lte baud rate. LTE networks: structure and principle of operation
LTE FDD and LTE TDD
There are two types of LTE standard, the differences between which are quite significant. FDD - FrequencyDivisionDuplex(frequency separation of incoming and outgoing channel) TDD - TimeDivisionDuplex(time separation of the incoming and outgoing channel). Roughly speaking, FDD is parallel LTE and TDD is serial LTE. For example, with a channel width of 20 MHz in FDD LTE, part of the range (15 MHz) is given for downloading (download), and part (5 MHz) for uploading (upload). Thus, the channels do not overlap in frequency, which allows you to work simultaneously and stably for downloading and uploading data. In TDD LTE, the same 20 MHz channel is completely given up for both downloading and uploading, and data is transmitted in one direction or the other in turn, while downloading still has priority. In general, FDD LTE is preferable because it works faster and more stable.
Frequency bands LTE, Band
LTE networks (FDD and TDD) operate on different frequencies in different countries. In many countries, several frequency bands are operated at once. It should be noted that not all equipment can work on different "bands", i.e. frequency ranges. FDD ranges are numbered 1 to 31, TDD ranges 33 to 44. There are a few additional standards that have not yet been assigned numbers. Specifications for frequency bands are called bands (BAND). In Russia and Europe, band 7, band 20, band 3 and band 38 are mainly used.
In Russia, four frequency ranges are currently used for 4th generation networks:
|
Frequency range |
1800 MHz |
2600 MHz |
800 MHz |
2600 MHz |
|
3GPP band number |
||||
|
Channel separation |
As an example, I will give the distribution of frequencies among the main Russian telecom operators in the LTE 2600 (Band 7) band:
As you can see from this diagram, Beeline got only 10 MHz. Rostelecom also got only 10 MHz. MTS - 35 MHz in the Moscow region and 10 MHz throughout the country. And Megafon and Yota (this is the same holding) got as much as 65 MHz for two in the Moscow region and 40 MHz throughout Russia!
Through Yota in Moscow, only Megafon works virtually in the 4G standard, in other regions - Megafon and MTS. Television (Cosmos-TV, etc.) will operate in the TDD range throughout Russia, except for Moscow.
For the full frequency distribution of mobile operators in Russia, see.
|
4G LTE networks in Russia |
||||
|
Operator |
frequency range (MHz)Dw/ Up |
Channel Width (MHz) |
duplex type |
Band number |
|
Yota |
2500-2530 / 2620-2650 |
2x30 |
band 7 |
|
|
Megaphone |
2530-2540 / 2650-2660 |
2x10 |
band 7 |
|
|
Megaphone |
2575-2595 |
band 38 |
||
|
MTS |
2540-2550 / 2660-2670 |
2x10 |
band 7 |
|
|
MTS |
2595-2615 |
band 38 |
||
|
Beeline |
2550-2560 / 2670-2680 |
2x10 |
band 7 |
|
|
Tele 2 |
2560-2570 / 2680-2690 |
2x10 |
band 7 |
|
|
MTS |
1710-1785 / 1805-1880 |
2x75 |
band 3 |
|
|
Tele 2 |
832-839.5 / 791-798.5 |
2x7.5 |
band 20 |
|
|
MTS |
839.5-847 / 798.5-806 |
2x7.5 |
band 20 |
|
|
Megaphone |
847-854.5 / 806-813.5 |
2x7.5 |
band 20 |
|
|
Beeline |
854.5-862 / 813.5-821 |
2x7.5 |
band 20 |
|
The frequency distribution among operators in the regions of Russia can be found.
For those who find it difficult to remember the band-band numbers or do not have a suitable reference handy, I recommend a small android application RFrequence, a screenshot of which is given below.
LTE categories
Subscriber devices are classified into categories. The most common today are devices of the 4th category CAT4. This means that the maximum achievable mobile Internet speed for reception (downlink or DL) can be 150 Mbps, for transmission (uplink or UL) - 50 Mbps. It is important to note that this is the maximum achievable speed under ideal conditions - the main ones are that you are not far from the tower, there are no more subscribers in the cell except you, optical transport is connected to the base station, etc.
The most common categories of subscriber devices are shown in the table.
|
Max. download speed (DL), Mbps |
Carrier aggregation |
Additional technologies |
|
|
CAT4 |
|||
|
CAT6 |
2x20 MHz |
||
|
CAT9 |
3X20 MHz |
||
|
CAT12 |
3X20 MHz |
4x4 MIMO, 256QAM |
|
|
CAT16 |
4X20 MHz |
4x4 MIMO, 256QAM |
The table needs some explanation. "Carrier aggregation" and "additional technologies" are mentioned here. I'll try to explain what it is.
Frequency aggregation
The word "aggregation" in this case means a union, i.e. frequency aggregation is a combination of frequencies. What this means - I will try to explain below.
It is known that the rate of transmission reception depends on the width of the transmission channel. As we saw from the table in the previous section, the channel width per download, for example, MTS is 10 MHz in the range Band 7 (except Moscow), also 10 MHz for return. To increase the download speed, the operator redistributes the frequencies he purchased in the ratio of 15 MHz for download and 5 MHz for upload. Other providers do the same.
One day, one of the developers came up with a bright idea - what if the signal is transmitted not on one carrier frequency, but on several at the same time. Thus, the receive / transmit channel expands and the speed theoretically increases significantly. And if each carrier is transmitted according to the scheme MIMO 2x2, then we get an additional gain in speed. Such a reception-transmission scheme is called “frequency aggregation.” It is this scheme that is used by the Internet 4 G+ or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A).
The table indicates that for cat .9, the transmitter and receiver must be able to transmit and receive a signal on three carrier frequencies (in three bands) simultaneously, the width of each channel must be at least 20 MHz. For cat .12 it is additionally necessary that the antenna devices be connected according to the scheme MIMO 4x4, i.e. in fact, you need 4 antennas on the receiving and transmitting sides.
Mysterious Symbols 256 QAM means a certain type of signal modulation that allows you to pack information more densely. Those who wish to become more familiar with this topic can begin their acquaintance with the material in article Wikipedia and links there.
Receiver categorization
The frequency aggregation scheme is being actively developed by Russian providers, many agreements on the mutual use of frequency bands have been concluded, and the antenna facilities of base stations are being reconstructed.
However, there is one problem - on the receiving side, the subscriber must be able to receive a signal at several carrier frequencies simultaneously. Not all smartphones, tablets and modems support frequency aggregation and therefore cannot work in 4 G+.
Starting from 2016, the documentation for smartphones indicates the frequency ranges (bands) and the category LTE in which they know how to work. For example, for a smartphone release 2017 Huawei P 10Plus, among other parameters, it is indicated:
In addition, this smartphone has a built-in MIMO 4x 4 antenna and a corresponding modem that allows you to process signals on two carrier frequencies at once.
If your smartphone supports frequency aggregation, then the “settings”-> “mobile network” tab will look something like this:
If so, then your smartphone supports LTE -A.
Thus, smartphone manufacturers began to catch up with mobile operators. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said for modem manufacturers. Until now, the most productive modem gives maximum speeds of 150/50 Mbps, i.e. belongs to Cat.4. So far, this circumstance is not too upsetting, because. such speeds, if achieved in practice, are to be admired. However, the production of mobile routers seems to be starting to catch up with smartphones. Cat .6 routers from Huawei and Netgeer began to appear on the market (does not support Russian bands). So the Huawei E5787s-33a router can be bought on AliExpress for about 10 thousand rubles.
It must be said that the real speeds achieved in the 4G + mode are far from the declared ones, but they are significantly higher than in the simple 4G mode. The author conducted a series of experiments in Moscow, where it is not difficult to find LTE -A (Megafon operator), with a Cat .12 smartphone, the results of which are shown in the screenshots. First screenshot - speeds for LTE -A (frequency aggregation enabled), second screenshot for LTE (frequency aggregation disabled). I note that for some reason, when taking a screenshot, the plus sign disappears from the 4G + icon. Why - I don’t know, during testing there was a plus - see the screen.
Six measurements were taken for each mode.
Speeds with frequency aggregation turned on are on average noticeably higher, although not by several times. The measurements were carried out near the tower, during the day.
Those wishing to experiment with LTE-A
If LTE -A appeared in your area, as you saw by measuring the frequencies of your chosen operator (the provider distributes the Internet at two frequencies, for example, LTE 800 and LTE 2600, i.e. uses the B7 + B20 combination) and your hands itch try what it is, you can try to use a scheme of two MIMO antennas with diplexers. What will come of this (and whether anything will work at all), you can write in the comments to the article.
I note here that the NITSA -5 MIMO 2x 2 antenna actually implements this scheme. The difference is that in NITSA-5 the broadband antenna emitters themselves perform the function of diplexers, since each of them receives appropriately polarized signals from bands 790÷960/1700÷2700 MHz at the same time. Let me remind you that the mentioned antenna consists of two broadband feeds separated by a certain distance and oriented so that their polarization vectors are orthogonal.
In general, this antenna is well suited for receiving 4G + at short distances (up to 5 km in the presence of direct visibility of the BS), because allows you to receive any combination of frequenciesLTE-A and adaptMIMO 4x 4 to popular modemsCat .4 with only two inputsMIMO2x2.
How to find out the LTE parameters of your 4G signal
The interface of the widely used modem Huawei 3372 gives almost all the information about the parameters of the 4G signal. On the main page of the interface, we see that we receive a signal LTE, a mobile operator, an approximate signal level in the form of 5 bars, as well as an icon indicating that the connection is established - up and down arrows.
You can define the frequency range (Band) and the data transmission standard (data spacing - FDD or TDD) on the following tab:
By setting the preferred mode “LTE only”, unchecking the “all supported” option, you can go through the ranges one by one to find out at what frequency you receive the signal. If the signal is received, then the information will be displayed at the top right, as in the screenshot, if there is no reception, then the inscription “No signal” will appear. After all the changes, do not forget to click the "Apply" button.
But not everything is so simple. All of the above works great for FDD ranges. Cannot set TDD range. I know for sure that in Moscow MTS distributes LTE in the Band 38 band, i.e. frequency 2600, transmission type TDD . An attempt to set this range for the MTS SIM card fails, the modem reloads the page and returns to the previous state. In doing so, you can installB 7 and B3 both individually and simultaneously.
Measurements taken on a smartphone with Android 7.0 and a built-in Cat .12 modem showed the following result.
I note that Android 7.0, unlike younger versions, can measure signal parameters and transmit data to applications that request them from the OS. The screenshot shows that in fact MTS (in the screenshot of MGTS, this is the same thing) distributes LTE in the Band 38 range, i.e. in TDD format.
A possible reason for this situation is that the E3372 series modems are available in two versions - E3372H and E3372S. I have a modem with the letter H at the end, unlocked and flashed in HiLink. For E3372H modems, the serial number starts with a combination of G4P, and for E3372S - L8F. I admit that the S series modems can tune in to B38, but I can’t check it, because I don't have a suitable modem.
So the modem interface HiLink gives almost all information about parameters LTE -signal. However, when determining the frequency range ( Band ) may be error-prone when data is transmitted in the format TDD . To determine the "band" it is advisable to use other tools, in particular applications running under Android 7.0 and corresponding smartphones.
Links
When writing the article, in addition to the links indicated in the text, the following materials were used.
Sincerely yoursdmitryvv
Even a first-grader today knows how to use the mobile Internet. Developed wireless technologies allow you to access the network not only from computers and laptops: most phones, players, tablets and other gadgets have access to the Internet. For the average user, the communication standard is unimportant: it is not necessary to know how 3g differs from 4g and what lte means in order to download applications, view the news feed on social networks and watch movies online.
These questions become more significant when studying the characteristics of the mobile Internet. What do lte and 4g standards give and what is the difference between them?
find 10 differences
The abbreviation LTE stands for Long Term Evolution and refers to 4G technology. LTE is one of the first 4G standards, a stage in the development of this technology. The concept of LTE is included in 4G, being a subtype along with another technology, WiMax 2. In the characteristics of many devices, 4G and LTE are listed together as a single term. In other words, the question of what is the difference between lte and 4g can be safely answered: this is the same technology.
What is the difference between 3g and 4g? In the evolution of wireless technologies, 3 G is a step below 4 G. At one time, the emergence of 3G Internet opened a new era of mobile Internet, but today 3G is inferior to 4G in terms of data transfer speed. The advantages of 3G technology include its age: 3G has been in use for almost 20 years, while 4G has only been developed since 2008, so 3G is still in the lead, albeit not by a large margin, in terms of coverage.
4G and LTE in questions and answers
We figure out how to connect LTE and why 4g is good: questions to Wifire specialists.
– How to connect 4g on my smartphone?
Answer: In the same way as connecting the mobile Internet of any format. 3g, 4g and lte can be connected at the office of the Wifire provider or directly on the site. Choose a suitable tariff plan, check the prices and leave an online application!
– I have already activated the mobile Internet service. How to turn on 4g on your phone?
Answer: To enable 4G internet, you need to activate the mobile internet feature on your device. You may need to change the network mode after connecting to the internet. To do this, in the settings of mobile networks, you need to select 4G (LTE). Unfortunately, we cannot provide detailed instructions on how to enable 4g on your phone, since the settings menu for different models is significantly different. You can contact your device manufacturer's service center or service provider for assistance.
– What are the advantages of 4G?
Answer: The main advantages of 4G include parameters such as data transfer speed, file upload speed (upload) and file download speed (download). High speed rates allow us to offer our subscribers uninterrupted wireless communications throughout Russia, and you get fast mobile Internet at an attractive cost.
Tariffs and services of Net By Net Holding LLC may be changed by the operator. Full up-to-date information about tariffs and services - in the "tariffs" section or by phone indicated on the site.
Despite the fact that LTE is already available in almost all regions of our country, users still have confusion in frequencies (Bands), as well as in the categories of this technology (LTE cat. X). Today I would like to tell you in detail what are the differences between LTE "bands", LTE categories, as well as which of them are already used in Russia, and which ones may appear in the future.
LTE Bands - 4G technology frequencies
Unlike GSM and UMTS, which have become standards for 2G and 3G communications, LTE technology can use a much wider range of frequencies. So, for example, only 4 bands 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz are used in GSM, and 1900-2200 MHz bands are added to them in UMTS.
LTE technology, in turn, can operate at frequencies from ultra-low at 450 MHz to ultra-high at 5 GHz, and moreover, it can combine several bands into one channel using LTE Advanced technology, but we will talk about it a little later.
There are 70 LTE "bands" in total, which differ in frequency and some other parameters, but today I will focus only on those that are used in Russia.
At the moment, Russian operators use 5 bands:
- 3 in the 1800 MHz FDD band;
- 7 in the 2600 MHz FDD band;
- 20 in the 800 MHz FDD band;
- 31 in the 450 MHz FDD band;
- 38 in the 2600 MHz TDD band.
You may have noticed that despite the same frequency range of 2600 MHz in the 7th and 38th bands, they differ in the designations FDD and TDD. Now I will try to explain the difference.
In general, the end user may not notice this difference, however, technologically, FDD and TDD networks are fundamentally different in this. When using FDD (Frequency Division Duplex), incoming and outgoing traffic is separated by frequency, that is, data is loaded at one frequency and uploaded at another. When using TDD (Time Division Duplex), both downloading and uploading data are carried out at the same frequency, only alternately.
From the operator's point of view, it is more profitable to have a TDD network, since it only needs 1 frequency band for both download and upload. From the user's point of view, theoretically, it is more profitable to work in the FDD network, since the upstream and downstream traffic go separately and do not interfere with each other. But in practice, as I noted earlier, the difference will be rather imperceptible.
As for the differences between the other bands, it is worth noting their range, penetration and capacity. Without going into details, the lower the frequency, the higher the range and the better the property of passing through urban areas, but the capacity of the network itself is less and, accordingly , speeds in it.
Band 31 in Russia is currently used only by Tele2, which sells LTE-450 equipment under the Skylink brand. According to the operator himself, this technology is popular in the most remote and sparsely populated areas with poor coverage of other mobile networks. The range of the LTE-450 base station can cover a radius of up to 20 km, which is 5-6 times greater than that of the base station of the LTE-2600 standard. It should be noted that this band is not supported by smartphones, only special modems and routers work with it.
The "Big Three" widely use 3, 7, 20 and 38 bands in Russia, and combine them depending on several factors. The higher the population density and activity, the higher the frequency required, since it is necessary to provide high capacity and good speed . In the centers of megacities, in business districts, in places with high tourist activity, as a rule, 3, 7 and 38 bands are used. In regions where the population density and investment in infrastructure is less, Band 20 is used, since in it the base station can cover a fairly large radius (up to 13.4 km) with good penetration into buildings, while the speed does not suffer, since there is much fewer users who need LTE. But mainly band20 is used either in absolutely sparsely populated areas, or in large cities as an additional range. That is, even if your device does not support band20, you will not be left without 4G, since the territory will additionally be covered by band 3-7-38.
There is another important factor - the availability of certain frequencies in certain regions for certain operators. Here, the operator adapts not only to the specifics of the location, but also to its portfolio of frequencies. The frequencies themselves were raffled among operators at auctions that were held in our country several times.
It is also worth noting that Band 3, operating in the 1800 MHz band, is also the frequency at which 2G / 3G communications operate. That is, the wider the channel the operator wants to give for LTE, the narrower it will become for 2G / 3G networks, which the majority of Russian subscribers continue to use. Naturally, it is too early to talk about a significant refactoring of 1800 MHz networks, but this is an inevitable future, because the share of 2G / 3G gadgets in relation to 4G devices will gradually fall.
LTE-Advanced or what will happen if you combine several Bands
When it comes to LTE Advanced, the text often contains designations like LTE cat.4, LTE cat.6 or LTE cat. 9. Let's try to figure out what they mean, but first, what is called "on the fingers", I will explain what LTE Advanced is in general terms.
LTE Advanced is a technology that allows you to combine several carrier frequency bands into one channel. So, for example, an operator that uses LTE Advanced takes 1.4-20 MHz from one band, combines them into one "pipe" with 1.4-20 MHz from another band, and the output is an aggregated LTE Advanced standard. Today, it is theoretically possible to combine 5 carriers with a maximum bandwidth of 20 MHz, which gives an impressive 100 MHz output, but this is just a theory. Now let's see what happens in practice.
The first operator in Russia to use LTE Advanced on its network was Yota, while still an independent operator. It happened on October 9, 2012, but the operator was so far ahead of its time that the launch turned out to be formal, since there were no modems with LTE Advanced support then, and Yota did not offer SIM cards for smartphones and tablets.
The real commercial launch was carried out by MegaFon in the spring of 2014. In Moscow and St. Petersburg, the operator combined two 20 MHz carriers into Band 7, receiving theoretically available 300 Mbps and a network corresponding to the LTE cat category. 6.
In 2015, MegaFon swung at LTE cat. 9 at speeds up to 450 Mbps, which combined 2 carriers of 20 MHz each from Band 7 and another 20 MHz carrier from Band 3. However, it didn’t go further than testing, because to use such a large channel width in Band 3 ( 1800 MHz) required a significant reduction in the capacity of the operator's 2G network.
Beeline, unlike MegaFon, does not have a large number of available frequencies, so its launch of LTE Advanced turned out to be somewhat more modest. At the end of the summer of 2014 in Moscow, the "striped" operator combined Band 7 and Band 20 with a width of 10 MHz and 5 MHz, respectively, having received the maximum possible speed of 112.5 Mbps and a network corresponding to the LTE cat category. 4. After that, during the tests, the operator added a third 20 MHz carrier from Band 3, achieving a maximum speed of 250 Mbps, but such a network was not put into commercial operation. The thing is that 20 MHz in the 1800 MHz band is the entire available Beeline band that is used by the GSM network, and its refactoring to 4G would lead to a triple reduction in the capacity of the existing 2G network.
MTS, in turn, launched the first LTE Advanced network in mid-2015, combining 2 5 MHz bands from Band 3 and 1 5 MHz wide band from Band 38, which became a problem for most non-top smartphones, since the aggregation of unequal spectrum bands in different bands only support flagship devices. But in MTS, depending on the region, another aggregation is also used, which is supported by a wider range of gadgets.
To date, MTS has the fastest network in Bashkortostan, where aggregation of three carriers 1800+2600+800 MHz with a total bandwidth of up to 35 MHz (20+10+5) is used, which makes it possible to achieve speeds up to 260 Mbps. But such a network, despite three carriers, corresponds only to the LTE cat category. 4. because the speed does not reach 300Mbps.
To find out in more detail which operator in your region is already working in LTE Advanced, enter the query "LTE Advanced in [your city]" in the Google or Yandex search box and you will surely find news that will answer this question. If you don’t find it, as was the case with me (Kursk), then no one has launched such a network in your region yet. As for coverage maps on the operator's websites, only MegaFon provides information about LTE Advanced so far.
As can be seen from all of the above, MegaFon has an advantage in frequencies and successfully uses it. Other operators, having a more modest portfolio of frequencies, are looking at the LTE-U (LTE Unlicensed) standard, which I will discuss below.
LTE-U - the future without licenses, but with limitations
As I mentioned earlier, LTE technology is unique in that it can operate in different bands from ultra-low to ultra-high, including the 5 GHz band. This frequency is not licensed, that is, uncontrolled by the state, and modern Wi-Fi routers work on it.
LTE-U (Unlicensed) is a kind of mixture of the usual Wi-Fi and the fourth generation mobile network, and they are compatible with each other. The bottleneck of LTE-U, like Wi-Fi, is the short range of the base station, which makes this technology only suitable for indoor use, such as office buildings and shopping malls. But the unlicensability of 5 GHz is a plus of the technology, since the operator can install its own base stations and cover any premises with the LTE-U network without additional approvals from government agencies.
LTE-U does not exist in isolation, but as an addition to LTE and LTE-Advanced, that is, a user device can simultaneously work in several LTE bands using LTE-A and at the same time use LTE-U resources, combining all networks into a single channel, which allows reaching peak speeds of 1 Gbps.
Moreover, Link Aggregation technology is supported, with which you can add speed to your smartphone using home Wi-Fi. That is, while at home, using LTE-U, you can combine the operator's LTE network and home Wi-Fi into a single LTE Unlicensed network, which will use all of the above channels simultaneously for data transmission.
At the moment, interest in LTE-U has been expressed by Beeline and MTS, which plan to deploy the first LTE-U networks as early as this 2017. But there are no smartphones on the market that support this technology, although such devices should go on sale soon. It is worth noting that Russia is not far behind other countries, since not a single LTE Unlicensed network has yet been launched in the world.
Conclusion
Today you learned about the basic terms associated with fourth generation networks, as well as the situation with LTE in Russia. I hope that I was able to explain such complex things in simple words. I will note at the end that I deliberately did not delve into the theory and loaded you with unnecessary information that most would not be interested in.
If you want to know anything else about Russian operators, their technologies and networks, you can leave your suggestion in the comments and maybe I will talk about it in one of the following articles.
LTE support is often found in the characteristics of modern smartphones, but not every user knows what it is and how it will affect the operation of the gadget. In this article, we will try to understand in detailhow it differs from other types of network connections and why a modern user needs it.
Mobile Internet is firmly entrenched in the lives of most mobile users. Its speed and quality are of no small importance, so mobile operators' engineers are constantly developing new standards, LTE is one of them. It provides highly efficient high-speed data transmission.
In fact, the standard is an intermediate version necessary for the transition from third to fourth generation networks. The classification of mobile data transmission standards today is as follows.
- 2G is the 2000 standard. The information transfer rate does not exceed 20 kbps. It implies the transfer of images, text files, voice messages. Today, this network is available everywhere, but is used only by legacy models.
- 3G - the standard of 2010 (the most active period of technology introduction). The transfer speed is not more than 3 megabits. Supports more features: video calling, online movies, free surfing the Internet.
- LTE or 4G - is still under implementation and is not available everywhere. High data transfer rate allows everything the same as the previous format, but at a higher quality level.
Thus, LTE is the modern perfect standard for wireless data transmission.
What is the difference between gadgets that support LTE
In addition to the question ofit is worth figuring out how attractive gadgets that support this standard are. As a rule, all modern smartphones and tablets are designed for high-speed Internet connection, video communication or watching movies, as well as other projects and services that require high-speed data exchange. Unfortunately, 3G is not always able to provide and maintain the required speed, and without the ability to support LTE, networks are not connected to the new format.
Device Specifications
Gadgets with support for the new standard have the following speed characteristics.
- The speed of receiving information is up to 100 Mbps, which ensures fast download of video files, good quality of communication during online broadcasting. Working on the Internet at this speed proceeds without the slightest delay waiting for the download.
- In addition to downloading, interacting with the Internet also means uploading information. The speed of this process is also at a high level and is 50 Mbps.
- Speed when communicating with the network. Declared by the developers, but rarely actually observed in the process of work, is 300 Mb / s reception and 170 Mb / s transmission.
Thus, devices equipped with LTE support have wide capabilities and the highest speed of data exchange with the Internet, provided that they are in the coverage area of the desired standard.
It is worth noting that the transition from one network to another, if all formats are supported, occurs automatically. In this case, switching back often causes problems. This can be attributed to the disadvantages of such devices, the return to the 3G standard after leaving the LTE coverage area occurs only by rebooting the device.
Features of smartphones with LTE
The high quality of mobile Internet is necessary for all its users, therefore, understandingit is worth giving preference to just such a device. What will the user get as a result:
- with the characteristics of the maximum possible in the current conditions;
- not only watching videos without delays and downloads, but also video calls and online conferences;
- in addition, they try to make such devices as accessible as possible to users, so there are models of various price categories.
Before buying a smartphone with support for the Internet connection standard, it is worth clarifying in the accompanying documents the frequency range that is available to the gadget. It often happens that the device is designed for values that do not meet Russian standards.
A smartphone with high-speed Internet access can be used as a router and distribute Wi-Fi to other devices, phones or tablets. With a good amount of traffic, it is permissible to connect even a laptop or PC to the network if you have the right adapter.
Most premium gadgets are equipped with this feature, and it is included in the standard. So, for example, Apple smartphones are equipped with the ability to use a high-speed connection to the network starting from model 5, and 6 are already fully connected to the network in the ranges available in Russia.
What are the prospects
People have not had time to really understand the technology, and on the sidelines they are already whispering that fifth-generation networks are just around the corner. In this connection, we can safely count on the fact that LTE-4G will soon become available in most regions of the country.
But what else can you read to users, it would seem that it’s already much better, the speed of downloading and uploading allows you to use the Internet at a high level. However, further developments include:
- increase the speed and increase the quality of data transfer in the mobile network;
- the emergence of new formats of services based on mobile Internet with a high-speed connection;
- improving the quality of mobile communication services, subject to a reduction in its cost.
Thus, when buying a smartphone, you should not deny yourself the opportunity to use the Internet through a network of the highest standards. Even despite the fact that today the coverage of the 4G zone allows only residents of the central regions of the country to access it, the spread of technology is proceeding at a rapid pace.