cumbersome administrative barriers of the Russian bureaucracy. Renting or buying, for example, a lake is very difficult. Considerable time will be spent collecting papers and obtaining approvals from numerous authorities. And you can buy the right to lease a certain natural reservoir only after winning the announced competitive bidding.

An artificial reservoir is usually a pond. In Soviet times, collective farm ponds were up to 0.5 and even 1-3 square meters. km. What types of fish are suitable for breeding in artificial reservoirs? They usually grew crucian carp and carp; varietal species of fish were less common.

But ponds can also be small. Nowadays, small ponds with a water surface of 1-3 square meters are created on the territory of household plots. m. They do not require legal approvals. You can swim in them, use them for decorative purposes, or breed some fish “for the soul.” It can also be used for commercial purposes. After all, even such a reservoir allows you to generate good income. Fishing business can start on a small scale.

However, the pond owner must remember that there is a whole list of subtleties, such as water temperature, acidity level, volume of the reservoir, number of fish, etc. Ignoring the leading rules can lead to the death of fish. It is necessary to determine in advance the number of specimens and the species characteristics of the inhabitants that the entrepreneur is going to populate in the pond.

Pond requirements

What kind of fish to breed in central Russia depends on the characteristics of the pond. Have you decided to build on your own personal plot (preferably large)? Get ready for algae to grow in it - this is good free food for future residents. Peat and silt should not be left at the bottom of the pond, no matter what their quality. It is necessary to decide in advance that the reservoir is needed specifically for production and reproduction, and not just for keeping fish.

You can search for decorative parts of the pond according to your taste, but during construction it is necessary to determine some important factors when breeding fish: the most optimal volume of the pond is from 30 to 50 square meters. m, a smaller pond will be unprofitable, and a larger pond will be too expensive to construct and operate. It is necessary to dig a pond in a low-lying area with springs at the bottom; There must certainly be a shady place so that the fish can hide in it during the hot period.

It is better not to design a flat bottom for the pond, but to create areas with thresholds and long ledges. Any type of fish loves reservoirs with different soil characteristics and bottom depths.

Pond fish

To determine what kind of fish to breed in central Russia, you need to start with the type of reservoir you are choosing. An artificial reservoir has a unique microclimate that is not suitable for all types of fish. Standing water has less oxygen, it contains more microorganisms and various kinds of bacteria, small animals, including predators. The topography of the bottom, banks, and type of vegetation differ significantly from rivers. There is a lot of silt in them. Not all fish can live in an artificial reservoir. However, the types of fish for breeding in artificial reservoirs in our country are quite diverse.

Carp (carp)

Of the total number of commercial fish for obtaining marketable weight in artificial reservoirs, carp and crucian carp are among the most suitable. Carp (carp) is not particularly picky about living conditions; it feeds on small bottom organisms, algae, and fish food. Commercial carp grows within 3-5 years, standing out at a high speed.

A domesticated version of the carp is carp - a fish that quickly increases in size, has several species and is able to adapt to any conditions of the reservoir. Carp grows well in small, artificial and natural reservoirs warmed by the summer sun. Slightly alkaline water will be the most favorable for them. Carp can eat plant and animal foods. Carp can reproduce by the age of 4-5 years.

crucian carp

Crucian carp is also of great importance. It is also a fast-growing fish. Crucian carp is omnivorous and very profitable for crucian carp. Crucian carp is a well-known fish for production in the breeding tank. It chooses exclusively still water and feeds mainly on algae. Adults can weigh up to 5 kg. The fish is very hardy. But in winter, due to thick solid ice, it needs oxygen. It can be served using holes in the ice sheet.

Trout

Nowadays, trout farming is considered a promising business and allows you to earn quite good money. The popularity of trout is known; its price is consistently high (450 rubles/kg). The current situation is facilitated by the increased demand of Russians for this valuable variety of fish. In addition, fish in paid reservoirs is regularly gaining popularity. An increasing number of anglers prefer this type of fishing, since the likelihood of pulling a fish out of the water is high and the vivid feelings from this will remain for a long time.

To grow trout, breeding conditions must be properly organized. When the young trout reaches 1 year old, 500-1000 fish are placed in the pond.

A full-scale fish complex includes a hatchery, pools for fry, a pond for adult fish, feed rooms, refrigeration machines for fish products and other necessary technical buildings.

Large trout, which are fed for balyk production, are kept mainly in cages and ponds, occasionally in deep pools. Producing trout in tanks requires additional investment in proper equipment.

Most breeder fish reach the age of 3-7 years and weigh at least half a kilogram. Its activity during spawning depends on these two indicators of trout. If the breeding cycles are managed correctly, spawning can be done all year round.

To grow trout, the following conditions must be taken into account:

the suitable water temperature for this fish is between 3-24 degrees;
it is necessary to keep the water transparent and fairly clean, with a good oxygen content;
In order to quickly increase weight, the fish must be supplied with a food base, which must certainly include all the necessary substances, microelements, vitamins and mineral salts;
You definitely need astaxanthin - a compound with a natural carotenoid, so that trout meat gets a bright red color.

If such conditions are maintained, the trout will reach a weight of 2 kg in about four years.

Sturgeon

Breeding sturgeon is a fairly profitable and promising business. One kilogram of sturgeon reaches 20 dollars, and the cost of black caviar reaches 1000 dollars per 1 kg. It is easy to calculate how much profit there will be from such a business and its payback period.

Under home breeding conditions, sturgeon breeds develop much faster. If at first a young sturgeon weighs only a few grams, then after a year some individuals will weigh 1 kg, and their body length will reach half a meter. After two years of fattening, the sturgeon grows to several kilograms in weight. Manufacturers begin commercial sales of individuals at an average age of approximately 1.5 years and weighing 2 kg.

On a large scale in Russia, development is taking place near the river. Volga, where river water is used in the fish breeding pool.

Number of fish

Effective fish breeding will be possible if certain rules are followed. To begin with, the most correct thing to do is to determine the type of container, the ratio of the depth of the reservoir to the selected type of fish. Then the problem of the number of fish fry for the pond is solved. Overpopulation of a reservoir has a negative impact on business. If there are obviously a lot of fish, food overconsumption begins, and the water deteriorates faster. When calculating the exact number of fish in the pool, you need to allocate at least 50 liters of water per 1 specimen 10-15 cm long. Pay attention to the size of the fish. There will be much fewer sturgeon fry than, for example, crucian fry.

The deep pool creates ideal conditions for fish in the winter, while maintaining a more even temperature in the summer. But there are also disadvantages: at depth, the water can remain cold for the active growth of microorganisms - food for fish. The absorption of atmospheric oxygen will be less than that of a small pool with an increased surface water surface. Because of this, the life processes of the fish deteriorate.

Other characteristics of the reservoir

Pools for breeding fish of different species differ in terms of water surface, depth, water supply level, soil type and other natural conditions. They differ from natural bodies of water in the regulation of the processes taking place: growing selected fish, artificial feed, fertilizer, and so on.

Important reasons that largely determine the effectiveness of the development of residents of artificial pools can be temperature and chemical reactions. Some fish are thermophilic, while others, as a rule, feel great at low temperatures. Constant changes in temperature and acidity levels can be dangerous for some fish species. Measurements of the acid reaction of water, temperature levels, and determination of the volume of oxygen should be carried out quite often, especially in winter. Changing the level of acidity to reduce it is done by liming, adjusting the operation of lime filters and mills.

We must also remember to determine the compatibility of individual fish species with each other; some of them may compete for food.

In a properly created pond, fish will thrive and grow quickly.

Nutrition

It has already been mentioned more than once about food for fish. This is one of the most important factors in the stable growth of the inhabitants of the reservoir. Nutrition will depend on what kind of fish is bred in central Russia.

It should be noted that there is no universal approach to the principle of proper fish feeding. It's like asking about the best way to fish. In addition, a lot depends on the cultivated species, because all fish have their own food preferences. There are requirements for conditions of detention and assigned tasks. If a businessman wants to increase the growth rate of fish, then it is worth introducing a larger weight of protein-rich food into the diet. Fish do not expect large amounts of food. For example, to increase weight by 1 kilogram, food must have a value of approximately 4,500 kcal.

It is necessary to monitor the amount of amino acids in food, since they increase appetite and directly affect the rate of weight gain. They also prevent the occurrence of a large number of diseases in fish, especially in fry. The diet must also certainly include different types of fats; a lot of fiber (the weight of its consumption depends on the type of fish produced, the most required specific gravity is 20%, for certain species this level may be higher); biologically active compounds (these can be various enzymes or premixes); cereals (you can sprinkle bran into the food, they will be an excellent source of carbohydrates); important vitamin B; food of meat origin (special flour, low-fat dairy foods. Such a balanced diet will enable the fish to grow at a faster rate, improve its health and increase the rate of reproduction.